Mediated extraction of metals from ores
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•976 views
Micelle mediated extraction is a process for extracting metals from ores using micelles. Micelles are colloidal particles that form when a surfactant concentration exceeds its critical micelle concentration. The process involves first crushing and grinding the ore, then concentrating the ore to separate it from waste rock. Various processes can be used for concentration like hydraulic washing, froth flotation, magnetic separation, or chemical separation. The concentrated ore then undergoes processes like calcination and roasting to remove impurities before reduction and purification to extract the pure metal. Metals are classified as ferrous (based on iron), non-ferrous (all other metals), or further divided into precious, minor, and base metals.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Aluminium Extraction
The document summarizes the process of extracting aluminium from bauxite ore. Bauxite ore is dissolved in cryolite to lower its melting point before being electrolyzed in a molten electrolyte. During electrolysis, positively charged aluminium ions move to the negatively charged carbon cathode, gaining electrons and forming aluminium atoms. Negatively charged oxide ions move to the positively charged carbon anode, losing electrons and forming oxygen gas. Some oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form carbon dioxide, requiring frequent anode replacement. The overall process uses electrolysis to extract aluminium from bauxite ore dissolved in cryolite.
Principles of Metallurgy
Metals are generally found as compounds in nature called minerals. Ores are minerals that metals can be extracted from readily and profitably. Ores occur as oxides, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, and silicates. Flux is added to slag off impurities during smelting. Metals are refined through vapor phase, electrolytic, or zone refining. Common metal extraction processes involve concentration, roasting, smelting, and reduction. Metals have various uses as alloys and in electroplating, machinery, jewelry, and other applications.
Thorium
Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive metal that is about three times more abundant than uranium. It can be used as a nuclear fuel in reactors. Thorium requires neutron bombardment to become fissionable and can breed uranium-233 fuel. Advantages of thorium include producing less long-lived radioactive waste and being more proliferation resistant compared to uranium. However, thorium also has disadvantages such as producing radioactive waste from mining and being more difficult and costly to process than uranium.
Granitic tin and uranium deposits
This document discusses granitic tin and uranium deposits. Granitic tin deposits are primary tin occurrences found within granite intrusive rocks. They account for over 80% of the world's tin production. Major locations include Malaysia, South Africa, Australia, and the Blue Tier tin field in Tasmania. Granitic uranium deposits also occur in granite, with large deposits found in Namibia, Nigeria, and Alaska. Tin is used in alloys and solders, while uranium is primarily used as nuclear fuel.
Mineral beatification
This document provides an overview of mineral beneficiation processes. It discusses various processes used to separate valuable minerals from gangue, including comminution and sizing, gravity concentration, magnetic concentration, electrostatic concentration, froth flotation, and complex mineral processing plants. The objective of beneficiation is to increase the metal content and reduce gangue. While beneficial for extracting metals, the processes can cause environmental issues like water and noise pollution if not managed properly.
Classification of ore deposits
The document classifies ore deposits into several categories based on their relation to host rock, genesis, geological age, and composition. Ore deposits are either syngenetic, forming at the same time as the host rock, or epigenetic, forming later. They are also classified as endogenic, forming below ground, or exogenic, forming above ground. Classification is also based on whether the deposits are magmatic, metamorphic, or sedimentary in origin, as well as the geological age during which they formed. Finally, ore deposits can be classified based on whether their main minerals are metallic, non-metallic, radioactive, or petroleum.
Molar Mass Problems
To find the molar mass of an element, look up its atomic mass on the periodic table. For compounds, add up the molar masses of each element present according to the chemical formula, multiplying by the subscript if there is one. For example, the molar mass of NaCl is 58.5 g/mol, calculated from the molar masses of one Na atom and one Cl atom.
Extraction of Uranium (U)
Uranium is a metallic element with an atomic number of 92 that is used as nuclear fuel. It occurs naturally in minerals like pitchblende, uraninite, and carnotite. Uranium is extracted from its ores and enriched so that it contains more of the fissionable isotope uranium-235. Its main use is to generate electricity in nuclear power plants by sustaining a chain reaction, but it is also used in military applications like nuclear submarines and weapons.
Recommended
Aluminium Extraction
The document summarizes the process of extracting aluminium from bauxite ore. Bauxite ore is dissolved in cryolite to lower its melting point before being electrolyzed in a molten electrolyte. During electrolysis, positively charged aluminium ions move to the negatively charged carbon cathode, gaining electrons and forming aluminium atoms. Negatively charged oxide ions move to the positively charged carbon anode, losing electrons and forming oxygen gas. Some oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form carbon dioxide, requiring frequent anode replacement. The overall process uses electrolysis to extract aluminium from bauxite ore dissolved in cryolite.
Principles of Metallurgy
Metals are generally found as compounds in nature called minerals. Ores are minerals that metals can be extracted from readily and profitably. Ores occur as oxides, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, and silicates. Flux is added to slag off impurities during smelting. Metals are refined through vapor phase, electrolytic, or zone refining. Common metal extraction processes involve concentration, roasting, smelting, and reduction. Metals have various uses as alloys and in electroplating, machinery, jewelry, and other applications.
Thorium
Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive metal that is about three times more abundant than uranium. It can be used as a nuclear fuel in reactors. Thorium requires neutron bombardment to become fissionable and can breed uranium-233 fuel. Advantages of thorium include producing less long-lived radioactive waste and being more proliferation resistant compared to uranium. However, thorium also has disadvantages such as producing radioactive waste from mining and being more difficult and costly to process than uranium.
Granitic tin and uranium deposits
This document discusses granitic tin and uranium deposits. Granitic tin deposits are primary tin occurrences found within granite intrusive rocks. They account for over 80% of the world's tin production. Major locations include Malaysia, South Africa, Australia, and the Blue Tier tin field in Tasmania. Granitic uranium deposits also occur in granite, with large deposits found in Namibia, Nigeria, and Alaska. Tin is used in alloys and solders, while uranium is primarily used as nuclear fuel.
