Expert Witness Testimony
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The document discusses the role and types of expert witnesses. An expert witness is a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a particular field who provides expert testimony. They may provide opinions on matters like injury severity, sanity, machine failures, damages, and authenticating electronic evidence. Expert testimony is important in many civil and criminal cases. Experts have a responsibility to provide unbiased opinions. There are testifying experts who present in court and non-testifying experts who advise lawyers. In ballistics cases, expert opinions on matching bullets to guns involve subjective assessments.
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This in-depth seminar was presented by Rory Lambert, lawyer at Lambert and Williams. The presentation provides a framework for medical legal reports.
Topics in this slide presentation include:
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- Hearsay evidence: what it means and how to use it in your reports
- Rules of court and how they impact on your report
- The language of probabilities in determining causation
**The language of probabilities in determining causation**
Every complementary healthcare practitioner should become familiar with how the language of probabilities factors in determining causation in the courtroom.
There is the assumption that, in the context of preparing a legal report, healthcare practitioners must state with scientific precision what caused an injury. This is not the case, and Rory will explain more about this important issue.
Read more here: http://www.healthcarevictoria.com/blog/
Chapter_1.ppt
This document provides an introduction to forensic science, including:
- Defining forensic science and listing its major areas like criminalistics, pathology, anthropology, etc.
- Describing the history, duties of forensic scientists, and qualifications to become one.
- Explaining the organization of federal, state and local forensic labs, and the flow of evidence through them.
- Detailing some specific forensic science fields like odontology, engineering, and entomology.
- Outlining career paths for different types of forensic scientists.
Elective Course on Forensic Science in Law
Introduction to offer an elective course on forensics in law will hugely benefit law students interested in criminal law practice or work as Public Prosecutors.
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More from Ketan Patil
Petroleum products
This document provides an overview of petroleum analysis techniques and instruments. It discusses the composition and products of petroleum including gasoline, kerosene, lubricating oil, and wax. Key analytical methods covered are distillation, density measurement, viscosity testing, and flash point determination. Instrumental techniques analyzed in depth include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS is described as a valuable tool that separates components through a gas chromatograph and then identifies them via their mass spectra in the mass spectrometer. The document concludes with applications and references for further reading.
Estimation of hair index from human hair
Human hair is commonly found evidence at crime scenes and can provide a link between a criminal and their crime. Analysis of hair, called trichology, is important in forensic investigations as hair can easily be left behind at a crime scene and adhere to surfaces. This document outlines the equipment and process used to estimate the hair index of a human hair sample, which involves mounting hair on a slide, treating it with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid, and examining it under a microscope to measure the medulla and cortex.
Barbiturates
Barbiturates are classified as CNS depressants and are often prescribed to treat conditions like anxiety, depression, and insomnia. They produce effects like sleepiness, nausea, and breathing problems when consumed, and in higher doses can cause coma or death. Barbiturates come in many colors and are also abused for their ability to produce euphoria and treat withdrawal symptoms from other drugs. They can be consumed orally or via other routes of administration. Tests like chromatography, spectroscopy, and color tests are used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze samples suspected to contain barbiturates. The salt or acid form of the barbiturate present affects how it can be identified.
Drug abuse in sports
This document discusses the history and science of drug testing in sports. It provides background on the types of performance enhancing drugs used by athletes and their effects. It then describes the anti-doping agencies and rules established to regulate drug use in sports. The document outlines the banned substances and methods according to their classifications. It details the sample collection and testing process, including the analytical methods used to detect drugs in urine and blood samples. Finally, it mentions some notable doping cases that have occurred in sports over time.
Sex determination using anthropometric methods
This document summarizes methods for determining sex from skeletal remains using anthropometric analysis. It outlines key sexual dimorphisms in the skull, pelvis, and long bones that can be used to identify whether remains are from a male or female. For the skull, traits like robustness, orbital shape, and mastoid process size can indicate sex. In the pelvis, characteristics such as the subpubic angle, sciatic notch width, and pubic arch shape provide clues. Measurements and morphological features of long bones like the femur, tibia, humerus and ulna also differ between males and females. Anthropologists can use these multiple lines of evidence from the skeleton to assign sex with 90-95%
Introduction to Anthropology
This document is a submission from Manshwine Bandor, a student in the 4th semester of the 2nd year of a BSc program at Shree Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya. The topic of the submission is Anthropology and it has been submitted to assistant professor Ketan Patil.
