This document summarizes the Photo-Fries rearrangement reaction and its mechanisms. The Photo-Fries rearrangement involves the intramolecular rearrangement of phenolic esters to hydroxy aryl ketones upon exposure to UV light without a catalyst. The reaction proceeds via the dissociation of the substrate into phenoxy and acyl radicals, which then recombine within the solvent cage to form intermediates that aromatize to produce the product. Photo-Fries rearrangements of anilides follow the same mechanism, with the only difference being the replacement of the bridging oxygen with nitrogen.
IMPORTANT NAMED REACTIONS in Organic synthesis with Introduction, General Mechanism, and their synthetic application covering more than 20 named reactions in it.
THE PERICYCLIC REACTION THE MOST COMMON TOPIC INCLUDE THE SYLLABUS OF MANY SCIENCE STUDY INCLUDING BSC, MSC , PHARMA STUDY, AND MORE HENCE WE ARE COVERED ALL THE DATA OF IT HOPE THIS WILL MAKE READER EASY.
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Carbon
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Nitrogen
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Oxygen
Rearrangement to Electron-Rich Carbon
Aromatic Rearrangements
Crown ethers
NOMENCLATURE
GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF CROWN ETHER
AZA CROWN
CRYPTAND
APPLICATIONS
1. SYNTHETIC APPLICTION
Esterification
Saponification
Anhydride formation
Potassium permanganate oxidation
Aromatic substitution reactions
Elimination reactions
Displacement reaction
Generation of carbenes
Superoxide anion
Alkylations – 1. o-alkylations
2. c-alkylations
3. n-alkylations
2. ANALYTICAL APPLICATION
Determination of gold in geological samples
Super critical fluid extraction of trace metal from solid and liquid materials
Application of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry
Oxidation and determination of aldehydes
Crown ethers are used in the laboratory as phase transfer catalyst
OTHER APPLICATION
It is used in photocynation
Resolution of racemic mixture
Benzoin condensation
Hetrocyclisation
Synthesis of furanones
Acetylation of secondary amines in presence of primary amine
Mechanism of suzuki-shapiro reaction and its synthetic approach (organic chem...MZzaddy
The Suzuki-Shapiro reaction, also known as the Suzuki coupling, is a widely used organic reaction for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds between aryl or vinyl halides and boronic acids or boronate esters. It was discovered independently by Akira Suzuki and Barry Shapiro in the 1970s and has since become a versatile and valuable tool for synthesizing a variety of organic compounds, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials.
The Suzuki-Shapiro reaction involves the use of a palladium catalyst, typically a palladium complex with a phosphine ligand, in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, and a solvent, such as an ether or DMF. The reaction proceeds through a series of steps, including oxidative addition of the aryl or vinyl halide to the palladium catalyst, transmetallation with the boronic acid or boronate ester, and reductive elimination to form the desired carbon-carbon bond.
One of the advantages of the Suzuki-Shapiro reaction is its broad substrate scope, including aryl and vinyl halides of different electronic and steric properties, as well as boronic acids and boronate esters with various functional groups. The reaction is also tolerant of a wide range of reaction conditions, making it compatible with a variety of reaction setups and scales.
The Suzuki-Shapiro reaction has many applications in organic synthesis, including the preparation of conjugated polymers, biaryl compounds, and natural product derivatives. It has also been used in the synthesis of drugs, such as the anticancer agent bortezomib, and in the development of new materials, such as OLEDs and semiconductors.
IMPORTANT NAMED REACTIONS in Organic synthesis with Introduction, General Mechanism, and their synthetic application covering more than 20 named reactions in it.
THE PERICYCLIC REACTION THE MOST COMMON TOPIC INCLUDE THE SYLLABUS OF MANY SCIENCE STUDY INCLUDING BSC, MSC , PHARMA STUDY, AND MORE HENCE WE ARE COVERED ALL THE DATA OF IT HOPE THIS WILL MAKE READER EASY.
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Carbon
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Nitrogen
Rearrangement to Electron Deficient Oxygen
Rearrangement to Electron-Rich Carbon
Aromatic Rearrangements
Crown ethers
NOMENCLATURE
GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF CROWN ETHER
AZA CROWN
CRYPTAND
APPLICATIONS
1. SYNTHETIC APPLICTION
Esterification
Saponification
Anhydride formation
Potassium permanganate oxidation
Aromatic substitution reactions
Elimination reactions
Displacement reaction
Generation of carbenes
Superoxide anion
Alkylations – 1. o-alkylations
2. c-alkylations
3. n-alkylations
2. ANALYTICAL APPLICATION
Determination of gold in geological samples
Super critical fluid extraction of trace metal from solid and liquid materials
Application of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry
Oxidation and determination of aldehydes
Crown ethers are used in the laboratory as phase transfer catalyst
OTHER APPLICATION
It is used in photocynation
Resolution of racemic mixture
Benzoin condensation
Hetrocyclisation
Synthesis of furanones
Acetylation of secondary amines in presence of primary amine
Mechanism of suzuki-shapiro reaction and its synthetic approach (organic chem...MZzaddy
The Suzuki-Shapiro reaction, also known as the Suzuki coupling, is a widely used organic reaction for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds between aryl or vinyl halides and boronic acids or boronate esters. It was discovered independently by Akira Suzuki and Barry Shapiro in the 1970s and has since become a versatile and valuable tool for synthesizing a variety of organic compounds, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and materials.