Mineral beatification
This document provides an overview of mineral beneficiation processes. It discusses various processes used to separate valuable minerals from gangue, including comminution and sizing, gravity concentration, magnetic concentration, electrostatic concentration, froth flotation, and complex mineral processing plants. The objective of beneficiation is to increase the metal content and reduce gangue. While beneficial for extracting metals, the processes can cause environmental issues like water and noise pollution if not managed properly.
Classification of ore deposits
The document classifies ore deposits into several categories based on their relation to host rock, genesis, geological age, and composition. Ore deposits are either syngenetic, forming at the same time as the host rock, or epigenetic, forming later. They are also classified as endogenic, forming below ground, or exogenic, forming above ground. Classification is also based on whether the deposits are magmatic, metamorphic, or sedimentary in origin, as well as the geological age during which they formed. Finally, ore deposits can be classified based on whether their main minerals are metallic, non-metallic, radioactive, or petroleum.
Molar Mass Problems
To find the molar mass of an element, look up its atomic mass on the periodic table. For compounds, add up the molar masses of each element present according to the chemical formula, multiplying by the subscript if there is one. For example, the molar mass of NaCl is 58.5 g/mol, calculated from the molar masses of one Na atom and one Cl atom.
Extraction of Uranium (U)
Uranium is a metallic element with an atomic number of 92 that is used as nuclear fuel. It occurs naturally in minerals like pitchblende, uraninite, and carnotite. Uranium is extracted from its ores and enriched so that it contains more of the fissionable isotope uranium-235. Its main use is to generate electricity in nuclear power plants by sustaining a chain reaction, but it is also used in military applications like nuclear submarines and weapons.
Minerals
The document discusses minerals, their properties, and how they are classified. It defines minerals as naturally occurring solid substances with a crystal structure. All minerals share common characteristics - they form through natural processes, are not living, have a definite shape and volume, and are made of elements or compounds arranged in repeating crystal patterns. Minerals are grouped based on their chemical composition, with the most abundant group being silicates like quartz and mica. Physical properties like color, luster, hardness, cleavage/fracture, and specific gravity can be used to identify different minerals.
Oxidation reduction reactions By MUHAMMAD FAHAD ANSARI 12 IEEM 14
The document summarizes various electrochemical reactions including oxidation-reduction reactions. It discusses reactions that produce electrical energy spontaneously like in batteries and those that require electrical energy like electrolysis. Key points covered include the definitions of oxidation, reduction, and oxidizing/reducing agents. Examples of electrolysis and electroplating are provided. The roles of microbes in important redox processes like photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, sulfate reduction, and methane formation are summarized.
Oil exploration (Basics)
Petroleum is found in sedimentary rocks under pressure and heat. Exploration techniques include geological methods like subsurface mapping and remote sensing, and geophysical methods like gravity, electrical, magnetic, and seismic surveys to identify potential oil and gas deposits. Modern exploration uses hyperspectral remote sensing which provides high-resolution data to detect hydrocarbon indicators not visible to other sensors.
Transition Metal Carbonyl Compounds
Transition metal carbonyls form when carbon monoxide bonds to a transition metal through both sigma and pi bonding. This synergistic metal-ligand bonding strengthens the metal-carbon bond. Metal carbonyls can be classified based on the ligands present and the number/structure of metal atoms. They exhibit a variety of reactions including substitution, reactions with halogens, and disproportionation. Metal carbonyls display properties related to their toxicity, magnetic behavior, thermal stability, and thermodynamic instability.
Cobalt
- Cobalt compounds have been used to color glass and ceramics for millennia, dating back to ancient Egypt and China.
- Swedish chemist Georg Brandt discovered cobalt as a new element in 1735 and showed that cobalt compounds were responsible for the blue color in glass.
- Cobalt occurs naturally in combination with other elements like sulfur and arsenic in minerals, but is most often obtained as a byproduct of copper and nickel mining.
Phase rule
The document discusses the phase rule, which relates the degrees of freedom, number of components, and number of phases in a system at equilibrium. It defines key terms like phase diagram, phase boundary, component, and phase. The phase rule statement is f=c-p+2, where f is degrees of freedom, c is number of components, and p is number of phases. For a single-component system like water, this means the degrees of freedom is 2 when one phase is present, 1 when two phases coexist, and 0 when three phases are in equilibrium. Examples are also given for solid, liquid, and gas phases in water and metallurgical systems where pressure is constant.
Photochemistry sem 5 509
Photochemistry CECH-509 discusses photochemical reactions and the laws that govern them. Photochemical reactions are chemical reactions initiated by the absorption of light. Key points:
- Photochemical reactions increase free energy while thermal reactions decrease it. The rate of a photochemical reaction depends on the intensity of absorbed light.
- Stark-Einstein law states that each reacting molecule absorbs a single photon, gaining energy to activate and enter the reaction.
- Quantum yield refers to the number of molecules reacted or formed per absorbed photon, indicating the reaction's efficiency. Values below 1 indicate a low yield while above 1 is high. Secondary reactions can result in yields above 1.
Rare earth elements and their properties and their applications in steels
This document discusses a seminar presentation on rare earth elements, their properties, and applications in steels. It begins with definitions of rare earth elements and includes information on: lanthanide contraction and its causes; rare earth element electronic configurations; major rare earth element deposits worldwide; common rare earth-bearing minerals like monazite and bastnasite; other industrial applications of rare earth elements beyond steels; how rare earth elements purify steels, modify inclusions, enable grain refinement as microalloys; and their influence on steel microstructures. Examples of industrial processes utilizing rare earth element oxide metallurgy are also provided.
