Rocks are composed of minerals and come in three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from solidified magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediment. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks by heat, pressure, and chemical reactions. These three rock types are continuously transforming into one another through geological processes in the rock cycle.

1. 3.1 The Rock Cycle

2. 
 Rocks are solids made of one or more minerals
 There are three types of rocks:
 1. Igneous
 2. Sedimentary
 3. Metamorphic
Together they made up the study of GEOLOGY
How do these connect to Earth and Space Science?
BIG IDEA

3. 
 They occupy 5/6 of the Earth’s Volume
 They make up 2/3 of the Earth’s Mass
 The oldest rocks are meteorites
 They are 4.5 billion years old
SPACE AND TIME

4. 
 The three types of rocks are INTERCONNECTED
through the ROCK CYCLE
FORCES AND MOTION

5. 
 The appearance of a rock is affected by several factors:
 What elements it’s made from
 Rate of cooling
 They way it’s compacted
 Amount of Heat and Pressure
 Exposure to types of hot fluids
Matter and Energy

6. 
 Rocks are like TIME MACHINES!
 By analyzing their characteristics we can learn about
conditions that existed on Earth long ago.
Earth as a System

7. 
 James Bond Island, in Phuket,
Thailand
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=sUscvHqHkmg
Rocks are so cool they
make it into famous
movies!

8.  Find a cool rock from anywhere in the world
1. Write the name
2. Where in the world it is
3. Include a picture
4. What include the type of rock it is (igneous, sedimentary, or
metamorphic)
ePortfolio: This will be your artifact for the class.
Your Task

9. 
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d68yRIE9OvQ
Back to the future, 2015?

10. 
Rocks =
COOL TIME
MACHINES
In conclusion…

11. 
1.
2.
3.1 The Rock Cycle

12. 
 A rock is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-like
matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet
 Three types of rock are:
1.
2.
3.
Definition

13. 
 When the systems interact, they cause rocks to change from
one type to another. This is called the Rock Cycle
System Interactions

14. 
 Rock Brothers
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lyCYXXIHT0
Video and Worksheet

15. 
 Using the textbook (pg. 67) re-create the rock cycle
 Show all the connections that can be made from one
part of the rock cycle to the other
 When finished, answer this question:
Question: Can a sedimentary rock become an igneous
rock without changing first to a metamorphic rock?
Explain
Putting the Rock Cycle
Together

16. 
 1. What enables rocks to take alternate paths
 2. Where does the energy that powers The Rock
Cycle come from?
 ePortfolio work:
 1. Upload your image of the Rock Cycle
 2. Two questions from 3.1
Exceeding Questions

17. 
 1. What are the three types of rocks?
 2. Place the rocks in the correct order in the rock
cycle
 3. What are the two types of Igneous Rocks?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MYAFfeNO0
0
3.1 Review

18. 
 Goals for the class:
 1. Compare Extrusive and Intrusive Igneous Rocks
 2. Demonstrate how the rate of cooling affects and igneous
rock’s texture
 3. Classify Igneous rocks according to texture and
composition
3.2 Igneous Rocks

19. 
INSTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE
Definition:
Intrude means…
How they form:
Example:
Definition:
Extrude means…
How they form:
Example:
Goal 1: Comparing
Igneous Rocks
• Page 71 of the Textbook
• Read about Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous Rocks and complete
The table. Use the heading as a guide.

20.  As Magma rises from the depths underground, it cools
 As it cools, elements combine and form minerals
 These minerals grow in size and become a solid mass of
interlocking crystals.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrN7jygu4cQ
Goal 2: Rate of cooling in
Igneous Rocks
EXTRUSIVE INTRUSIVE

21. 
 Extrusive and Intrusive Igneous rocks have different
appearances.
 How can we group them?
 at: Texture (what it feels like)
Composition (what it’s made from)
Textures: Coarse-grained, fine-grained, glassy, porphyritic
Compositions: Granitic, Basaltic, Andesitic, Ultramafic
Goal 3: Classification

22. 
 Use the table provided to describe the different textures
and compositions
 Textbook Reference: Page 71-72
Homework: 3.1, 3.2 ePortfolio Questions
Formative Quiz: Sunday
That means it does not go on Portal but it let’s me know if
you’re doing your work and if you understand the material.
Describing Texture and
Composition