The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, and other functions for the body. It consists of both long bones and short bones, including those in the limbs, spine, skull, and pelvis. The skeletal system also produces blood cells and stores minerals. There are over 200 bones in the human body that can be classified by shape and location into groups like long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton makes up about 14% of the total body weight and reaches maximum density around age 21
Skeletal system. anatomy and physiology of skeletal system. appendicular skel...mamtabisht10
SKELETAL SYSTEM
bones, cartilage and ligaments are tightly joined to form a strong, flexible framework called skeletal system
anatomy and physiology of axial and appendicular skeletal system
Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton:
The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.
Tissues, types and functions(Anatomy)- Easy explanationSwatilekha Das
Easy explanation on Tissues , types of tissues and functions of tissues with pictures.......
Easy anatomy topic for 1 st yera GNM and B.Sc nursing students.....
The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body. It is composed of around 270 bones at birth – this total decreases to around 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together. The bone mass in the skeleton makes up about 14% of the total body weight and reaches maximum density around age 21
Skeletal system. anatomy and physiology of skeletal system. appendicular skel...mamtabisht10
SKELETAL SYSTEM
bones, cartilage and ligaments are tightly joined to form a strong, flexible framework called skeletal system
anatomy and physiology of axial and appendicular skeletal system
Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton:
The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.
Tissues, types and functions(Anatomy)- Easy explanationSwatilekha Das
Easy explanation on Tissues , types of tissues and functions of tissues with pictures.......
Easy anatomy topic for 1 st yera GNM and B.Sc nursing students.....
lymphatic system, a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of vessels, tissues, and organs. The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance in the body by collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in the bloodstream
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction.
Tissues- types and functions, glands and membranes bhartisharma175
it consist of tissues their types, glands and membranes. it also consist of colorful images which will help the students to identify and differentiate the different types of tissues from one another. different types of glands and membranes are also explained with the help of images.
. Definition of Tissues Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. In other words, it is a group of cells working together mainly inside an organ.
3. Classification of Tissues Human body is composed of 4 basic types of tissue: •Epithelial tissue •Connective tissue •Muscular tissue •Nervous tissue
4. Origin of Tissue A fertilized egg divides to produce 3 primary germ cell layers. These layers differentiate to form the tissues of the body.
5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial cells cover or line all body surfaces, cavities and tubes. So, These are called covering epithelia. Epithelial cells form the functional units of secretory glands. So, These are called glandular epithelia.
The blood vessels are the components of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body. These vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to the tissues of the body. They also take waste and carbon dioxide away from the tissues.
The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and muscles, which form a framework for the body. Tendons, ligaments and fibrous tissue bind the structures together to create stability, with ligaments connecting bone to bone, and tendons connecting muscle to bone.
lymphatic system, a subsystem of the circulatory system in the vertebrate body that consists of a complex network of vessels, tissues, and organs. The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance in the body by collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in the bloodstream
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction.
Tissues- types and functions, glands and membranes bhartisharma175
it consist of tissues their types, glands and membranes. it also consist of colorful images which will help the students to identify and differentiate the different types of tissues from one another. different types of glands and membranes are also explained with the help of images.
. Definition of Tissues Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. In other words, it is a group of cells working together mainly inside an organ.
3. Classification of Tissues Human body is composed of 4 basic types of tissue: •Epithelial tissue •Connective tissue •Muscular tissue •Nervous tissue
4. Origin of Tissue A fertilized egg divides to produce 3 primary germ cell layers. These layers differentiate to form the tissues of the body.
5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial cells cover or line all body surfaces, cavities and tubes. So, These are called covering epithelia. Epithelial cells form the functional units of secretory glands. So, These are called glandular epithelia.
The blood vessels are the components of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body. These vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to the tissues of the body. They also take waste and carbon dioxide away from the tissues.
The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and muscles, which form a framework for the body. Tendons, ligaments and fibrous tissue bind the structures together to create stability, with ligaments connecting bone to bone, and tendons connecting muscle to bone.
Explore the mysteries of our skeletal system and delve into the fascinating stories behind our bones. Uncover the unique characteristics of our skeletons and understand how they protect our bodies and provide us with mobility.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
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Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
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2. DEFINITION-
The skeletal system is the structural
framework that supports a body. It also
provides protection for a soft tissues and
internal organs and serves as an attachment
for the body's muscles that push against it
and apply force, resulting in movement.
3. Support and protects of soft tissues and vital
organs.
To give attachment to muscles.
Formation of red blood corpuscles in the
bone marrow.
Storage of mineral salts like phosphorus and
calcium.
4. 1. Long bone-
They found in the limbs. A long bone contains shaft
and two extremities.
e.g. Humerus, femur
5. 2. SHORT BONE-
These have no shaft, but they contain a spongy
substance covered by a shell of compact bone.
e.g. Wrist, ankel.
6. 3. Flat bone-
Flat bones are as they sound, strong, flat plates of
bone with the main function of providing
protection to the bodies vital organs and being a
base for muscular attachment.
E.g. Scapula (shoulder blade), Sternum (breast
bone).
7. 4.Irregular bone-
These are bones in the body which do not fall into any other
category, due to their non-uniform shape. They primarily
consist of cancellous bone, with a thin outer layer of compact
bone.