Bravais lattices
This document discusses Bravais lattices, which are the 14 possible arrangements of points in a crystal lattice. It defines a unit cell as the smallest repeating pattern that generates the entire crystal lattice when translated in three dimensions. Unit cells can be primitive, containing particles only at the corners, or centered, containing additional particles in the body, face, or end centers. There are 7 common crystal systems classified by the angles and ratios of the unit cell vectors a, b, c. The 14 Bravais lattices represent all possible geometric arrangements of points in 3D space that generate the entire lattice through translation. Examples are provided of common crystal structures corresponding to each Bravais lattice.
Supramolecular Chemistry (by- Rijwan Ahmad)
Contains: general introduction, brief history, classification, examples and applications of supramolecular chemistry....
Lewis Structures
This document provides instructions for drawing Lewis structures by finding the element on the periodic table to determine its group and number of valence electrons. It explains that the group an element is in indicates how many valence electrons it has. Students are instructed to write the element symbol and draw dots representing valence electrons counter-clockwise around the symbol. Examples are provided to practice drawing Lewis structures for various elements.
Magnetic Properties of Materials | Physics
Magnetic Field: The magnetic field is an imaginary line of force around a magnet which enables other ferromagnetic materials to get repelled or attracted towards it. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Magnetic Properties of Materials www.askiitians.com/iit-jee-magnetism/magnetic-properties-of-materials/
unit 3-electrochemistry.pptx
Electrochemistry deals with chemical reactions caused by electric currents or electric currents produced by chemical reactions. Galvanic cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy through redox reactions. Reversible cells like Daniel cells can undergo reactions in both directions while irreversible cells like zinc-silver cells cannot. Protective metal coatings through electroplating or electroless plating prevent corrosion by depositing a noble metal layer on a substrate.
Minerals
This document discusses rock forming minerals and their properties. It defines what constitutes a mineral and compares minerals to rocks. It then describes several key physical properties of minerals that can be used for identification, including luster and transparency, color and streak, cleavage, fracture and parting, hardness, and density. Specific examples are provided to illustrate different types of each property. The document also notes that over 4000 minerals have been identified but only around 50 are abundant, with most composed of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Minerals are classified based on their dominant anion such as silicates, carbonates, sulfides, oxides, sulfates and halides.
RADIOACTIVE METALS URANIUM AND THORIUM
Uranium is a radioactive mineral that is not found in its native state in nature and breaks down at a steady rate through intermediate stages. It is found as a constituent of rare minerals like pitchblende and carnotite. The main types of uranium deposits are vein type, sandstone type, and unconformity type, with the largest reserves distributed across Canada, Australia, and Kazakhstan.
Chemical Bonding
This document discusses the four main types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and metallic bonds. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Hydrogen bonds are electrostatic attractions between hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to electronegative atoms and another electronegative atom. Metallic bonds are electrostatic attractions between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons in metals. Examples of each type of bond are provided.
Atomic structure.ppt 1
Atoms are composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud. The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. Negatively charged electrons reside outside the nucleus in the electron cloud. The number of protons defines the identity of an element and is equal to its atomic number. The total number of protons and neutrons is the mass number. The number of electrons equals the number of protons to maintain electroneutrality. Models such as the Bohr model depict electron arrangement in shells surrounding the nucleus.
Wall Rock Alteration.pdf
1. Wall rock alteration occurs when hot hydrothermal fluids interact with surrounding country rocks, changing their mineralogy. There are two main types: hypogene alteration from ascending fluids and supergene alteration from descending waters.
2. Alteration products depend on the rock character, fluid properties like pH and temperature/pressure conditions. Important reactions include hydrolysis, hydration, dechlorination, silication, and decarbonation.
3. Different alteration types are associated with certain deposit types, like potassic alteration with porphyry copper deposits and greisenization indicating tin or tungsten. Original rock type influences prevalent alteration, such as sericitization and silicification in acidic rocks.
Metallurgy
The document discusses various principles and processes involved in the isolation of elements through metallurgy. It describes how elements are found in nature, either in native state or combined state in minerals and ores. It then explains the metallurgical processes of crushing and grinding ores, concentrating the ore through various methods, converting the concentrated ore into metal oxides through calcination or roasting. Finally, it discusses reducing the metal oxides into metals through reduction processes using suitable reducing agents, based on the reactivity and position of metals in the Ellingham diagram.
Metallurgy is a part of chemistry which deals with the extraction of metals.
This is a simple pdfh to understand Metallurgy in a more convinient way.
Refining of copper
The document describes the process of refining copper from its ore. There are several key steps:
1) Mining the copper ore from underground deposits. 2) Crushing and grinding the ore to liberate copper particles from waste rock. 3) Concentrating the ore using froth flotation to separate copper minerals from waste gangue. 4) Extracting copper through roasting to form copper oxide and smelting to produce copper matte and remove iron. 5) Further refining copper using bessemerization and electrorefining or distillation to produce high purity copper.
More Related Content
What's hot
Minerals
The document discusses minerals, their properties, and how they are classified. It defines minerals as naturally occurring solid substances with a crystal structure. All minerals share common characteristics - they form through natural processes, are not living, have a definite shape and volume, and are made of elements or compounds arranged in repeating crystal patterns. Minerals are grouped based on their chemical composition, with the most abundant group being silicates like quartz and mica. Physical properties like color, luster, hardness, cleavage/fracture, and specific gravity can be used to identify different minerals.
Oxidation reduction reactions By MUHAMMAD FAHAD ANSARI 12 IEEM 14
The document summarizes various electrochemical reactions including oxidation-reduction reactions. It discusses reactions that produce electrical energy spontaneously like in batteries and those that require electrical energy like electrolysis. Key points covered include the definitions of oxidation, reduction, and oxidizing/reducing agents. Examples of electrolysis and electroplating are provided. The roles of microbes in important redox processes like photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, sulfate reduction, and methane formation are summarized.
Oil exploration (Basics)
Petroleum is found in sedimentary rocks under pressure and heat. Exploration techniques include geological methods like subsurface mapping and remote sensing, and geophysical methods like gravity, electrical, magnetic, and seismic surveys to identify potential oil and gas deposits. Modern exploration uses hyperspectral remote sensing which provides high-resolution data to detect hydrocarbon indicators not visible to other sensors.
