1) An ore is a naturally occurring source of a metal that can be economically extracted from. Metals are commonly found as oxides or sulfides in ores combined with oxygen or sulfur. 2) To extract metals, ores undergo a reduction process where a reducing agent removes the oxygen. Common reducing agents include carbon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, sodium, and magnesium. 3) The extraction of metals can impact the environment, but recycling scrap metals provides advantages by reducing waste and saving energy compared to extracting from raw ores.

1. EXTRACTING METAL FROM ITS
ORES
Chemistry Holiday Homework

2. CONTENTS
• What Are Ores ?
• Metal Ores
• How To Extract Metals From Ores ?
• Reduction Of Metal Ores
• Effects On Environment

3. WHAT ARE ORES ?
• An ore is any naturally-
occurring source of a metal
that you can economically
extract the metal from.
• Aluminium, for example, is the
most common metal in the
Earth's crust, occurring in all
sorts of minerals.
An Ore

4. METAL ORES
• Metals are usually found in ores
containing mineral.
• They are combined with Oxygen or
Sulphur to form Oxides or Sulphides.
• Sulphide Ores are converted to Oxides
by heating them in air (called roasting)
• Eg : Zinc Sulphide to Zinc Oxide
Zinc Zinc Sulphur
Sulphide Oxygen
Oxide Dioxide
ZnS (s) 1 ½ O2 (g) ZnO (s) SO2 (g)

5. HOW TO EXTRACT METALS FROM
ORES ?
• To obtain a metal , it’s ore , a reducing
agent is used to remove the Oxygen , in a
reduction reaction .
• Examples of some reducing agents :
Made from
An impure form of Methane and
carbon Water

6. REDUCTION OF METAL ORES
• Iron , Manganese And Copper
 Carbon and Carbon monoxide
are the reducing agents in the
extraction of Fe , Mn & Cu
 These are cheap because coke
can be used which is cheaply
produced by heating coal in
absence of air
 Extraction of Iron is done in a
blast furnace which reaches
temperatures of 2000K

7. Haematite Fe2O3(s)
Carbon
3CO (g)
Monoxide
Iron 2Fe(I)
Carbon 3 CO2
Dioxide

8. Manganese is produced by the reduction
of its Oxide with Carbon.
2MnO(s) C(s) 2MnI(s) CO2(g)
 Copper used to be produced this way but
nowadays some ores are converted into
solutions containing Cu2+ ions.
 The copper is extracted by reducing with
scrap iron

9.  This is greener as no CO2 is produced
and scra p iron is cheap and readily
available
 Also , solution can be made from low
grade ore so it is readily available

10. • Extracting O ther Metals
 Some metals can’t be extracted using carbon
reduction such as Aluminium , Titanium , and
Tungsten.
 Aluminium cannot be extracted because it is
more reactive than metals.
 Titanium and Tungsten also can’t because they
will form a metal carbide which would make the
metal brittle.

11. • Extraction Of Aluminium
 Aluminium is extracted from purified
bauxite ore (mainly Al2O3)
 Oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite
, which forms a solution which melts at
around 1240K (Al2O3 melts at 2435K)
 Therefore less energy is required

12.  Alumi nium is produced at negative
electrode
 Oxygen is produced at positive electrode
 This gives us an equation :
Al2O3(I) 2Al(I) 1 ½ O(g)

13. • Extraction Of Titanium
 As Titanium can’t be reduced by Carbon it
is reduced by Sodium or Magnesium.
 It is an expensive process as Titanium
Oxide is first converted to Titanium
Chloride by reacting it with coke and
Chlorine at 1173K

14.  Titanium Chloride is then reduced by
Sodium or Magnesium int o Titanium under
an inert argon atmosphere at 1300K

15. • Extraction Of Tungsten
 Tungsten is extracted from it’s Oxide ,
WO3 by redu ction with H2 at high temp.
 However , there is some risk as H2 is a
flammable gas , so using it as a reducing
agent is a last resort

16. EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT
• Recycling scrap metals has many
environmental and economic advantage.
• It reduces the amount of scrap metal in
landfill and it has already been extracted
from its ore so energy is not required
again.

17. THANK
YOU