Types of rocks and Examlples, Rock Cycle,

1. ROCKS

2. Talk Outline
• What are Rocks? What are Minerals?
• Types of Rocks
– Igneous Rocks
• Extrusive
• Intrusive
• Igneous Rocks Identification
– Sedimentary Rocks
– Metamorphic Rocks
• The Rock Cycle
• Conclusion

3. What are Rocks? What are Minerals?

4. What are Rocks? What are Minerals?
• made up one or more minerals pure (made of same substance)
• no definite shape have some shape
• some have fossils no fossils
• color is not same

5. Types of Rocks
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

6. Igneous Rocks
• Fire Rocks
• Magma (or molten rocks)
• Cooling and solidification

7. Igneous Rocks

8. Extrusive Igneous Rocks
• Volcanic
• Fine-grained
• Cooling and solidifying quickly
• Basalt, Rhyolite (sialic), Andesite,

9. Extrusive Igneous Rocks

10. Intrusive Igneous Rocks
• Plutonic
• Coarse-Grained
• Cool slowly
• Granite, Diorite, Gabbro

11. Intrusive Igneous Rocks

12. Igneous Rocks Identification
• Granite (& Rhyolite)
▫ High in Si + O
▫ Low in Fe + Mg
▫ Mostly feldspar & quartz
▫ Light-colored
• Basalt (& Gabbro)
▫ Low in Si + O
▫ High in Fe + Mg
▫ no quartz, abundant ferromagnesian minerals
▫ Dark colored
• Andesite (& Diorite- intermediate)

13. The Rock Cycle

14. Sedimentary Rocks
• Sediments are compacted and cemented together
• Caused by weathering, erosion and deposition
• Often contain fossils
• Sandstone, limestone, chalk and coal

15. Sedimentary Rocks
• Wind and water break down the earth
• Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers
• Layers are formed and build up
• Pressure and time turn the layers to rock
How They are Made ?

16. Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone

17. Limestone
Sedimentary Rocks

18. Sedimentary Rocks
Chalk

19. Metamorphic Rocks
• «Morphed» or changed
• Once igneous or sedimentary
• Formed by high pressure and heat

20. Metamorphic Rocks
Granite Gneiss
Igneous Metamorphic
It’s morphin time

21. Metamorphic Rocks
Shale Slate
Igneous Metamorphic
It’s morphin time

22. In Conclusion,
• Made from minerals
• 3 different groups
• Rock cycle