Transition Metal Carbonyl Compounds
Transition metal carbonyls form when carbon monoxide bonds to a transition metal through both sigma and pi bonding. This synergistic metal-ligand bonding strengthens the metal-carbon bond. Metal carbonyls can be classified based on the ligands present and the number/structure of metal atoms. They exhibit a variety of reactions including substitution, reactions with halogens, and disproportionation. Metal carbonyls display properties related to their toxicity, magnetic behavior, thermal stability, and thermodynamic instability.
Cobalt
- Cobalt compounds have been used to color glass and ceramics for millennia, dating back to ancient Egypt and China.
- Swedish chemist Georg Brandt discovered cobalt as a new element in 1735 and showed that cobalt compounds were responsible for the blue color in glass.
- Cobalt occurs naturally in combination with other elements like sulfur and arsenic in minerals, but is most often obtained as a byproduct of copper and nickel mining.
Phase rule
The document discusses the phase rule, which relates the degrees of freedom, number of components, and number of phases in a system at equilibrium. It defines key terms like phase diagram, phase boundary, component, and phase. The phase rule statement is f=c-p+2, where f is degrees of freedom, c is number of components, and p is number of phases. For a single-component system like water, this means the degrees of freedom is 2 when one phase is present, 1 when two phases coexist, and 0 when three phases are in equilibrium. Examples are also given for solid, liquid, and gas phases in water and metallurgical systems where pressure is constant.
Photochemistry sem 5 509
Photochemistry CECH-509 discusses photochemical reactions and the laws that govern them. Photochemical reactions are chemical reactions initiated by the absorption of light. Key points:
- Photochemical reactions increase free energy while thermal reactions decrease it. The rate of a photochemical reaction depends on the intensity of absorbed light.
- Stark-Einstein law states that each reacting molecule absorbs a single photon, gaining energy to activate and enter the reaction.
- Quantum yield refers to the number of molecules reacted or formed per absorbed photon, indicating the reaction's efficiency. Values below 1 indicate a low yield while above 1 is high. Secondary reactions can result in yields above 1.
Rare earth elements and their properties and their applications in steels
This document discusses a seminar presentation on rare earth elements, their properties, and applications in steels. It begins with definitions of rare earth elements and includes information on: lanthanide contraction and its causes; rare earth element electronic configurations; major rare earth element deposits worldwide; common rare earth-bearing minerals like monazite and bastnasite; other industrial applications of rare earth elements beyond steels; how rare earth elements purify steels, modify inclusions, enable grain refinement as microalloys; and their influence on steel microstructures. Examples of industrial processes utilizing rare earth element oxide metallurgy are also provided.
Bravais lattices
This document discusses Bravais lattices, which are the 14 possible arrangements of points in a crystal lattice. It defines a unit cell as the smallest repeating pattern that generates the entire crystal lattice when translated in three dimensions. Unit cells can be primitive, containing particles only at the corners, or centered, containing additional particles in the body, face, or end centers. There are 7 common crystal systems classified by the angles and ratios of the unit cell vectors a, b, c. The 14 Bravais lattices represent all possible geometric arrangements of points in 3D space that generate the entire lattice through translation. Examples are provided of common crystal structures corresponding to each Bravais lattice.
Supramolecular Chemistry (by- Rijwan Ahmad)
Contains: general introduction, brief history, classification, examples and applications of supramolecular chemistry....
Lewis Structures
This document provides instructions for drawing Lewis structures by finding the element on the periodic table to determine its group and number of valence electrons. It explains that the group an element is in indicates how many valence electrons it has. Students are instructed to write the element symbol and draw dots representing valence electrons counter-clockwise around the symbol. Examples are provided to practice drawing Lewis structures for various elements.
Magnetic Properties of Materials | Physics
Magnetic Field: The magnetic field is an imaginary line of force around a magnet which enables other ferromagnetic materials to get repelled or attracted towards it. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Magnetic Properties of Materials www.askiitians.com/iit-jee-magnetism/magnetic-properties-of-materials/
unit 3-electrochemistry.pptx
Electrochemistry deals with chemical reactions caused by electric currents or electric currents produced by chemical reactions. Galvanic cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy through redox reactions. Reversible cells like Daniel cells can undergo reactions in both directions while irreversible cells like zinc-silver cells cannot. Protective metal coatings through electroplating or electroless plating prevent corrosion by depositing a noble metal layer on a substrate.
Minerals
This document discusses rock forming minerals and their properties. It defines what constitutes a mineral and compares minerals to rocks. It then describes several key physical properties of minerals that can be used for identification, including luster and transparency, color and streak, cleavage, fracture and parting, hardness, and density. Specific examples are provided to illustrate different types of each property. The document also notes that over 4000 minerals have been identified but only around 50 are abundant, with most composed of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Minerals are classified based on their dominant anion such as silicates, carbonates, sulfides, oxides, sulfates and halides.
RADIOACTIVE METALS URANIUM AND THORIUM
Uranium is a radioactive mineral that is not found in its native state in nature and breaks down at a steady rate through intermediate stages. It is found as a constituent of rare minerals like pitchblende and carnotite. The main types of uranium deposits are vein type, sandstone type, and unconformity type, with the largest reserves distributed across Canada, Australia, and Kazakhstan.
Chemical Bonding
This document discusses the four main types of chemical bonds: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and metallic bonds. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between two atoms. Hydrogen bonds are electrostatic attractions between hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to electronegative atoms and another electronegative atom. Metallic bonds are electrostatic attractions between positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons in metals. Examples of each type of bond are provided.
Atomic structure.ppt 1
Atoms are composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons surrounded by an electron cloud. The nucleus contains positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. Negatively charged electrons reside outside the nucleus in the electron cloud. The number of protons defines the identity of an element and is equal to its atomic number. The total number of protons and neutrons is the mass number. The number of electrons equals the number of protons to maintain electroneutrality. Models such as the Bohr model depict electron arrangement in shells surrounding the nucleus.
