History of firearms
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The document outlines the 7 phases of development in firearms technology: 1. Cannon lock - An early matchlock design with a pan and touch hole for ignition. 2. Matchlock - Used a slow-burning match cord for ignition which had disadvantages of visibility and damp weather. 3. Wheel lock - The first self-igniting design using a rotating flint mechanism. 4. Snaphaunce - An early flintlock design with a spring-loaded flint arm for ignition. 5. Flintlock - Rapidly replaced earlier designs using flint and steel for reliable ignition. 6. Percussion lock - Introduced in 1820, it used fulminate of
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History of firearms
The document provides a history of the development of firearms from early hand cannons to modern systems. It describes the major innovations in ignition mechanisms from matchlock guns to flintlock guns to percussion caps. Important developments included the wheel lock mechanism, snaphaunce, muzzleloaders, Colt's revolver, breechloaders, and the introduction of cartridges using rimfire, pinfire, and centerfire systems. Modern firearms are categorized based on their bore, loading, firing, and handling characteristics.
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This document discusses principles and practices of firearm identification in forensic science. It defines key ballistics terms and describes how class and individual characteristics can be used to identify firearms. Specific characteristics examined include rifling marks, firing pin impressions, breech face marks, and striations. Methods of comparing bullets and cartridge cases using comparison microscopes, stereomicroscopes, test firing, and automated databases like NIBIN and IBIS are summarized. The document provides an overview of the field of forensic ballistics and firearm identification.
Internal ballistics
Internal ballistics is the study of a projectile's behavior from ignition until it exits the gun barrel. It examines factors like lock time, ignition time, and barrel time. Piobert's law states that gunpowder burns layer by layer. Newton's third law means that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, causing recoil. Recoil velocity can be calculated using the projectile and gun masses and velocities. Rusting and erosion over time degrade the gun barrel and reduce accuracy.
Intoduction and brief analysis of arson
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Internal Ballistics
Internal ballistics refers to what occurs within a weapon's barrel from firing to bullet exit. Key phenomena include:
- Ignition starts when the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting propellant which burns to form high-pressure gas.
- Propellant combustion and barrel length impact velocity - short barrels require fast-burning powder while long barrels use progressive-burning powder.
- Atmospheric conditions like temperature affect ballistics, as ammunition is manufactured for a specific temperature range and velocities vary with temperature.
External ballistics
The document discusses the factors that affect the trajectory of a bullet, including both internal and external factors. The main internal factors are the velocity of the projectile, spin of the bullet, angle of fire, structural features, and gravity. The main external factors are wind, air resistance, and the Coriolis effect. The trajectory takes the form of a parabola, being affected most significantly by the bullet's velocity, as well as air resistance and gravity acting upon it during flight.
Examination of Firearm through Cartridge Case and bullet.pptx
The document summarizes the capabilities and examination process of forensic firearm experts. It discusses how experts can identify bullets and cartridge cases even without a suspect firearm by analyzing characteristics like weight, lands and grooves. The examination process involves comparing test-fired bullets and cartridge cases to evidence items under a comparison microscope, looking at matching striations, marks and impressions that can identify the firearm used. It also discusses an Automatic Bullet Identification System (ABIS) that uses computers and algorithms to automate the process of matching ballistic evidence to databases.
ammunition and its classification
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History of firearms
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Internal ballistics
Internal ballistics is the study of a projectile's behavior from ignition until it exits the gun barrel. It examines factors like lock time, ignition time, and barrel time. Piobert's law states that gunpowder burns layer by layer. Newton's third law means that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, causing recoil. Recoil velocity can be calculated using the projectile and gun masses and velocities. Rusting and erosion over time degrade the gun barrel and reduce accuracy.
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Internal Ballistics
Internal ballistics refers to what occurs within a weapon's barrel from firing to bullet exit. Key phenomena include:
- Ignition starts when the firing pin strikes the primer, igniting propellant which burns to form high-pressure gas.
- Propellant combustion and barrel length impact velocity - short barrels require fast-burning powder while long barrels use progressive-burning powder.
- Atmospheric conditions like temperature affect ballistics, as ammunition is manufactured for a specific temperature range and velocities vary with temperature.