E.g. Vertebrae, Mandible etc.
8. 5.Sesasmoid bone-
Sesasmoid bones are usually short or irregular bones,
embedded in a tendon. The most obvious example of
this is the Patella.
10. Ossification, or osteogenesis, is the process of bone
formation by osteoblasts.
Ossification is distinct from the process of
calcification; whereas calcification takes place during
the ossification of bones, it can also occur in other
tissues.
.
11. Ossification begins approximately six weeks after fertilization
in an embryo. Bone growth continues until approximately age
25.
Bones can grow in thickness throughout life, but after age 25,
ossification functions primarily in bone remodeling and repair
Long bones continue to lengthen (potentially throughout
adolescence) through the addition of bone tissue at the
epiphyseal plate.
12.
13. Each long bone has an elongated shaft or
diaphysis and two expanded ends (epiphyses)
which are smooth and articular.
The shaft typically has 3 surfaces separated
by 3 borders, a central medullary cavity, a
nutrient foramen and periostium directed
away from the growing end.
Limb bones are typical long bones.
14.
15. C R A N I U M
T h o r a c i c b o n e
F a c i a l b o n e
V e r t e b r a l c o l u m n
A p p e n d i c u l a r s k e l e t o n
16. It consist of 8 bones:
a. One frontal bone
b. Two parietal bone
c. Two temporal bone
d. One occipital bone
e. One sphenoid bone
f. One ethmoid bone
18. The bones which make the face are14 in number.
These are-
1. Two maxillae (upper jaw)
2. One mandible (lower jaw)
3. Two palate bones
4. Two zygomatic bones
5. Two lacrimal bones
6. Two nasal bones
7. Two inferior conchae bones
8. One vomer
19. The skeleton of thorax is made up of the
following bone-
1. Sternum in the front
2. Twelve pairs of ribs
3. Twelve thoracic vertebrae
20. Sternum: It is also called Breast bone. It is a
flat bone which is divided into three parts
namely-
a. Manubrium sterni
b. Body of sternum
c. Xiphoid bone
21. RIBS- They are arranged in 12 pairs, on the back
side, all of them are attached to thoracic vertebrae.
Depending on their attachment in the front, they are
classified as:
a. True ribs- They are upper five pairs, and
are attached to sternum directly.
b. False ribs-They are lower five pairs, and are
attached to the sternum indirectly.(through costal
cartilages).
c. Floating ribs- Lowest two pairs. They are not
attached in front.
22.
23. The vertebral column is made up of number of bones.
These bones are called vertebrae. These are 33 in no.
24. Classification of vertebrae- According to the
region they occupy:
1. Cervical vertebrae- 7 in no. They form the neck.
2. Thoracic vertebrae- 12 in no. they form back of
thorax.
3. Lumbar vertebrae- 5 in no. they form lumbar
region.
4. Sacral vertebrae- 5 in no. they form sacrum.
5. Coccygeal vertebrae- 4 in no. they form coccyx.
25. A body which is a box shaped anterior part. It is slightly
concave in the upper and lower surface.
Neural arch which is the posterior part.
Two transverse processes, one on each side. They lie in the
junction between pedicle and lamina.
One spinous process which is a backward projection.
Neural canal which is a circular opening. The spinal cord is
passing through this.
26.
27. The pelvic girdle is the connection between
the trunk and lower extremities. It is formed
by 4 bones-
a. Two inominate bones, one on each side
b. Sacrum
c. Coccyx
28.
29.
30. SCAPULA- It lie at the back of thorax. It forms
the posterior part of shoulder girdle.
31. Clavicle- It is also called as collar bone. It is
long and curved bone. It form the anterior
part of shoulder girdle.
32. Humerus- It is the longest bone of upper
limb. It contains shaft and two extremities.
33. Ulna- it is the inner most bone of forearm. It
contains two extremities and a shaft
34. Radius-It is the lateral or outer most bone of
forearm. It contains two extremities and a
shaft.
35. Bones of hand and wrist-
Bones of wrist/ carple are arranged in two row.
They are-
1. Proximal row- It is made of :
a. Scaphoid
b. Lunate
c. Triquetral
d.pisiform bones
2. Distal row- It is made up of-
a.trapezium
b.trapezoid,
c.capitate
d.hamate bone.
36.
37. Bones of palm-
They are made of metacarple bones. They
are long bones which contain a head, a
shaft and a base. The base is articulate with
the distal row of carple bone.
38. Bones of finger- They are made up of
phalangial bones. The thumb has two
phalanges. Other finger has three phalanges.
They are proximal, middle, and distal.
39. Bones of lower limb:
1.Femure- It is also called as thigh bone. It is
the longest and strongest bone of the
skeleton. It contains two extremities and a
shaft.
40. 2. Patella- It is sesamoid bone. Developed in
the tendons of quadriceps femoris muscle.
41. 3. Tibia- It is the innermost bone of the leg. It
is long bone containing two extremities and a
shaft.
4. Fibula- It is the lateral and outermost bone
of the leg. It also contain two extremities and
a shaft.
42. Bones of foot can be classified as:
1. Tarsal bones (7 bones)
2. Metatarsal bones (5 bones)
3. Phalangial bones (14 bones)