Wall Rock Alteration.pdf
1. Wall rock alteration occurs when hot hydrothermal fluids interact with surrounding country rocks, changing their mineralogy. There are two main types: hypogene alteration from ascending fluids and supergene alteration from descending waters.
2. Alteration products depend on the rock character, fluid properties like pH and temperature/pressure conditions. Important reactions include hydrolysis, hydration, dechlorination, silication, and decarbonation.
3. Different alteration types are associated with certain deposit types, like potassic alteration with porphyry copper deposits and greisenization indicating tin or tungsten. Original rock type influences prevalent alteration, such as sericitization and silicification in acidic rocks.
Metallurgy
The document discusses various principles and processes involved in the isolation of elements through metallurgy. It describes how elements are found in nature, either in native state or combined state in minerals and ores. It then explains the metallurgical processes of crushing and grinding ores, concentrating the ore through various methods, converting the concentrated ore into metal oxides through calcination or roasting. Finally, it discusses reducing the metal oxides into metals through reduction processes using suitable reducing agents, based on the reactivity and position of metals in the Ellingham diagram.
What's hot (20)
Oxidation reduction reactions By MUHAMMAD FAHAD ANSARI 12 IEEM 14
Oxidation reduction reactions By MUHAMMAD FAHAD ANSARI 12 IEEM 14
Rare earth elements and their properties and their applications in steels
Rare earth elements and their properties and their applications in steels
Similar to Mediated extraction of metals from ores
Metallurgy is a part of chemistry which deals with the extraction of metals.
This is a simple pdfh to understand Metallurgy in a more convinient way.
Refining of copper
The document describes the process of refining copper from its ore. There are several key steps:
1) Mining the copper ore from underground deposits. 2) Crushing and grinding the ore to liberate copper particles from waste rock. 3) Concentrating the ore using froth flotation to separate copper minerals from waste gangue. 4) Extracting copper through roasting to form copper oxide and smelting to produce copper matte and remove iron. 5) Further refining copper using bessemerization and electrorefining or distillation to produce high purity copper.
Extractive Metallurgy_week 1.pdf
The document outlines the key concepts and tentative lecture plan for an extractive metallurgy course. It introduces basic terms like ore and mineral and describes various processes involved in extractive metallurgy like comminution, mineral dressing, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and electrometallurgy. These include unit operations like crushing and grinding and unit processes like calcination, roasting, smelting, and leaching. The lecture plan details the topics to be covered in each of the 15 weeks including extraction of various metals from different sources.
Metallurgy
It contains the information about Extractive techniques,types of metallurgy, refining techniques, and alloying and videos
Metals and metallurgy
The document discusses the principles of metallurgy and metal extraction processes. It defines metals, non-metals and metalloids based on their properties. The processes involved in metal extraction include mining, crushing, concentration, roasting, reduction and refining. Concentration methods separate the metal ore from gangue using techniques like gravity separation, magnetic separation or froth flotation. Reduction converts the metal oxide into pure metal using carbon or aluminothermic processes. Refining further purifies the metal using techniques like liquation, distillation, electrolysis or poling. Overall, the document provides an overview of the key concepts and steps involved in extracting and processing metals from their ores.
Pem ln 1_mkp
This document provides an overview of principles of extractive metallurgy. It outlines the course objectives which are to understand extractive metallurgy processes, identify extraction types, learn thermodynamics of extraction, and understand various metal production flow sheets. The syllabus covers topics like extraction processes, pyrometallurgy versus hydrometallurgy, calcination, roasting, smelting, thermodynamics principles, and electrometallurgy. Key extraction concepts like comminution, classification, separation methods, and kinetics are also mentioned.
Extractive Metallurgy
Extraction to separate metals is discussed from ores. So, all the steps are discussed in complete order
Bioleaching of iron, copper, gold. uranium
This document summarizes the process of bioleaching, which uses microorganisms to extract metals like copper, gold, iron, and uranium from ores. It discusses how different bacteria are used to oxidize the metal sulfides in ores, making the metals soluble and able to be extracted. The main methods used are heap leaching and in-situ leaching. Bioleaching has advantages of being low-cost and able to process low-grade ores, but is also time-consuming. Specific examples of how bacteria aid in leaching copper, iron, gold, and uranium are also provided.
Extraction of zinc
The document discusses the extraction of zinc from its ores. Zinc is extracted through either pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical extraction processes. Pyrometallurgical extraction involves grinding the zinc ore, concentrating it through flotation, roasting the concentrate to produce zinc oxide, and then reducing the zinc oxide with carbon to produce zinc vapor which is then condensed. Hydrometallurgical extraction involves leaching the zinc calcine with sulfuric acid, precipitating out impurities, and then electrolyzing the filtered solution to recover zinc. The Imperial Smelting Process is also discussed, which allows simultaneous smelting of zinc and lead from complex mixed ores.
Metallurgy based on chemistry the reactions and processes
This document discusses metallurgy and metal extraction processes. It covers key topics such as mineral ores, concentration methods like froth flotation and magnetic separation, production of crude metal through processes like smelting and calcination, and refining of crude metal using techniques including liquation, distillation, and electrorefining. Specific extraction processes are described for metals like aluminum, copper, iron, and zinc. Thermodynamic principles and the use of Ellingham diagrams to determine the feasibility of thermal reduction reactions are also summarized.
Minerals Of The Earth's Crust
This document provides an overview of minerals, their composition and structure. It discusses that minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with definite chemical compositions and ordered internal structures. It describes the basic building blocks of minerals including elements, atoms, and different types of chemical bonding. It also summarizes the different physical properties used to identify minerals such as crystal form, luster, color, cleavage, fracture and hardness. Finally, it outlines some of the major mineral groups found in Earth's crust including silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides and others.
