The presentation outlines the design and benefits of automated micro irrigation systems, emphasizing the transition from manual to automated operations to improve efficiency in agriculture. Key components discussed include sensors, controllers, and various automation types, alongside their advantages and limitations. The document also highlights the potential for increased crop yield, water conservation, and flexibility in irrigation management.

1. welcome

2. AUTOMATION IN
MICROIRRIGATION
presentation on :-
Subject: -
Micro irrigation system design
Presented by: -
BARIA DIPAK ( PAGEN-091-2012 )
KAUSHAL .V. GADARIYA (PAGEN-097-2012)
CHETAN CHAUHAN (PAGEN-092-2012)

3. Contents
 Introduction
 System components of automated irrigation system
 Preparation of programming schedule
 Various types of automation system
 Benefits of automized irrigation
 Limitations of automized irrigation system

4. Introduction
 Automation is the godsend of farming.
 In developed countries a large area has been
covered under automated micro irrigation system.
 It is relatively new; but getting popularity day-
by-day.

5. What is automation?
 Automation is a
kind of innovation, in
which the manual
interventions are
replaced by an
automated system to
perform all the
operations.

6. What is automation in micro irrigation?
 It is a system by which all the operations
related to the supply of irrigation water or
fertilizer to the crop are carried out, automatically
with no or minimum manual interventions.

7. Scope of automation in micro irrigation
 The scope of automation has become a new
development in micro irrigation sector.
 In India, the pressurized irrigation has created a
great awareness among the farmers.
 From government side several initiatives have
been taken for popularization.

8. System components of
automated irrigation
system

9.  An automized micro-irrigation consists of
following three components
1.Sensors
2.Controllers
3.Monitoring software / decision
support system

10. Sensors
 These are the device used in
the system for producing
electrical signals related to
the parameter to be
measured.
 Provide the basic data to
drive the automatic control
system Installation of sensor

11. Types of sensors
1. Continuous sensors
 Produce the electrical signals in
continuous form such as voltage,
current, conductivity,
capacitance etc
 Used for measuring the pressure
drop across the filter or for
determining the soil moisture
tension.

12. 2.Discrete sensors
 These are the mechanical or
electronic switches
 They indicate on/off condition
and also to indicate the
opening/closing state of valves,
alarms, etc

13. Different types of sensors
 Analog tensiometer.
 Contact tensiometer.
 Electrical resistance sensors.
 Dielectric sensors.
 Thermal soil matric potential sensor.
 Gypsum block soil moisture sensor.

14. Controllers
 It is considered as the heart of automation system.
 Its function is to coordinate the operation of entire
system.
 They consists of an electronic calendar and the
clock.
 There is option for irrigation schedule of
weekdays.

15. Types of controllers
1. Electromagnetic controllers :---
2. Electronic controllers

16. Control valves
1. Hydraulic valves.
• These control valves are
operated by hydraulic pressure.
• Control tubes and solenoid coils
are used to transmit the
commands to valves.
• Two types of configuration
normally closed (NC) and
normally open (NO).

17. 2.Automatic metering valves
 Used in volume based
automated irrigation system.

18. Preparation of programming schedule
 Programmed the irrigation system to determine
the duration of irrigation for the given crop, and
for each section.
 Feed the duration of individual valves in the
controller along with system start time.
 Set the controller clock in respect of current day
and time.

19. Working procedure
 As the clock of controller gets matched with the start
time of programme.
 The controller starts sending 24V AC current to the
first solenoid valve in the programme sequencer.
 At the same time the current reaches the master
relay to start the pump.

20. Various types of automation
system

21.  Time based system
 Volume based system
 Open Loop Systems
 Closed Loop Systems
 Real Time Feedback System
 Computer-based Irrigation Control Systems
 Sensor Controlled Micro Irrigation
Types of automation system

22.  Operation time is considered as the basis of irrigation.
 Operation time is computed on the basis of required
volume of water and the average rate of water flow.
Time based system
Feed the time
in the
controller
clock
Controller
Valve 1
open
Valve 1
close valve
2 open
signals

23. Volume based system
 Provided with volume controlled metering valve by
which a preset amount of water is applied to the field.
 It consists of 2 systems

24. System 2
 Interconnected automatic metering valves at each
field segment.
 For closing and opening of metering valves.
System 1
Automatic
metering valve
with pulse
output
Controller Valve 1
Valve 2

25. Open loop system
 In this system information about irrigation duration
or required volume of water is feed to the control
unit.
 These information were programmed in he system
controller.
 Advantage - low cost.
 Disadvantage – system does not respond to the
environmental conditions.

26. Closed loop system
 In this system one or more sensors are equipped.
 Operator based on operator’s control strategy.
 System takes the decision on he basis of sensors
data.

27. Real time feed back system
 The system works on the basis of real feed back data
regarding demand of the crop at a given time.
 Various sensors like tensiometer, relative humidity
sensors, rain sensors, temperature sensors etc, used to feed
the crop data to control unit.

28. Computer based irrigation control system
 In this system, a hardware and software is equipped to
supervise the irrigation and other associated works like
fertigation, maintenance.
 This control system used in MIS is divided into following
two categories:
1)Interactive system
2)Fully automatic system

29. 1. Interactive system : -
 This system use a micro computer.
 The data is transmitted to control unit from sensors and
then to central computer.
 In system, the field devices like valves, regulators, pumps
etc., are fitted with electrically operated servo-device, which
operates them.
Operator has provision to control the flow from the central
computer by changing the parameters like pressure etc.

30. 2. Automatic system : -
 In this system person is completely avoided.
 Computer is programmed to perform automatic
functions.
 With the help of control devices corrections can be
done.
 In this system there is a facility to stop the
function when there is a rainfall etc.

31. Benefits of automized irrigation
 Conservation of water, labour and energy.
 Flexibility in operation.
 Precision and ease in operation.
 Adoption possibilities of advanced cropping and new
technologies.
 Feasibility of water use from different sources.
 Control on entire irrigation system.
 Enhancement in crop yield with better quality.
 Better water and nutrient use efficiency.

32. Limitations of automized irrigation system
 High system cost.
 Sensor sensitivity.
 Improper functioning of control valves.
 Frequent maintenance.

33. Reference
 Abraham, N.,Hema, P.S.,Saritha, E.K. & Subramannaiah,
S. (2000). Irrigation automation based on soil electrical
conductivity & leaf temperature. Agricultural water
management 45:145-157
 R. Suresh, “ Micro irrigation theory and practice “

34. THANK YOU