ABC Science Terminology

1. ABC
Book of Science
Terms
BY: SANDRA CHAVEZ
ELED 412
JULY 3, 2015

2. Aa
Atoms
 Atoms is made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons.
It’s located in the nucleus that is made up of protons
and neutrons.

3. Bb
Balance
 There is a balance within producers, consumers, and
decomposers in order for an ecosystem to function. This
relies on natural ways to control populations of living
organisms and maintains through competition and
predation.

4. Cc
Carbon Cycle
 Carbon cycle is part of the nutrient cycle. The carbon
cycle is the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by plants
to make glucose. The glucose is used as food for the
plants and organisms, it is digested, then by respiration,
broken apart again into carbon dioxide and returned
back to the atmosphere.

5. Dd
Density
 Density is how a physical property feels and
looks. It is the mass that is contained in a unit of
volume of a given substance.

6. Ee
Ecology
 Ecology is the biological environment that describes living and
nonliving organisms in the physical part. The three main components
of ecosystem:
 Producers
 Consumers
 Decomposers

7. Ff
Force
Force is the physical science of
moving an object by pulling or
pushing it.

8. Gg
Gravity
 Gravity is a force attraction between two
objects and keeps inhabitants drifting into
space.

9. Hh
Humidity
 Humidity is a measure of the percentage of water that is
in the air. Dew point is the temperature for when the air
needs to be for the water to condense out of the air in
liquid form as precipitation or as known as “dew”.
 The water vapor will turn to liquid water as temperatures
drop overnight which is dew.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMPoiHppfpo

10. Ii
Igeneous Rocks
 It’s a type of rock that is a crystalline solid that forms from
the cooling of magma or lava. Granite is the most
common from this type of igneous rock.

11. Jj
Jewelry
 This type of rock is made up of minerals from the earth’s
crust that is found by nature broken off from rocks. Such
jewelry can be as gemstones of diamonds, emeralds,
opals, and amethysts.

12. Kk
Kingdoms
 The following are living things that are classified into five groups that
are also known as kingdoms:
 Monera (bacteria)
 Protista (protozoans)
 Fungai
 Plantae(plants)
 Animalia (animals)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9-Ks474dxA

13. Ll
Learning Cycle
 The learning cycle is an active hands-on process characterized by
investigation and discovery. This helps develop higher order thinking
skills.
 The learning cycle consists of a 5-E Model:
 Engage
 Explore
 Explain
 Elaborate
 Evaluate

14. Mm
Magnetism
 Magnetism is the force of attraction or repulsion
between objects that results from the positive and
negative ionic charges of the objects. Those objects are
metals, iron, nickel, and cobalt. Magnets have opposing
charges of force, north (+) and south (-).

15. Nn
Newton’s Law of Motion
 There are 3 types of Newton’s Law:
 First Law is called inertia,
 Second Law is acceleration
 Third Law is for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QffUhiX2uSg

16. Oo
Open circuit & Closed Circuit
 An Open circuit is when there is a break someplace in
the flow of electricity through the circuit.
 For example: if a switch is off it opens the circuit and
stops the electricity flow.
 A closed circuit is when the metal parts are touching
and the charge is continuing to be transferring through
the circuits.

17. Pp
Principles of Energy
 There are three different states of energy that includes: heat, light,
solar radiation, chemical, electrical, magnetic, sound, and
mechanical energy.
 Kinetic Energy
 Potential Energy
 Activation Energy

18. Qq
First Quater
 This is part of the moon phases and during this
stage half of the moon is visible to see in the
night sky.

19. Rr
Rotation
 Rotation describes the spinning of the earth on
it’s axis. It takes approximately 24 hours to make
a complete 360 degrees rotation, which creates
day and night.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLl8sDZRSYg

20. Ss
Simple Machines
 Simple Machines- has a few or no moving parts and can
change the size and direction of force.

21. Tt
Tectonic Plates
 The surface of the earth is fragmented into large
plates that are moving continuously against
each other and causes earthquakes, volcanoes,
and creation of mountains.

22. Uu
Understand Energy Transformation of
Electricity.
 The electricity that we use today is from a natural source
of energy like fossil fuels that are nonrenewable and
nuclear.
 Another type of source is renewable that use wind and
solar energy.

23. Vv
Volcanoe
 Volcanoe are formed by the change in motion of tectonic plates.
This creates pressure, forces magma from the mantel to escape to
the surface, and creating and explosion of lava, fire, and ash. The
pressure of the magma and gases creates a small cone that grows
to form a mountain-like volcano.

24. Ww
Water Cycle
 The water cycle consists of the heat of the sun evaporates he water
and takes it to the atmosphere, which is condensation, and it falls as
precipitation. As precipitation falls, water is filtered back to
underground water deposits called aquifers, or it runs off in lakes,
ponds, and oceans.

25. Xx
Exfoliation
 There are three main forces that changes the earth’s
surface which is weathering, geological movements,
and the creation of glaciers.
 In weathering process the Exfoliation occurs in places
like the desert when the soil is exposed first to high
temperatures, which cause it to expand, and then to
cold temperatures, which make the soil contract. This
causes the outer layers of rock to peel off.

26. Yy
Solar SYstem
 This system is based on nine planets, satellites that orbit
planets, comets and asteroids. They all evolve around
the sun as being the center.

27. Zz
Freeze-Thaw
 This is another force that changes the surface of the
earth. The Freeze-Thaw breaks down rock when water
gets into rock joints or cracks and then freezes and
expands, breaking the rock. A similar process occurs
when water containing salt crystals gets into the rock.
Once the water evaporates, the crystals expand and
break the rock. This process is called salt-crystal growth.