Cilia are tiny hairs protruding from cells that wave mucus and remove toxins from the respiratory tract. Cigarette smoke damages cilia, preventing mucus clearance and causing smoker's cough. Flagella are tails powered by molecular motors that propel some prokaryotes by alternating between forward movement and tumbling, while others have a single rotating flagellum for locomotion. Chemotaxis is cellular movement toward or away from chemicals, with positive chemotaxis referring to movement toward a liked chemical.

1. Cell Movement –
Flagella and Cilia
Cilia are tiny hairs coming from the
cell, made of microtubules. They can
waft mucus past the cell, carrying
away dust and toxins.
Cilia
Mucus

2. Ciliated cells lining the breathing passages. Cigarette smoke burns the cilia
away, so the mucus does not get moved up, leading to ‘smoker’s cough’

3. Flagella are tails
powered by tiny
molecular motors

4. Flagella are grouped in some prokaryotes, letting them
move forward then do a ‘tumble turn’…

5. …others only have 1 flagellum that they use to move
around, it can rotate both ways or just one way

6. Chemotaxis
This means
movement
towards or away
from a chemical

7. Positive
Chemotaxis
The cell will move towards the chemical it likes

8. Which diagram shows:
Positive
chemotaxis?
Negative
chemotaxis?
No chemotaxis?