The document discusses the evolution of microprocessors from 1971 to 2010. It describes each new microprocessor generation including the year introduced, number of bits, clock speed, number of transistors, memory size, and key features. Major milestones include the first 4-bit microprocessor in 1971, the 8-bit processors in the 1970s, the 16-bit 8086 in 1978, early 32-bit processors in the 1980s and 1990s, and 64-bit processors after 2006 with increasing cores, cache, and transistors.

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3. Suprio Barua EEE00605339
Md. Sha Ole Ullah EEE00605340
Touhidul Islam Tipu EEE00605364
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5. Year of introduction 1971
4-bit microprocessor
4 KB main memory
45 instructions
PMOS technology
was first programmable
device which was used in
calculators
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6. Year of introduction 1972
8-bit version of 4004
16 KB main memory
48 instructions
PMOS technology
Slow
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7. Year of introduction 1973
8-bit microprocessor
64 KB main memory
2 microseconds clock
500,000 instructions/sec
10X faster than 8008
NMOS technology
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8. Introduced in 1976.
It was also 8-bit μP.
Its clock speed was 3
MHz.
It had 6,500
transistors.
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9. Year of introduction 1978 for
8086
16-bit microprocessors
1 MB main memory
400 nanoseconds clock cycle
time
6 byte instruction cache for
8086 and 4 byte for 8088
In 1981 IBM decided to use 8088
in its personal computer
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10. Introduced in 1986.
It was first 32-bit μP.
It could address 4 GB of
memory.
It had 2,75,000
transistors.
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11.  Introduced in 1989.
 It was also 32-bit μP.
 It had 1.2 million
transistors.
 Its clock speed varied
from 16 MHz to 100
MHz depending upon
the various versions.
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12.  Introduced in 1993.
 32-bit μP.
 Originally named
80586.
 Clock speed 66 MHz.
 Address memory 4GB.
 Could execute 110
million
instructions per second.
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13.  Introduced in 1995.
 It was also 32-bit μP.
 It had 21 million
transistors.
 It was primarily used in
server systems.
 Cache memory:
 8 KB for instructions.
 8 KB for data.
 It had L2 cache of 256
KB.
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14.  Introduced in 1997.
 It was also 32-bit μP.
 Its clock speed was
233MHz to 500 MHz.
 Could execute 333
million
instructions per second.
 L2 cache & processor
were on one circuit.
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15.  Introduced in 1999.
 32-bit μP.
 clock speed varied
from 500 MHz to 1.4
GHz.
 It had 9.5 million
transistors
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16.  Introduced in 2000.
 It was also 32-bit μP.
 Its clock speed was
from 1.3 GHz to 3.8
GHz.
 L1 cache was of 32 KB
& L2 cache of 256 KB.
 It had 42 million
transistors.
 All internal connections
were made from
aluminium to copper.
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17.  Introduced in 2006.
 It is 32-bit & 64-bit μP.
 It has two cores.
 Both the cores have
there own internal bus
and L1 cache, but share
the external bus and L2
cache.
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18.  Introduced in 2006.
 It is a 64-bit μP.
 Its clock speed is from 1.2
GHz to 3 GHz.
 It has 291 million
transistors.
 It has 64 KB of L1 cache
per core and 4 MB of L2
cache.
 It is launched in three
different versions:
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19.  Introduced in 2008.
 It is a 64-bit μP.
 It has 4 physical cores.
 Its clock speed is from
2.66 GHz to 3.33 GHz.
 It has 781 million
transistors.
 It has 64 KB of L1
cache per core, 256 KB
of L2 cache and 8 MB of
L3 cache.
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20.  Introduced in 2010.
 It is a 64-bit μP.
 It has 2 physical cores.
 Its clock speed is from
2.93 GHz to 3.33 GHz.
 It has 781 million
transistors.
 It has 64 KB of L1
cache per core, 512 KB
of L2 cache and 4 MB of
L3 cache.
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