Metallurgy
The document discusses the various processes involved in metallurgy, which is the extraction of metals from ores and their purification. There are three main types of metallurgical processes - pyrometallurgy which uses high temperatures, hydrometallurgy which uses aqueous solutions, and electrometallurgy which uses electrolysis. Common steps in metal extraction include mining the ore, crushing and grinding it, concentrating the ore to remove impurities, roasting or calcining it, reducing the metal oxides to the pure metal, and finally refining the metal through processes like liquation, distillation, or electrolysis.
Metallurgy
This document provides information on the occurrence of metals, concentration and extraction of metals from ores. It discusses various concentration methods like gravity separation, froth flotation, magnetic separation and leaching. Extraction of crude metal involves converting the ore to oxides followed by reduction of metal oxides. Refining methods like distillation, electrolytic refining and zone refining are also outlined. Applications of some common metals like zinc, iron, copper and gold are briefly described.
metallurgy (2).pptx
This document provides information about metallurgy and metal extraction processes. It discusses key concepts like minerals, ores, gangue and the steps of metallurgy including concentration of the ore, production of crude metal, and refining. Specific processes covered include crushing, pulverization, gravity separation, froth flotation, magnetic separation, leaching, smelting, zone refining and electrolytic refining. Examples of metal extraction processes discussed are for aluminum, copper and iron. Thermodynamic principles and the use of Ellingham diagrams to determine feasibility of thermal reduction reactions are also summarized.
overview of metallurgy
The document provides an overview of metallurgy and metal extraction processes. It discusses:
1) Different methods of metal extraction including pyrometallurgy (using heat), hydrometallurgy (using water), and electrometallurgy (using electricity).
2) Properties and applications of cast iron, which has 2-4.5% carbon content and is strong in compression.
3) The process of extracting iron from iron ore in a blast furnace, producing pig iron which can then be further processed to make wrought iron or steel.
Ekstrasi leching 106
The document discusses the process of extracting metals from ores. It explains that ores rarely contain only the desired metal and usually include unwanted materials called gangue. The extraction process involves three main steps - concentrating the ore, isolating the metal from the concentrated ore, and purifying the metal. It describes various concentration techniques used depending on the properties of the ore, including hydraulic washing, magnetic separation, and froth floatation. Leaching is also used to extract some metals by dissolving them in solvents like sodium cyanide solutions. The entire scientific process of extracting metals from ores is called metallurgy.
Chapter-1.pptx
This document discusses metallic minerals and their occurrences. It begins by defining key terms like metallurgy, minerals, rocks, ores, and gangue. Minerals naturally occur in the earth's crust, sometimes in their pure elemental form but usually as compounds. Ores are minerals that contain high enough concentrations of metals to be profitably extracted. Gangue refers to unwanted waste materials that are inevitably included during mining. The document then provides examples of important ore minerals for various common metals like copper, zinc, iron, and aluminum. It also discusses processes used in mineral processing and metallurgy like comminution, concentration, roasting and the use of fluxes to separate gangue from metal in the form of slag.
junaid mehar.pptx
Nickel is a silvery-white metal that is commonly found in ores containing other elements. There are two important types of nickel ores - laterites, which are oxide or silicate ores predominantly found in tropical regions, and sulfides which contain about 1.5% nickel associated with other metals in more temperate areas. Nickel is extracted from these ores using pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical approaches depending on the specific mineral composition of the ore. Once extracted, nickel can be further refined to high purity using techniques like the Mond process or electrorefining.
Lead Extraction
This document discusses the extractive metallurgy process for lead. It describes lead properties, history of lead use, health effects, lead ores and locations, ore dressing, size reduction, roasting, smelting, refining including the Parkes and Betts processes, and lead products and byproducts. The overall process involves extracting lead from its ore, reducing and refining it to remove impurities and produce a high purity lead product.
Metallurgy of copper
Metallurgy is the study of techniques and procedures which are used to extract metals from earth crust.
copper is extracted from its pyrite ores.
Similar to Mediated extraction of metals from ores (20)
Metallurgy is a part of chemistry which deals with the extraction of metals.
Metallurgy is a part of chemistry which deals with the extraction of metals.
Metallurgy based on chemistry the reactions and processes
Metallurgy based on chemistry the reactions and processes
More from Muhammad Mudassir
Significance of silicon
Silicon is the second most common element in the Earth's crust. Silicones are polymeric organosilicon compounds containing Si-O-Si linkages and Si-C bonds. They have many useful properties including low conductivity, thermal stability, chemical inertness, and resistance to oxygen, ozone, and UV light. Silicones have various applications including use in textiles as coatings and softeners, in medicine as elastomers for devices like catheters, and in plants and human health where silicon plays a role in photosynthesis, stress resistance, and bone/tissue health.
Conducting polymers
This document outlines how plastics can become conductive through a process called doping. It discusses that polymers are normally insulating but certain polymers like polyacetylene can conduct electricity when doped. Doping involves introducing charges into the polymer through oxidation or reduction. This leaves holes that allow electrons to move along the polymer chain. Factors that affect conductivity include the number of charge carriers, their mobility, temperature, and presence of doping materials. Applications of conductive plastics include uses in electronics, solar cells, LEDs, electromagnetic shielding, and smart windows.
Water splitting on semiconductor catalysts under visible light irradiation
This document discusses photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel using solar energy. It begins by outlining the need to find renewable hydrogen production methods, as fossil fuel reserves are depleting. It then explains that photocatalytic water splitting uses a photocatalyst to split water into hydrogen and oxygen when exposed to sunlight, providing a renewable method. However, the process is not yet highly efficient due to recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers in the photocatalyst before they can react at the surface to split water. Improving the efficiency and durability of photocatalysts remains an ongoing challenge.