The Suzuki-Shapiro reaction involves the use of a palladium catalyst, typically a palladium complex with a phosphine ligand, in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, and a solvent, such as an ether or DMF. The reaction proceeds through a series of steps, including oxidative addition of the aryl or vinyl halide to the palladium catalyst, transmetallation with the boronic acid or boronate ester, and reductive elimination to form the desired carbon-carbon bond.
One of the advantages of the Suzuki-Shapiro reaction is its broad substrate scope, including aryl and vinyl halides of different electronic and steric properties, as well as boronic acids and boronate esters with various functional groups. The reaction is also tolerant of a wide range of reaction conditions, making it compatible with a variety of reaction setups and scales.
The Suzuki-Shapiro reaction has many applications in organic synthesis, including the preparation of conjugated polymers, biaryl compounds, and natural product derivatives. It has also been used in the synthesis of drugs, such as the anticancer agent bortezomib, and in the development of new materials, such as OLEDs and semiconductors.
Los días 8 y 9 de octubre de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces acogió el Simposio Internacional 'Química: respuestas para una vida mejor', organizado en colaboración con la Fundación General CSIC. Su finalidad fue ofrecer a los participantes una visión atractiva de la química moderna que sirva de base al desarrollo de nuevas respuestas para una sociedad en rápida evolución.
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Discussion on photolysis, Norrish rearrangement, photolysis of azo compounds, isomerization and rearrangement, Fries rearrangement, chemiluminescence and bioluminescence
Molecular Rearrangements of Organic Reactions ppsOMPRAKASH1973
This PPT is usefull for aspirants of JEE-IIT, CSIR-NET and UPSC exams in CHEMISTRY section. It is also usefull for grduates and Post graduates students of Indian Universities.
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A novel calix[4]arene based chemosensor having two schiff’s base units has been designed, synthesized and characterized by NMR and ESI-MS analysis. It is found to exhibit excellent selectivity for Cu2+ over a wide range of alkali, alkaline earth and other transition metal ions in acetonitrile solution. Its metal binding affinity and binding constant studies revealed a 1:1 binding stocheometry of the ligand with Cu2+ ion.
Diel's-Alder and Gattermann Koch ReactionsPRUTHVIRAJ K
n organic chemistry, the Diels–Alder reaction is a chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene derivative. It is the prototypical example of a pericyclic reaction with a concerted mechanism
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
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The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
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holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
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2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
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The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
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Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
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Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
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marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
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Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Photo fries rearrangement
1. PHOTO-FRIES REARRANGEMENT
PHOTO-FRIES REACTIONS OF ANILIDES
Guided By Presented By
Mr.Nasir Ahmed Sumeet Kumar Jha
Dr.Ashish Asatkar M.Sc.(Chemistry)
Mrs.Chitra Kiran Patel 3rd Semester
GOVT.GUNDADHUR
P.G.COLLEGE,KONDAGAON(C.G.)
2. CONTENTS
FRIES REACTION
THEORY
REACTION
PHOTO-FRIES REARRAGEMENT
THEORY
REACTION
MECHANISM
PHOTO-FRIES REACTION OF ANILIDES
REFFERENCE
3. FRIES REACTION
Conversion of phenolic ester in to hydroxy aryl
ketones in presence of catalyst called Fries
Reaction.
4. PHOTO-FRIES REARRANGMENT
Conversion of phenolic ester in to hydroxy aryl
ketones in presence of UV-light without catalyst
called Photo-Fries Rearrangment.
Photo-Fries rearrangment is an intramolecular
rearrangment.
Where acyl and alkyl groups migrate to ortho and
para position on irradiation.
5. In this rearrangment the substrate dissociate into
phenoxy and acyl radicals.
which combine with in the solvent cage to give
intermediates on aromatisation of the product.
MECHANISM:-
6.
7. NOTE:- *Photo-Fries rearrangment is carried out in
gaseous phase only phenol is obtained.it confirms
that the formation of solvent cage.
*It has been seen that when the tempreture of the
reaction will be high the ortho product formed and
when the tempreture of the reaction is low the para
product formed.
9. PHOTO-FRIES REACTIONS OF ANILIDES
Photo-Fries rearrangment of anilides obey the
same mechanism as Photo-Fries rearrangment of
phenyl esters.
The only difference is the replacement of bridging
oxygen by nitrogen.