Anthropology
Human evolution is a gradual process that has occurred over a long period of time. Key stages included Dryopithecus, which is considered the common ancestor of apes and humans around 25 million years ago. Ramapithecus and Kenyapithecus, dated to between 12-5 million years ago, displayed traits that were ancestral to humans. Australopithecus, the first upright walking species around 4 million years ago, had a brain capacity of around 500cc. Homo habilis began making tools around 2.4 million years ago. Later species such as Homo erectus had larger brains and used fire. Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago, with modern humans
Theories of organic evolution
The document discusses theories of organic evolution, including Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Darwin's theory proposes that organisms evolve over generations through natural selection of inheritable traits that aid survival and reproduction. Lamarck's theory suggests that organisms can pass on traits acquired in their lifetime to offspring, such as giraffes inheriting long necks from ancestors that stretched their necks to reach leaves. Modern understanding incorporates genetics and shows how random mutations in DNA can provide variation for natural selection to act upon.
Anthropology
This document discusses the field of anthropology and its branches. It begins by defining anthropology as the study of humans, their origins, and cultural variations throughout history. The document then outlines the major branches of anthropology, including socio-cultural anthropology, physical/biological anthropology, archaeological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and applied anthropology. For each branch, it provides a brief description of the areas of focus and goals of study.
Study of Soil and Paint
This document provides information about soils and paints. It defines soil as a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that support life. The four main components of soil are identified as minerals, water, organic matter, and gases. Key soil types like sand, silt, clay and loam are described. Methods for analyzing soils like determining moisture content and particle size distribution are outlined. The document also defines paint as a liquid that converts to a solid film after application. The main components of paint are identified as pigments, binders, liquids, and additives. Common types of paints like water-based and oil-based are described. Forensic analysis methods for soils and paints are mentioned
Microscope and its types
This document provides information about different types of microscopes. It discusses simple microscopes, which use a single lens for magnification, and their basic parts and working principle. Compound microscopes are then introduced as using multiple lenses to achieve higher magnification than is possible with a simple lens alone. The key parts of a compound microscope are described, including the eyepiece, objective lenses, body tube, arm, and focus adjustments. It explains that light from the illuminator passes through these parts to produce a magnified image for viewing.
History of firearms
The document outlines the 7 phases of development in firearms technology:
1. Cannon lock - An early matchlock design with a pan and touch hole for ignition.
2. Matchlock - Used a slow-burning match cord for ignition which had disadvantages of visibility and damp weather.
3. Wheel lock - The first self-igniting design using a rotating flint mechanism.
4. Snaphaunce - An early flintlock design with a spring-loaded flint arm for ignition.
5. Flintlock - Rapidly replaced earlier designs using flint and steel for reliable ignition.
6. Percussion lock - Introduced in 1820, it used fulminate of
Hair and fiber
Hairs and fibers are important forms of trace evidence that can provide clues in forensic investigations. Hair has a cuticle, cortex, and sometimes a medulla, and characteristics like these can be used to identify a sample's origin. Fiber analysis examines properties such as the fiber's structure, color, and chemical composition to determine its type (natural or synthetic) and match it to a potential source. Due to their tendency to shed easily, fibers are commonly found as trace evidence and can link a suspect to a crime scene or victim.
Hair and fiber
This document discusses hair and fibers in forensic science. It provides details on:
- The structure and composition of hair, including the cuticle, cortex, and medulla layers. Hair characteristics like color, length and shape can indicate where on the body it came from. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can be extracted from hair roots or cuticles.
- Fibers are long thin strands that can be spun into yarn and woven into fabrics. Matching unique fibers between a victim and suspect's clothing can provide evidence of contact.
- Both natural fibers like cotton and wool and synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester are important in forensic analysis and can be identified under a microscope.
Internal Ballistics
Internal ballistics refers to what occurs within a weapon's barrel from firing to bullet exit. Key phenomena include:
- Ignition starts when the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting propellant which burns to form high-pressure gas.
- Propellant combustion and barrel length impact velocity - short barrels require fast-burning powder while long barrels use progressive-burning powder.
- Atmospheric conditions like temperature affect ballistics, as ammunition is manufactured for a specific temperature range and velocities vary with temperature.
Terminal ballistics
This document discusses terminal ballistics and the different types of injuries caused by firearms. Terminal ballistics is the study of bullet behavior once it impacts the target. Factors like velocity, mass, size, and shape of the bullet affect the degree of injury. Rifled firearms can cause injuries at contact range (muzzle touching body), close shot (within flame distance), and distant shots over 50cm away. Shotgun wounds depend on range, with contact shots causing discoloration and burns and long range shots rarely being fatal. Entry wounds from firearms show more tissue destruction than exit wounds, which tend to be everted with split flaps. Specific injuries include abrasion collars, contusion collars, tattooing, and blackening
Improvised Firearms
This document discusses various types of improvised firearms, also known as zip guns. It provides examples such as zip guns, pen guns, pipe guns, and guns disguised as everyday objects like flashlights, cell phones, cigarettes, briefcases, and keychains. It describes how some of these firearms are constructed in a rudimentary way from available materials to function as a weapon. The document cautions that these improvised firearms can be unstable and pose safety risks due to improper materials or assembly.