External ballistics
The document discusses the factors that affect the trajectory of a bullet, including both internal and external factors. The main internal factors are the velocity of the projectile, spin of the bullet, angle of fire, structural features, and gravity. The main external factors are wind, air resistance, and the Coriolis effect. The trajectory takes the form of a parabola, being affected most significantly by the bullet's velocity, as well as air resistance and gravity acting upon it during flight.
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LIMITING VELOCITY
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GSR
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Classification of firearms
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This document discusses limiting velocity and ballistic limits. It defines external ballistics as dealing with the behavior of a projectile in flight after exiting the gun barrel, and terminal ballistics as studying the effects of a projectile impacting a target. The ballistic limit or limiting velocity is the minimum speed required for a projectile to reliably penetrate a material, below which penetration is unlikely. An equation is presented that relates the ballistic limit velocity to factors like projectile diameter, mass, and material properties.
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Firearms are classified based on bore characteristics, mechanism characteristics, and use characteristics. Bore characteristics include whether the firearm has a rifled or smooth bore. Mechanism characteristics refer to the action (such as lever, bolt, or automatic) and loading mechanisms (such as muzzle, breech, or magazine loading). Finally, firearms are also classified based on their intended uses, such as sporting, military, or self defense purposes. The classification system helps to effectively identify, differentiate, and understand different types of firearms.
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This document discusses primers and propellants used in firearms. It defines a primer as the chemical or device that initiates propellant combustion, propelling a projectile out of the gun barrel. There are two main types of primers: Boxer and Berdan. The primer contains an impact-sensitive lead styphnate igniter that ignites when struck by the firing pin. Propellants like black powder or smokeless powder fill the cartridge and generate gas pressure when ignited by the primer to push the bullet down the barrel. Forensic analysis of primers and propellants can help identify bullets and link firearms to crime scenes.
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This document discusses terminal ballistics and the different types of injuries caused by firearms. Terminal ballistics is the study of bullet behavior once it impacts the target. Factors like velocity, mass, size, and shape of the bullet affect the degree of injury. Rifled firearms can cause injuries at contact range (muzzle touching body), close shot (within flame distance), and distant shots over 50cm away. Shotgun wounds depend on range, with contact shots causing discoloration and burns and long range shots rarely being fatal. Entry wounds from firearms show more tissue destruction than exit wounds, which tend to be everted with split flaps. Specific injuries include abrasion collars, contusion collars, tattooing, and blackening
External ballistics
External ballistics deals with the flight path of a projectile from the moment it exits the barrel until impact with the target. The key factors that influence a projectile's trajectory are wind, vertical angle, and air density. Wind can cause horizontal deflection from crosswinds and vertical deflection from headwinds or tailwinds. The vertical angle of fire affects slant range and requires adjustments to hold-off points. Variations in air pressure, temperature, and humidity that determine air density also influence drag on the projectile and its trajectory.
Microscopy
The document discusses different types of microscopes, including compound microscopes and stereomicroscopes. It describes the key parts and principles of operation. Compound microscopes use multiple lenses to magnify specimens and provide a two-dimensional image. Stereomicroscopes use two optical paths to provide a three-dimensional view of surface details. Examples of uses include biology studies, forensics, manufacturing quality control, and more. The document also discusses who may have invented the compound microscope and provides references for further reading.
Chromatography
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures and involves dissolving the mixture in a mobile phase that carries it through a structure containing a stationary phase. It was first developed in 1900 by Russian scientist Mikhail Tsvet and involves the interaction between a mobile and stationary phase resulting in separation. Common types include paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and affinity chromatography. It has various applications in fields like clinical analysis, protein purification, forensic toxicology, and separation of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and more.
Glass fractures
The document discusses different types of glass and forensic analysis of glass evidence. It provides information on the physical, optical, and chemical properties of glass that can be analyzed forensically. Specific techniques mentioned include refractive index testing, density determination, microscopic analysis of fractures, and elemental analysis. The document also discusses how analysis of glass evidence can help reconstruct crime scenes and connect suspects to crimes by matching glass fragments.
Internal Ballistics
Internal ballistics is the study of what happens inside the barrel of a firearm from the moment of ignition until the projectile exits. When fired, the projectile is accelerated to high velocity by the burning of propellant gases trapped behind it in the barrel. There are three types of propellant powders - progressive powders increase burning surface as they burn, degressive powders decrease burning surface, and neutral powders maintain a constant burning surface.