Natural and chemical biocides
This document discusses biocides, which are formulations containing active substances that control or destroy harmful organisms. It provides background information on biocides, including types (chemical and natural), major classes, and common active ingredients. The document outlines both arguments for biocides, such as increased food supply and farmer profits, and risks, like negative health and environmental impacts. It also describes common applications of biocides in areas like agriculture, swimming pools, cosmetics/pharmaceuticals, and medical device sterilization. In conclusion, the document states that biocide use should be minimized and carefully regulated due to the risks involved.
Artificial sweeteners
Artificial sweeteners are used as sugar substitutes that provide sweetness with fewer calories than sugar. Some are produced naturally while others like aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, sucralose, and neotame are synthesized. They are used by those watching their sugar intake, managing diabetes, or concerned with weight gain. While safe for most in moderation, artificial sweeteners come with restrictions for those with rare conditions like phenylketonuria. They are many times sweeter than sugar but provide no calories, making them a popular sugar substitute.
Supramolecular chemistry
Supramolecular chemistry is the chemistry of intermolecular bonds between two or more chemical species. It was pioneered in the late 19th century and Nobel Prizes have been awarded for its development. Supramolecular interactions include ion-ion, ion-dipole, and dipole-dipole interactions. Building blocks include macrocycles, structural units, and biologically derived units. Control relies on thermodynamics and the molecular environment. Applications include materials technology, catalysis, medicine, and other devices. Intensive research is enabling new functional materials and more effective catalysis through template-directed synthesis.
Reactive dyes
Reactive dyes are organic dyes that form covalent bonds with cellulose fibers. They were first commercially produced in 1956 and have advantages like excellent color fastness and ease of washing. Reactive dyes contain three parts - a chromophore for color, a reactive group that bonds to fibers, and a bridging group connecting these. Dyeing involves exhaustion of dye onto fibers, fixation through alkaline conditions forming covalent bonds, and washing unfixed dye away. Reactive dyeing gives very colorfast results due to the strong covalent bonds formed.
Mesoporous materials
Mesoporous materials have pore sizes between 2-50 nm which gives them high surface areas of 400-1000 m2/g. Common types include MCM-41, MCM-48, MCM-50, HMS, and SBA-15. They can be synthesized using hard or soft templating methods. Applications include drug delivery, adsorption, chromatography, catalysis, sensors, and diagnostics due to their chemical stability, large pore volumes, and tunable surface properties.
Cationic and anionic res ponsive gels
This document discusses cationic and anionic responsive microgels. It defines microgels as crosslinked, polymeric, colloidal particles that can swell and deswell in response to stimuli. It classifies microgels based on the nature of crosslinks and response. Cationic microgels contain basic groups while anionic microgels contain acidic groups. Their properties change with pH and ionic strength. Microgels can be synthesized via precipitation or microemulsion polymerization. Applications include use in coatings, pharmaceuticals, and materials reinforcement.
Application of ionic liquids in pharmaceuticals
Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid below ambient temperature. They are composed solely of ions without water. Ionic liquids based on imidazole have been well studied as novel solvents. Ionic liquids have wide-ranging properties including low vapor pressure, high viscosity, thermal stability, and ability to dissolve both polar and nonpolar compounds. They have various applications in pharmaceuticals as solvents, for drug delivery, and to address issues like low drug solubility and polymorphism.
Recent advances in battery science and technology
This document discusses the history and types of batteries. It begins with defining batteries and describing their invention by Volta in 1800. It then discusses the increasing demand for batteries to power electronics and electric vehicles. The document outlines several recent advances in batteries, including sodium-ion and solid-state designs that improve safety. It concludes that continued research in nanoscience and new materials could enable breakthroughs in sustainable battery technologies.
Mossbauer spectroscopy
Mossbauer spectroscopy uses gamma ray absorption to probe the local electronic environment of atomic nuclei. It works by measuring small shifts in the resonant absorption peaks of nuclei in different chemical states. The document outlines the basic principles, typical methods, applications in physics, chemistry, biology, mineralogy and metallurgy, as well as limitations, of Mossbauer spectroscopy.
Microbial fuel cells
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical systems that use bacteria to generate electricity. MFCs can be categorized as mediated or unmediated. Mediated MFCs use chemical mediators to transfer electrons from bacteria to an anode, while unmediated MFCs directly transfer electrons via bacterial membrane proteins. MFCs have the potential to generate electricity from wastewater treatment and can be used as biosensors to measure pollutant levels. However, challenges remain in improving catalytic rates, energy production levels, and reducing costs before widespread applications can be realized.
Liqued crystals
Liquid crystals are an intermediate phase between solid and liquid that have properties of both. They lack a fixed shape but their molecules align in the same direction, giving them orientational order. There are several types of liquid crystals including nematic, smectic, and cholesteric that differ in their molecular arrangements. Liquid crystals are used widely in applications like digital displays, thermometers, and protective clothing due to their optical and thermal properties.
Composites of nano zincoxide for efficientphotocatalytic activity
This document discusses composites of nano zinc oxide for efficient photocatalytic activity. It introduces various nanocomposites including ZnO-CuO and explains their properties. The document then describes the preparation of pure ZnO nanostructures and ZnO-CuO nanocomposites via hydrothermal methods. It investigates the photocatalytic activity of ZnO-CuO composites in degrading methyl orange dye under UV light and finds they have higher degradation rates than pure ZnO. In conclusion, hydrothermally synthesized ZnO/CuO nanocomposites have enhanced photocatalytic properties due to efficient charge transfer between ZnO and CuO.
Bio energy uses in pakistan
This document discusses biomass energy conversion and biogas generation in Pakistan. It explains that biomass, or bioenergy, includes organic materials like wood, crops, and animal waste that can be used for energy. Biomass undergoes either fermentation or anaerobic digestion by microorganisms to produce biogas, which is 55-65% methane. Biogas plants are classified based on their design and process, and types discussed include single-stage continuous plants, double-stage continuous plants, floating drum plants, and fixed-dome plants. The document outlines prospects for bioenergy in Pakistan and applications such as cooking, lighting, electricity generation, and fertilizer production.
