The excretory system removes waste from the body through various organs like the lungs, liver, skin, and urinary system. The lungs release carbon dioxide and water, the liver removes urea, the skin secretes sweat containing water, salts, and urea, and the urinary system filters blood in the kidneys and removes urine containing water, salts, and urea through the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Common diseases include kidney stones from dietary and infection causes, urinary tract infections from bacteria, and bladder cancer which can result from smoking or chemical exposure.

1. The Excretory
System

2. The Excretory System
is a passive biological
system that removes
excess, unnecessary
materials from an
organism.

3. The Excretory System
Excretion is the removal
of metabolic wastes from
the body, including toxic
chemicals, excess water,
carbon dioxide and salts.

4. Functions:
1.Metabolic and toxic
wastes removal
2.Collect water and filter
body fluids

5. Functions:
3.Helps maintain
Homeostasis (stable
internal state of the body)

6. Functions:
4.Eradicates harmful
chemical build-
ups

7. Metabolic Wastes
Waste A by product of :
carbon dioxide Cellular respiration
salts Neutralization
urea Protein metabolism,
Deamination
water Dehydration
synthesis and
respiration

8. Metabolic Wastes
Waste A by product of :
carbon
dioxide
Cellular
respiration
salts Neutralization

9. Metabolic Wastes
Waste A by product of :
urea Protein metabolism,
Deamination
water Dehydration
synthesis &
respiration

10. Excretory Organs
Lungs
Liver
Skin
Urinary
system

11. Lungs
 A pair of cone-shaped, porous and spongy, located
in the chest that are composed of bronchioles, alveoli,
blood vessels, lymphatic, nerves and elastic connective
tissues.
 As an excretory organ, it releases carbon dioxide
and some water vapor as a waste product through
respiration.

12. Lungs
A pair of cone-shaped,
porous and spongy, located
in the chest that are
composed of bronchioles,
alveoli, blood vessels,
lymphatic, nerves and
elastic connective tissues.

13. Lungs
As an excretory organ, it
releases carbon dioxide
and some water vapor as a
waste product through
respiration.

14. The Lungs

16. Liver
Function is for
deamination

17. Liver
A process by which some
proteins & other nitrogenous
compounds are broken
down in the liver.

18. The Liver

19. Skin
Secretes sweat which is a
mixture of three metabolic
wastes: water, salts,& urea
through the sweat glands.

20. Urinary System
A group of organs in the
body concerned with
filtering out excess fluid
and other substances
from the bloodstream.

21. Urination is the act by
which urine (combination
of salt, water, and urea), is
expelled from the urinary
bladder

22. Functions
Excretion of urine
Maintains an appropriate
fluid volume

23. Functions
Regulates the
concentrations of various
electrolytes in the body
fluids
Maintains normal pH of
the blood

24. Components of the Urinary
System Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra

26. Kidneys
A pair of bean shaped,
reddish brown organs
about the size of your fist.
Measures 10-12cm in
length, 5-7cm wide, and 2-
5cm thick.
Site of urine manufacture

27. Kidneys
Functions:
filter blood ,
process the filtrate to
form urine,

28. Kidneys
produce hormones and
enzymes that regulate
blood pressure and red
blood cell production
regulate blood pH.

29. 3 Major Regions
Renal Cortex
-The outer layer with lots
and lots of nephrons
-The filtering layer

30. 3 Major Regions
Renal Medulla
-Middle layer
- The Collecting layer
-Contains the Renal
Pyramids

31. 3 Major Regions
Renal Pelvis
-Center of the kidney
-The Draining Layer
-Connects with the ureters

33. Nephrons
The basic structural and
functional unit of the
kidney
A long tubule with a series
of associated blood
vessels

34. Nephrons
Chief function is to
regulate water and soluble
substances
Each kidney has more
than 1,000,000 of them

35. Nephrons
Each nephron is made of
a cup shaped portion
called Bowman’s
capsule, tubules and a
network of capillaries.

37. How is urine formed ?
Three major processes
are involved in the
formation of urine:
filtration -filters the
blood to produce a filtrate

38. How is urine formed ?
reabsorption -
selectively reabsorbs
needed water and
essential solutes from
the filtrate

39. How is urine formed ?
secretion - moves
substances into the
filtrate for removal as part
of the urine

40. Two tubes that drain urine
from the kidneys to the
bladder
Ureters

41. Each is a muscular tube
about 10 inches (25 cm) in
length and 3mm in
diameter.
Ureters

43. Urinary Bladder
The urinary bladder is
the organ that collects
urine excreted by the
kidneys prior to disposal
by urination.

44. Urinary Bladder
The urinary bladder is
the organ that collects
urine excreted by the
kidneys prior to disposal
by urination.

45. Urinary Bladder
It is a hollow muscular,
and distensible (or
elastic) organ, and sits
on the pelvic floor.
can hold approximately
(500 to 530 ml) of urine.

47. Urethra
A tube which connects the
urinary bladder to the
outside of the body
The function of the urethra
is to remove urine from the
body through urination

48. Urethra
It measures about 1.5
inches (3.8 cm) in a
woman but up to 8 inches
(20 cm) in a man.

49. Urethra
The urethral sphincter is
a collective name for the
muscles used to control
the flow of urine from the
urinary bladder.

51. Common Diseases of
the Excretory System

52. Kidney Stones
(Nephrolithiasis)
Hard masses that form in
the urinary tract from
crystals that have
separated from the urine.

53. Kidney Stones
(Nephrolithiasis)
Causes:
Dietary factors
Recurrent UT

54. Kidney Stones
(Nephrolithiasis)
•Symptoms:
Extreme Pain
Cramping in the back and
lower abdomen

55. Kidney Stones

58. Urinary Tract Infection
(UTI)
A bacterial infection that
affects part of the urinary
tract.

59. Urinary Tract Infection
(UTI)
Causes:
◦Bacteria from the bowel
that live on the skin near
the rectum or in the
vagina.

60. Urinary Tract Infection
(UTI)
•Symptoms:
•Painful urination
•Frequent urination or
urge to urinate (or both)
•Fever
•Flank Pain

61. Acne(Acne vulgaris)
Kind of skin disorder
that occurs when the oil
glands in the skin are,
such as affected by
bacteria.

62. Acne(Acne vulgaris)
Causes:
◦Hormone changes
Most acne form on
the face, neck, back,
chest, and shoulders.

63. Bladder Cancer
A type of malignancy
arising from epithelial
lining of the urinary
bladder

64. Bladder Cancer
Causes:
Smoking
Chemical exposures
Improper Diet

65. Bladder Cancer
Symptoms:
Blood in the urine
Frequent urination
Feeling the need to
urinate without
results