More from Ketan Patil (20)
Recently uploaded
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Recently uploaded (20)
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
History of firearms
- 1. HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF FIREARMS SUBMITTED BY : SONAM GUPTA
- 2. THERE ARE 7 DEVELOPMENT PHASES IN THE FIREARMS, WHICH ARE 1.CANNON LOCK 2.MATCH LOCK 3.WHEEL LOCK 4.SNAPHAUNCE 5.FLINT LOCK 6.PERCUSSION SYSTEM 7.BREECHLOCK
- 3. EARLY CANNON
- 4. 2.MATCHLOCK • CONSTRUCTION,SAME AS HANDCANNON • SLOW BURNINGPIECEOF CORD,SOAKEDIN SALTPETRE IS USED TO IGNITEPRIMING CHARGE,HELD IN COVEREDHOOK • IGNITIONINITIATEDTHROUGHTOUCHHOLE,LIGHTED,GLOWINGEND OF THE MATCHLOWERSON A CONCAVEFLASH PAN, POWDER COMMUNICATESTHE FIRE TO MAIN CHARGE • ADVANTAGES • CANBE FIREDWITHONEAND OPPORTUNITYTO AIM IT • DISADVANTAGE • REQUIRESLOW BURNINGMATCHFOR IGNITION,NO SURPRISEATTACK • NO USE IN DAMP AND RAINYCONDITION • REVEALSSHOOTERSPOSITION
- 6. 1. CANNON LOCK :- 2. MADE UP OF IRON OR BRONZE FITTED TO A FRAME WITH METAL LEATHER THIS 3. WEAPONS WERE LOADED THROUGH MUZZLE END 4. A SMALL HOLE AT THE BREECH END IS PROVIDED WITH A PAN INTO WHICH A PRIMING CHARGE OF POWDER IS PLACED 5. FIRE FLASHES THROUGH TOUCH HOLE INTO MAIN POWDER TO DISCHARGE WEAPON 6. DISADVANTAGES 7. CLUMPSY,SLOW FIRE , DIFFICULT TO AIM 8. INACCURATE EXCEPT VERY CLOSE, RAIN DAMP WEATHER HAS ADVERSE EFFECT TO DISCHARGE WEAPON
- 7. 3.WHEEL LOCK • FRICTION WHEEL MECHANISM TO CAUSE A SPARK FOR FIRING • 1ST SELF IGNITION FIREARMS • IT’S NAME IS FROM ROTATING FIREARMS • DEVELOPED IN EUROPE AROUND 1500
- 9. 4.SNAPHAUNCE. • FIRST APPEARED AROUND 1570 AND WAS REALLY AN EARLY FORM OF FLINT LOCK • WORKED BY ATTACHING THE FLINT TO SPRING LOADED ARM • ADVANTAGE:- • MUCH SIMPLER AND LESS EXPENSIVE
- 11. 5.THE FLINT LOCK • IT IS GENERAL TERM FOR ANY FIREARMS THAT USES FLINT STRIKING IGNITION MECHANISM • IT IS INVENTED IN LONDON • RAPIDLY REPLACED EARLIER FIREARMS IGNITION TECHNOLOGY • ADVANTAGES:- INTRODUCED RIFLING DISADVANTAGE:-FLINT AND SPRING WEAR OUT OR BREAK
- 13. 6.PERCUSHION LOCK:- • INTRODUCED IN 1820,IS A TYPE OF SINGLE USE IGNITION DEVICE • IT WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE DISCOVERY OF A CHEMICAL COMPOUND CALLED MERCURIC FULMINATE HG(ONC)2 • USED A PERCUSSION CAP STRUCK BY THE HAMMER TO SET OFF THE MAIN CHARGE
- 15. 7.BREECH LOCK FIREARMS:- • TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE DESIGN OF A BREACH RELOADING FIREARMS ACTION • THE TERM IS IMPORTANT IN UNDERSTANDING HOW A SELF-RELOADING FIREARMS WORK • THE SOURCE OF POWER FOR THE MOVEMENT IS RECOIL