Fly ash and its applications
Fly ash has various applications including for desulphurization. For desulphurization, an absorbent is synthesized by mixing fly ash, calcium oxide, and calcium sulfate. This absorbent is then used to remove sulfur dioxide from flue gases through reactions that are affected by factors like absorbent particle size, temperature, humidity, and sulfur dioxide concentration. The desulphurization capacity increases with higher humidity but decreases with lower sulfur dioxide concentration and larger particle size, while temperature has a negligible impact. Fly ash thus helps reduce air pollution from coal burning, though it also has limitations like containing radioactive materials.
Removal of heavy metal by nano metal oxide
This document discusses the removal of heavy metals from water using nano metal oxides. It introduces heavy metals as relatively high density metals that are toxic, like lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury. Heavy metals accumulate in organisms and can be harmful. Nano metal oxides like ZnO are effective at removing heavy metals from water through adsorption and photocatalysis mechanisms involving the absorption of light and production of electron-hole pairs on the nanoparticle surface. This allows for the reduction of heavy metals or reaction with electron acceptors. Nano metal oxides provide an efficient and low-cost approach for heavy metal removal through these photocatalytic processes.
Majour source of energy alternative of fuel
This document discusses different sources of energy, including fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas. It also discusses alternative and renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, tidal, biomass and nuclear energy. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and their combustion produces greenhouse gases, but they are easily combustible and produce large amounts of energy. Renewable sources like solar, wind and tidal do not produce emissions but have limitations around availability. Nuclear energy produces through fission or fusion reactions but has risks. In conclusion, non-renewable resources will be depleted so renewable alternatives need further development to meet future energy demands.
Ionic liqueds
This document provides an overview of ionic liquids, including their history, composition, properties, applications, and toxicity concerns. Ionic liquids are molten salts that are liquid at or near room temperature. They are composed of a combination of ions, most commonly organic cations paired with inorganic anions, which results in their unusually low melting points. Ionic liquids have numerous advantageous properties, such as low volatility, high thermal stability, and wide liquid range, making them promising as green replacements for traditional organic solvents. However, concerns remain around the toxicity of some ionic liquids, particularly those containing halogen ions, which could release toxic species in water.
More from Muhammad Mudassir (20)
Water splitting on semiconductor catalysts under visible light irradiation
Water splitting on semiconductor catalysts under visible light irradiation
Composites of nano zincoxide for efficientphotocatalytic activity
Composites of nano zincoxide for efficientphotocatalytic activity
Recently uploaded
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneGender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Recently uploaded (20)
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
B. Ed Syllabus for babasaheb ambedkar education university.pdf
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Mediated extraction of metals from ores
- 2. Micelle Mediated Extraction of Metals from Ores
- 3. Outline • Micelle •Ore vs Mineral •Metallurgy •Classification of metals
- 4. Micelle •Micelle Colloidal size particles which exists in equilibrium state with the molecule or ions in the solution from which it is made.
- 5. Formation of Micelles •When the concentration of surfactant is greater than critical micelle concentration (CMC) micelles are formed •It depends upon the Krafft temperature
- 6. Formation of Micelles •When the polar head and the non-polar tails arrange in a special way
- 7. Mineral vs Ore Mineral ore • Naturally occurring substance of metal present in the earth crust are called minerals. • Minerals which are used to obtain metals are called ores. • All minerals are not ores • All ores are essentially mineral too • Clay is a mineral of Aluminium • Bauxite and cryolite are the main ore of Aluminium
- 8. EXTRACTION OF METALS (METALLURGY) •The process of extracting pure metal from its ore is known as Metallurgy. • Steps involved in metallurgy Crushing and grinding Concentration of ore Preliminary treatment of the concentrated ore Reduction Purification
- 9. CRUSHING AND GRINDING •Ore which is obtained from earth crust is in the form of huge lumps. •These huge lumps are broken down into small pieces with jaw crushers.
- 10. Concentration of Ore •Extraction of metal from its ore is known as concentration of ore •Unwanted rocks are eliminated from ore Purification of Ore • Hydraulic washing • Froth Floatation Process • Magnetic Separation • chemical separation
- 11. Hydraulic washing •It is based on gravity differences between the ore and the gangue particles. •Lighter gangue particles are washed away by a stream of water, leaving behind the heavier ore.
- 12. Froth – floating process •The powdered ore is treated with an oil detergent mixture, then stirred to create a froth that separates the detergent coated mineral from the gangue.
- 13. Magnetic separation •The powdered ore is rolled on the magnetic roller. • Magnetic particles are attracted towards belt leaving behind the non magnetic particles.
- 14. Chemical separation •BAYER'S PROCESS Crude ore is treated with NaOH forming aluminate which on further treatment with HCl produces alumina.
- 15. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF THE CONCENTRATED ORE • It consists on two processes •Calcination •Roasting •Calcination •Removal of volatile impurities •Removal of moisture •Decomposition of carbonate ore into oxide
- 16. Calcination •Fe2O3.xH2O → Fe2O3 + xH2O (g) •ZnC03 → ZnO + CO2 • CuC03 .Cu(OH)2 → 2CuO + H2O + CO2
- 17. Roasting •The impurities (sulphur, phosphorus, arsenic) are removed as their oxides • Oxidation occurs to form metal oxide and sulphate •2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2 • 2ZnS + 302 → 2ZnO + S02
- 18. REDUCTION • Smelting The roasted or calcined ore is mixed with suitable quantity of charcoal and is heated. Flux + Impurities → Slag
- 19. Purification • Purification of impure metals is known as refining. • Distillation Volatile metals (zinc and mercury) are purified by this method •Liquation It is used for easily fusible metals (bismuth, tin and lead)
- 20. Classification of Metals Ferrous - those based on iron Steel Cast iron Non Ferrous - All other metals Precious (Gold, Silver, Platinum etc) Minor (Aluminium, copper, lead etc) Base (Molybdenum, cobalt, Manganese etc)
- 21. Thanks