This document describes rocks and the rock cycle. It defines rocks as mixtures of minerals or organic matter. The rock cycle describes how rocks constantly form from old rock material and change from one type to another through geological processes like weathering, erosion, deposition, heat, and pressure. These processes shape Earth's features and influence the types of rocks found in different areas. Rocks are classified into three main types - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - based on their composition and texture.

1. Rocks: mineral mixturesEarth ScienceChapter 2.1

2. Objectives:Describetwo ways rocks have been used by humans.Describefour processes that shape Earth’s features.Describe how each type of rock changes into another type as it moves through the rock cycle.List two characteristics of rock that are used to help classify it.

3. The Rock CycleRocknaturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matterNew rock forms from old rock material constantlyRock cycleThe series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes

5. The Value of RockImportant natural resource for as long as humans have existedAncient and modern civilizationsused granite, limestone, marble, sandstone, slate and other rocks as construction materialsImportant ingredient in concrete and plaster, both of which are commonly used in constructionCapitol BuildingPyramids and Sphinx, Giza, Egypt

6. TajMahal, IndiaGranite CountertopsBrooklyn BridgeStonehenge

7. Processes that Shape the EarthCertain geological processes make and destroy rockThese processesShape the features of our planetInfluence the type of rock that is found in certain areasGrand Canyon, ArizonaHawaiian Islands

8. Weathering, Erosion, and DepositionWeatheringProcess in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rockImportant because it breaks down rock into fragments of which sedimentary rock is made

9. ErosionProcess by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to anotherIceWindWater

10. DepositionProcess in which sediment moved by erosion is dropped and comes to rest

11. Heat and PressureSedimentary rock can also form when buried sediment is squeezed by the weight of overlaying layers of sedimentIf the temperature and pressure are high enough, the rock can change into metamorphic rockIf the rock gets hot enough to melt, this creates the magma that eventually cools to form igneous rock

12. How the Cycle ContinuesBuried rock is exposed at the Earth’s surface by a combination of uplift and erosionUpliftMovement within the Earth that causes rocks inside the Earth to be moved to the surfaceWhen uplifted rock reaches the Earth’s surface, weathering, erosion, and deposition begin

13. Rock Cycle illustratedand erosion

14. Rock ClassificationThree main classesIgneous rockSedimentary rockMetamorphic rockEach class of rock can be divided further, based on differences in the ways rocks formgraniteobsidianshalesandstoneslatemarble

15. Igneous rock can be divided againbased on whether the magma from which it forms cools on the Earth’s surfaceor below groundSedimentary and metamorphic rocks are also divided into smaller groupsScientists study rocks in detail using two important criteria:CompositionTexture

16. CompositionChemical makeup of a rockCan describe either the minerals or other materials in the rockTextureQuality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of the rock’s grains95%calcitelimestone5%aragonitesiltstonesandstoneConglomerateFine-grainedmedium-grainedCoarse-grained