External ballistics
External ballistics deals with the flight path of a projectile from the moment it exits the barrel until impact with the target. The key factors that influence a projectile's trajectory are wind, vertical angle, and air density. Wind can cause horizontal deflection from crosswinds and vertical deflection from headwinds or tailwinds. The vertical angle of fire affects slant range and requires adjustments to hold-off points. Variations in air pressure, temperature, and humidity that determine air density also influence drag on the projectile and its trajectory.
External ballistics
The document discusses the factors that affect the trajectory of a bullet, including both internal and external factors. The main internal factors are the velocity of the projectile, spin of the bullet, angle of fire, structural features, and gravity. The main external factors are wind, air resistance, and the Coriolis effect. The trajectory takes the form of a parabola, being affected most significantly by the bullet's velocity, as well as air resistance and gravity acting upon it during flight.
Microscopy
The document discusses different types of microscopes, including compound microscopes and stereomicroscopes. It describes the key parts and principles of operation. Compound microscopes use multiple lenses to magnify specimens and provide a two-dimensional image. Stereomicroscopes use two optical paths to provide a three-dimensional view of surface details. Examples of uses include biology studies, forensics, manufacturing quality control, and more. The document also discusses who may have invented the compound microscope and provides references for further reading.
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
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Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
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Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
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The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
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were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
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s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
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Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
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在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
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Expert Witness Testimony
- 1. ExpErt WitnEss tEstimony Submitted to: Submitted By: Mr. Ketan Sir Ishwar Dhare SVIFS, SVVV
- 2. EXPERT WITNESS • An expert witness is a person whose opinion by virtue of education , training , certification , skills or experience, is accepted by the judge as an expert. The judge may consider the witness's specialized (scientific, technical or other) opinion about evidence or about facts before the court within the expert's area of expertise, referred to as an "expert opinion“. Expert witnesses may also deliver "expert evidence" within the area of their expertise.
- 3. Role of expert witnesses • Experts are relied on for opinions on severity of injury, degree of sanity, cause of failure in a machine or other device, loss of earnings and associated benefits, care costs, and the like. • The tribunal itself, or the judge, can in some systems call upon experts to technically evaluate a certain fact or action, in order to provide the court with a complete knowledge on the fact/action it is judging. The expertise has the legal value of an acquisition of data. The results of these experts are then compared to those by the experts of the parties.
- 4. Duties of expert • The expert has a great responsibility, and especially in penal trials, and perjury by an expert is a severely punished crime in most countries. • Expert evidence is often the most important component of many civil and criminal cases today. Fingerprint examination, blood analysis, DNA fingerprinting, and forensic firearm examination are common kinds of expert evidence heard in serious criminal cases. In civil cases, the work of accident analysis, forensic engineers, and forensic accountants is usually important, the latter to assess damages and costs in long and complex cases. Intellectual property and medical negligence cases are typical examples.
- 5. • Electronic evidence has also entered the courtroom as critical forensic evidence. Audio and video evidence must be authenticated by both parties in any litigation by a forensic expert who is also an expert witness who assists the court in understanding details about that electronic evidence.
- 6. Types of expert witnesses • Testifying experts • If the witness needs to testify in court, the privilege is no longer protected. The expert witness's identity and nearly all documents used to prepare the testimony will become discoverable. Usually an experienced lawyer will advise the expert not to take notes on documents because all of the notes will be available to the other party.
- 7. • Although experts can testify in any case in which their expertise is relevant, criminal cases are more likely to use forensic scientists or forensic psychologists, whereas civil cases, such as personal injury, may use forensic engineers, forensic accountants, employment consultants or care experts.
- 8. • Educating witness • The educating witness teaches the fact-finder (jury or, in a bench trial, judge) about the underlying scientific theory and instrument implementing theory. This witness is an expert witness, called to elicit opinions that a theory is valid and the instruments involved are reliable. The witness must be qualified as an expert witness, which may require academic qualifications or specific training.
- 9. • Reporting witness • Called after teaching witness leaves stand. Usually the laboratory technician who personally conducted the test. Witness will describe both the test and the results. When describing test, will venture opinions that proper test procedures were used and that equipment was in good working order.
- 10. • Non-testifying experts • The non-testifying expert can be present at the trial or hearing to aid the attorney in asking questions of other expert witnesses. Unlike a testifying expert, a non-testifying expert can be easily withdrawn from a case. It is also possible to change a non-testifying expert to a testifying expert before the expert disclosure date.
- 11. Role of expert witnesses in ballistics • Ballistics opinion by forensic expert witness are highly subjective. This means that a forensic expert witness assessment of the quality and the quantity of the resulting tool marks (i.e. the marks imparted from the gun to the bullet and/ or casting) and the decisions of what does or what does not constitute a “match” comes down to a subjective determination based on the expert’s intuition and experience.
- 13. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- <number>