A brief explanation of both two stroke engine and four stroke engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
This is a second slide in the IC engine series. Here you will learn about different components of IC engines. All the slides have beautiful graphics for better understanding.
this is the ppt on 2 stroke and 4 stroke petrol engine. . i made this ppt with the help of dhrumil patel .who is in the L.D. college of engineering in chemical department. . i am very thankful to him for being my great partner. . .thanx dhrumil..
A brief explanation of both two stroke engine and four stroke engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
This is a second slide in the IC engine series. Here you will learn about different components of IC engines. All the slides have beautiful graphics for better understanding.
this is the ppt on 2 stroke and 4 stroke petrol engine. . i made this ppt with the help of dhrumil patel .who is in the L.D. college of engineering in chemical department. . i am very thankful to him for being my great partner. . .thanx dhrumil..
COOLING SYSTEM
1) Need for cooling system (INTRODUCTION)
During the process of converting thermal energy to mechanical energy high temp are produced in the cylinder of the engine as a result of the combustion process. A large portion of the heat is transferred to the cylinder head and walls, piston and valves. Unless this excess heat is carried away and these parts are adequate cooled, the engine will be damaged. A cooling system must be preventing damages to vital parts of the engine, but the temperature of these components must be maintained within certain limits in the order to obtain maximum performance from the engine. Hence a cooling system is needed to keep the engine from not getting so hot as to cause problems and yet to permit it to run hot enough to ensure maximum efficiency of the engine. The duty of cooling system, in other word, is to keep the engine from getting not too hot and at the same time not to keep it too cool either.
2) Characteristics of efficient cooling system
The following are the two main characteristics desired of an efficient cooling system
1) It should be capable of removing about 30% of heat generated in the combustion chamber while maintain the optimum temp of the engine under all operating conditions of engine.
2) It should remove heat at a faster rate when engine is hot. However during starting of the engine the cooling should be minimum, so that the working parts of engine reach their operating temperature in short time.
3) Type of cooling system
In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is required. This can be either air or a liquid accordingly there are two type of systems in general use for cooling the IC engine. They are
1) Liquid or indirect cooling system
2) Air or direct cooling system
4) Liquid cooled systems
In this system mainly water is used and made to circulate through the jackets provided around the cylinder, cylinder-head, valve ports and seats where it extracts most of the heat.
It consists of a long flat, thin-walled tube with an opening, facing the water pump outlet and a number of small openings along its length that directs the water against the exhaust valves. The fits in the water jacket and can be removed from the front end of the block.
The heat is transferred from the cylinder walls and other parts by convection and conduction. The liquid becomes heated in its passage through the jackets and is in turn cooled by means of an air-cooled radiator system. The heat from liquid in turn is transferred to air. Hence it is called the indirect cooling system. Water cooling can be carried out by any of the following five methods
1) Direct or non-return system
2) Thermosyphone system
3) Forced circulation cooling system
4) Evaporative cooling system
5) Pressure cooling system
4.1) Direct or non-return system
This system is useful for large installation where plenty of water is available. The water from a storage tank is directly supplied through the inlet valve to
hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
2. Content
Introduction
Types of cooling system
Liquid Cooled System
Air Cooled System
Advantages Cooling System
Disadvantage Cooling System
Reference
3. Introduction
An automobile's cooling system
is the collection of parts and
substances (coolants) that work
together to maintain the
engine's temperature at
optimal levels. Comprising
many different components
such as water pump, coolant,
a thermostat etc. the system
enables smooth and efficient
functioning of the engine at the
same time protecting it from
damage
4. Types of cooling system
In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is
required. On the basis of medium ,in general use
for cooling I.C. engine ,types of cooling system are
1) liquid or indirect cooling system.
2) air or direct cooling system.
5. Liquid Cooled System
A liquid is circulated
around the cylinders and
absorb heat from the
cylinder walls and
cylinder head.
Coolant absorbs heat as it
passes through the engine
and also lubricates the
water pump.
• Hot coolant enters the
radiator in which the heat
is passed on to air that is
flowing through the
radiator.
6.
7. Advantages of liquid Cooling System
Uniform cooling of cylinder, cylinder head and
valves.
Specific fuel consumption of engine improves by
using water cooling system.
If we employ water cooling system, then engine need
not be provided at the front end of moving vehicle.
Engine is less noisy as compared with air cooled
engines, as it has water for damping noise.
8. Disadvantage of liquid Cooling System
• It depends upon the supply of water.
• The water pump which circulates water
absorbs considerable power.
• If the water cooling system fails then it will
result in severe damage of engine.
• The water cooling system is costlier as it has
more number of parts. Also it requires more
maintenance and care for its parts.
9. Air Cooled System
In air cooled system a current of air made to flow
past the outside of the cylinder barrel ,outer surface
area which has been considerably increased by
providing cooling fins.
The amount of heat dissipated to air depends upon :
(a) Amount of air flowing through the fins.
(b) Fin surface area.
(c) Thermal conductivity of metal used for fins.
10.
11. Advantages of air Cooling System
Radiator/pump is absent hence the system is light.
In case of water cooling system there are leakages,
but in this case here are no leakages.
Coolant and antifreeze solutions are not required.
This system can be used in cold climates, where if
water is used it may freeze.
12. Comparatively it is less efficient.
It is used in aero planes and motorcycle engines
where the engines are exposed to air directly.
Disadvantages of air Cooling System