2. Today’s Warm-Up
Skeletal facts…
1. How many bones are in the average adult
human body?
2. How many bones does a baby have?
3. What/where is the longest bone on the body?
4. What/where is the smallest bone in the body?
206
The “femur” or thighbone
3 bones in the middle ear- stirrup, anvil & hammer
3. Structure and Function
The skeletal system includes bones and tissues
that are important for supporting, protecting, and
moving your body.
4. Parts of the skeletal system
• Bones (skeleton)
• Cartilage
• Joints: hold bones together
& mobility
• Ligaments & Tendons
6. • The appendicular skeleton includes legs,
arms, feet and hands.
– allows for movement
– includes bones called girdles that connect
limbs to body
7. • The axial skeleton includes the skull, rib
cage, and spinal column.
skull
rib
breastbone
vertebra
– supports body and protects
tissues
– allows for limited movement
8. – cushions bones
– allows for smooth movement
(damaged cartilage leads to
joint pain)
– connects two bones
– As you age much of your
cartilage is gradually broken
down & replaced by bone
• Cartilage is connective tissue between bones.
9. Bones connect to form joints.
• Joints are places where two bones meet.
• There are three types of joints.
– Immoveable or
fibrous, which does not
allow for movement
fibrous joint
10. Bones connect to form joints.
• Joints are places were two bones meet.
• There are three types of joints.
cartillage
– Semi-moveable or cartilaginous, which allows
partial movement
11. Bones connect to form joints.
– Moveable or synovial,
which allows for
greater movement
– Mostly found on the
appendicular skeleton
• Joints are places were two bones meet.
• There are three types of joints.
X-ray of a normal knee
13. • Ligaments are long bands of tissue that
connect bones across a joint.
ligament
Ligaments
14. Bones are living tissue.
• Bone is made of compact bone tissue and
spongy bone tissue.
Compact bone
Spongy bone
15.
16. • Compact bone is hard and dense.
– Osteocytes (bone cells) maintain compact
bone rings.
– Haversian canals allow blood vessels in the
bone.
osteocytes
blood vessel
Haversian canals
17. • Spongy bone protects red or yellow
bone marrow.
– Red bone marrow produces blood cells.
– Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat.
Periosteum
A layer of connective
tissue that covers bone
Red bone marrow
20. • They provide movement
and force.
• There are 3 types of
muscle tissue:
- skeletal,
- smooth,
- cardiac
• Muscle tissue is made up
of muscle fibers
• Most muscles work in pairs
Muscles make up the bulk of the body
and account for 1/3 of its weight.
21. What are muscles made of?
• Thousands, or
even tens of
thousands, of
small fibers make
up each muscle.
22. What do muscles do?
• The muscular system moves
substances throughout the body.
– bones of the skeletal system
– food through digestive system
– blood through circulatory system
– fluids through excretory system
23. – skeletal muscle
• There are three types of muscle tissue.
SKELETAL MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLESMOOTH MUSCLE
– smooth muscle
– cardiac muscle
24. Skeletal Muscles
• Skeletal muscles
attach to bones by
tendons (connective
tissue) and enable
movement.
• Skeletal muscles are
mostly voluntary
25. Skeletal Muscles
• Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons
(connective tissue) and enable movement.
Feel the back of
your ankle to find
your Achilles tendon
- the largest tendon
in your body.
26. – move food through digestive organs
– empty liquid from the bladder
– control width of blood vessels
• Smooth muscle lines organs and is
involuntary.
Smooth muscle around this artery
allows the artery to regulate blood
flowby shrinking and expanding.
SMOOTH MUSCLE
27. – pumps blood throughout body
– contains more mitochondria than skeletal
muscle cells
• Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart.
CARDIAC MUSCLE
28. How the Heart is Different
• How is the heart different
from other muscles?
– It is part of both the
Muscular System and the
Circulatory System.
– It is responsible for
circulating blood throughout
the body.
– It has its own pacemaker
for rhythmic beating.
29. muscle fiber
Muscles contract when the nervous
systems causes muscle filaments to
move.
• Muscle fibers are cells of the muscular
system.
muscle
30. Muscle pairs:
Muscles are grouped together in pairs on your
skeleton
Relaxed or contracted:
When one muscle of a pair contracts, the other
relaxes
Pulling muscles:
Skeletal muscles only pull in one direction. For this
reason they always come in pairs. When one muscle
in a pair contracts, to bend a joint for example, its
partner then contracts and pulls in the opposite
direction to straighten the joint out again.
31.
32. Today’s Warm-up
• Muscle Trivia…
• How many muscles are in the average adult
human body?
• What is the strongest muscle in the body?
• What is the largest muscle in the body?
Approximately 650
Debatable, but many say the masseter (jaw).
The gluteus maximus in your rear end (buttocks).
33. Today’s Close
• Here’s one flexible guy and strong
dude…
• In control of both his skeletal and
muscular systems…
Robot Dancing
Amazing Strength Break-Dancing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9JZbqoR0Kg
