Ramasharya Pal submitted a summer training report on automotive cooling systems to Amitkumar at the Mechanical Engineering department. The report discussed the different types of cooling systems including liquid, air, and oil cooling. It described the key components of liquid cooling systems like water jackets, water pumps, fans, thermostats and radiators. Air cooling systems use cooling fins and baffles to dissipate heat. Oil cooling transfers heat from the engine to the oil and then through an oil cooler. Maintaining optimal engine temperature is important for performance and preventing damage.

1. SUMBITTED TO
AMITKUMAR(LECTURER)
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (DEPARTMENT)
SUMBITTED BY
RAMASHARYA PAL
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(AUTOMOBILE)
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
PUNEET AUTOMOBILE (P.V.T LTD)

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• CONVESIONAL COOLING SYSTEM
• REQUIREMENT
• TYPES
• COMPONENTS
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVATAGES
• COOLANT
• CONCLUSION
• OVERVIEW

3. INTRODUCTION
• Nowadays, car is one the most important transportation for each
individual compare to public transport. The transportation of goods
and passengers using the modern highways where the speed
requirement is lot higher with heavy load on the vehicle combined
with problems in hot summers surely require an advance engine
cooling system.
• An automobile's cooling system is the collection of parts and
substances (coolants) that work together to maintain the engine's
temperature at optimal levels. Comprising many different
components such as water pump, coolant, a thermostat etc. the
system enables smooth and efficient functioning of the engine at the
same time protecting it from damage
• An automotive cooling system must perform several functions
➢Remove excess from the engine
➢Maintain a consist engine temperature

4. CONVENTIONAL ENGINECOOLING SYSTEM
Combustion of air and fuel takes place inside the engine cylinder and
hot gases are generated inside an internal combustion engine. The
temperature of gases may raise up to around 2300-2500 ℃, which is a
very high temperature and may result into burning of oil film between
the moving parts, pre combustion and may result into seizing or
welding of the moving parts.
• Heat dissipation to volume ratio of the system is less.
• At high speeds it is difficult to maintain the temperature of
engine components.
• Heat rejected by the system (about 35%of heat generated) is
wasted to the atmosphere.

5. REQUIREMENT
• Get the engine up to optimum operating Temperature as quickly as
possible and maintains it at that temperature.
• 4000 degree temps. could seriously damage engine parts.
• Controls the heat produced in combustion chamber, so that the
engine parts are not damaged & the oil does not break down.
• The temp. of component must be maintained within certain limit in
order to obtain maximum performance of engine. Adequate cooling
is then a fundamental requirement associated with reciprocating I.C.
engine.

6. TYPES
In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is required. On the basis
of medium ,in general use for cooling I.C. engine ,types of cooling
system are:-
1. Liquid or Indirect Cooling System.
2. Air or Direct Cooling System.
3. Oil Cooling System

7. 1. Liquid or Indirectcoolingsystem
• A liquid is circulated around the
cylinders and absorb heat from the
cylinder walls and cylinder head.
• Coolant absorbs heat as it passes through
the engine and also lubricates the water
pump.
• Hot coolant enters the radiator in which
the heat is passed on to air that is flowing
through the radiator.

9. Components of watercooling
• Water
Jackets
• Water Pump
• Fan
• Thermostat
• Radiator

10. WaterJackets
• Designed to keep engine block
and cylinder head cool.
• Open spaces between the
outside of cylinder and inside of
cylinder block and head.
• When engine is running at
normal operating temperature,
the coolant is forced through the
water jackets in the engine
block, through the head gasket,
into the head, and back to the
radiator.

11. WaterPump
• Draws the coolant from the radiator,
through the lower radiator hose, and
then forces it through the water
jackets, back into the radiator.
• If the clutch fan can be wiggled up
and down, most likely the water
pump needs to be replaced.
• Water pumps gasket is placed
between the water pump and the
engine block to prevent leakage 9if
left loose it might leak and if
tightened too much it might crack.

12. Fan
• The fan is mounted on
the impeller spindle
driven by a suitable belt
pulley arrangement.
• Fan draws air through
the radiator at low
speeds.

13. Thermostat
between the
top radiator
the is
called
• Thermostat placed
cylinder head and
hose.
• The temperature
thermostat opens
thermostat rating.
• The thermostat's main job is to
allow the engine to heat up
quickly, and then to keep the
engine at a constant
temperature.

