The document provides an overview of the skeletal and muscular systems. It discusses that the skeletal system includes bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons. It notes there are 206 bones in the adult human body and more in infants. The document outlines the two parts of the skeletal system, named the axial and appendicular skeletons, and describes the three types of joints. It also summarizes the components and functions of the muscular system, including the three types of muscle tissue.

1. 03/25/14
1
The Skeletal
and
Muscular
Systems

2. Today’s Warm-Up
Skeletal facts…
1. How many bones are in the average adult
human body?
2. How many bones does a baby have?
3. What/where is the longest bone on the body?
4. What/where is the smallest bone in the body?
206
The “femur” or thighbone
3 bones in the middle ear- stirrup, anvil & hammer

3. Structure and Function
The skeletal system includes bones and tissues
that are important for supporting, protecting, and
moving your body.

4. Parts of the skeletal system
• Bones (skeleton)
• Cartilage
• Joints: hold bones together
& mobility
• Ligaments & Tendons

5. Your skeletal system is made up of
the appendicular and axial
skeletons.

6. • The appendicular skeleton includes legs,
arms, feet and hands.
– allows for movement
– includes bones called girdles that connect
limbs to body

7. • The axial skeleton includes the skull, rib
cage, and spinal column.
skull
rib
breastbone
vertebra
– supports body and protects
tissues
– allows for limited movement

8. – cushions bones
– allows for smooth movement
(damaged cartilage leads to
joint pain)
– connects two bones
– As you age much of your
cartilage is gradually broken
down & replaced by bone
• Cartilage is connective tissue between bones.

9. Bones connect to form joints.
• Joints are places where two bones meet.
• There are three types of joints.
– Immoveable or
fibrous, which does not
allow for movement
fibrous joint

10. Bones connect to form joints.
• Joints are places were two bones meet.
• There are three types of joints.
cartillage
– Semi-moveable or cartilaginous, which allows
partial movement

11. Bones connect to form joints.
– Moveable or synovial,
which allows for
greater movement
– Mostly found on the
appendicular skeleton
• Joints are places were two bones meet.
• There are three types of joints.
X-ray of a normal knee

12. Types of Synovial Joints

13. • Ligaments are long bands of tissue that
connect bones across a joint.
ligament
Ligaments

14. Bones are living tissue.
• Bone is made of compact bone tissue and
spongy bone tissue.
Compact bone
Spongy bone

16. • Compact bone is hard and dense.
– Osteocytes (bone cells) maintain compact
bone rings.
– Haversian canals allow blood vessels in the
bone.
osteocytes
blood vessel
Haversian canals

17. • Spongy bone protects red or yellow
bone marrow.
– Red bone marrow produces blood cells.
– Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat.
Periosteum
A layer of connective
tissue that covers bone
Red bone marrow

18. The Muscular System

19. Structure and Function
Muscles are tissues that can contract,
enabling movement.

20. • They provide movement
and force.
• There are 3 types of
muscle tissue:
- skeletal,
- smooth,
- cardiac
• Muscle tissue is made up
of muscle fibers
• Most muscles work in pairs
Muscles make up the bulk of the body
and account for 1/3 of its weight.

21. What are muscles made of?
• Thousands, or
even tens of
thousands, of
small fibers make
up each muscle.

22. What do muscles do?
• The muscular system moves
substances throughout the body.
– bones of the skeletal system
– food through digestive system
– blood through circulatory system
– fluids through excretory system

23. – skeletal muscle
• There are three types of muscle tissue.
SKELETAL MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLESMOOTH MUSCLE
– smooth muscle
– cardiac muscle

24. Skeletal Muscles
• Skeletal muscles
attach to bones by
tendons (connective
tissue) and enable
movement.
• Skeletal muscles are
mostly voluntary

25. Skeletal Muscles
• Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons
(connective tissue) and enable movement.
Feel the back of
your ankle to find
your Achilles tendon
- the largest tendon
in your body.

26. – move food through digestive organs
– empty liquid from the bladder
– control width of blood vessels
• Smooth muscle lines organs and is
involuntary.
Smooth muscle around this artery
allows the artery to regulate blood
flowby shrinking and expanding.
SMOOTH MUSCLE

27. – pumps blood throughout body
– contains more mitochondria than skeletal
muscle cells
• Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart.
CARDIAC MUSCLE

28. How the Heart is Different
• How is the heart different
from other muscles?
– It is part of both the
Muscular System and the
Circulatory System.
– It is responsible for
circulating blood throughout
the body.
– It has its own pacemaker
for rhythmic beating.

29. muscle fiber
Muscles contract when the nervous
systems causes muscle filaments to
move.
• Muscle fibers are cells of the muscular
system.
muscle

30. Muscle pairs:
Muscles are grouped together in pairs on your
skeleton
Relaxed or contracted:
When one muscle of a pair contracts, the other
relaxes
Pulling muscles:
Skeletal muscles only pull in one direction. For this
reason they always come in pairs. When one muscle
in a pair contracts, to bend a joint for example, its
partner then contracts and pulls in the opposite
direction to straighten the joint out again.

32. Today’s Warm-up
• Muscle Trivia…
• How many muscles are in the average adult
human body?
• What is the strongest muscle in the body?
• What is the largest muscle in the body?
Approximately 650
Debatable, but many say the masseter (jaw).
The gluteus maximus in your rear end (buttocks).

33. Today’s Close
• Here’s one flexible guy and strong
dude…
• In control of both his skeletal and
muscular systems…
Robot Dancing
Amazing Strength Break-Dancing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9JZbqoR0Kg