14. Radiator
• Radiator is a heat exchanger that
removes heat from the coolant
passing through it.
• Vehicles equipped with automatic
transmission have transmission
cooler build into the radiator.
• The purpose of radiator is to
provide a large amount of cooling
surface area so that water passing
downward through it in thin
stream is cooled efficiently.

15. Advantages
• Uniform cooling of cylinder, cylinder head and valves.
• Specific fuel consumptionof engine improves by using water cooling
system.
• If we employ water cooling system, then engine need not be provided at
the front end of moving vehicle.
• Engine is less noisy as compared with air cooled engines, as it has water
for damping noise.

16. Disadvantages
• It depends upon the supply of water.
• The water pump which circulates water absorbs considerable power.
• If the water cooling system fails then it will result in severe damage of
engine.
• The water cooling system is costlier as it has more number of parts.
Also it
requires more maintenance and care for its parts.

17. 2. Air or Direct coolingsystem
• In air cooled system a current of air made to flow past the outside of
the cylinder barrel ,outer surface area which has been considerably
increased by providing cooling fins.
• The amount of heat dissipated to air depends upon :
➢Amount of air flowing through the fins.
➢Fin surface area.
➢Thermal conductivity of metal used for fins.

18. Components of aircooling
• Cooling Fin
• Baffles

19. CoolingFins
In the study of heat transfer, a fin is a surface
that extends from an object to increase the
rate of heat transfer to or from the
environment by increasing convection. The
amount of conduction, convection, or
radiation of an object determines the amount
of heat it transfers. Increasing the
temperature difference between the object
and the environment, increasing the
convection heat transfer coefficient , or
increasing the surface area of the object
increases the heat transfer.

20. Baffles
The rate of heat transfer from the
cylinder walls can be
substantially increased by using
baffles which force the air
through the space between the
fins.

21. Advantages
• Radiator/pump is absent hence the system is light.
• In case of water cooling system there are leakages, but in this case
here are no leakages.
• Coolant and antifreeze solutions are not required.
• This system can be used in cold climates, where if water is used it
may
freeze.

22. Disadvantages
• Comparatively it is less efficient.
• It is used in aero planes and motorcycle engines where the engines
are exposed to air directly.

23. 3. Oil Cooling
• Oil cooling is the use of engine oil as a coolant, typically to remove
surplus heat from an internal combustion engine.
• The hot engine transfers heat to the oil which then usually passes
through a heat-exchanger, typically a type of radiator known as an oil
cooler.
• The cooled oil flows back into the hot object to cool it continuously.
• If air-cooling proves sufficient for much of the running time,, then oil
cooling is an ideal way to cope with those times when extra cooling is
needed.
• But if the engine is a racing engine that is always producing huge
amounts
of heat, water or liquid cooling may be preferable.

24. Advantages
• Oil has a higher boiling point than water, so it can be used to cool
items at a temperature of 100 °C or higher.
• Oil is an electricalinsulator, thus it can be used inside of or in
direct contact with electrical components.
• Oil is already present as a lubricant, so no extra coolant tanks,
pumps nor
radiators are required.
• Oil naturally helps to prevent corrosion.

25. Disadvantages
• Coolant oil may be limited to cooling objects under approximately
200– 300 °C, otherwise the oil may degrade and even leave ashy
deposits.
• Pure water may evaporate or boil, but it cannot degrade, although it
may become polluted and acidic.
• Oil may be flammable.
• A given volume of water may absorb more engine heat than can the
same volume of oil.

26. COOLANT
• Coolant, which is commonly called
antifreeze, is a mixture of ethylene
or propylene glycol and water,
usually in a 50/50 ratio.
• Ethylene glycol most
common. (it’s green)
• Dexcool (it’s orange and lasts 5
years)
• Propylene glycol (non-toxic)

27. CONCLUSION
The main objective of the research is to propose a cooling system that
able to control and maintain temperature inside the car. The radiator
material in the design shows an increased rate of heat transfer which
is much greater than the required value. In this way we can concluded,
technically, that Out of the total heat supplied to the engine in the form
of fuel, approximately, 30 to 40% is converted into useful mechanical
work; the remaining heat is expelled to the environment through
exhaust gases and engine cooling systems, resulting in to entropy rise
and serious environmental pollution, so it is required to utilized waste
heat into useful work.

28. OVERVIEW

29. Thankyou