Due to the current trends towards higher cost of fossil fuels and uncertainty regarding future cost
and availability, use of solar energy in food processing will probably increase and become more
economically feasible in the near future.The solar dryer is one of them which help to preserve our food and many eatable things like vegetable fruits and many more things
Solar dryers are devices that use solar energy to dry substances, especially the food. Drying is one of the methods used to preserve food products for longer periods. Different types of solar dryers have been designed, developed and tested in the different regions.
A solar dryer is an application of solar energy, used immensely in the food and agriculture industry. Though the sun is still used as the direct source for drying food items and clothes in certain parts of the world. An indirect source of solar power can also be used for the same purpose in the form of a solar dryer.
Principles, Classification and Selection of Solar DryersiMentor Education
A comprehensive review of the fundamental principles governing the drying process with classification of the practically realized various designs and selection of solar
dryers for drying of agricultural and marine products has been presented. The classification clearly illustrates that the solar dryer designs can be grouped systematically according to their operating temperature ranges, heating
sources/modes and operational modes. It is difficult to have one single criteria for the selection of a solar dryer for a specific region or a product as solar insolation and other parameters change frequently with geographical location, however the general rules of thumb are mentioned to assist in making the final selection. The final selection is generally based on the available insolation rate, production
throughput, flexibility requirements, cost of fuel to run accessories as well as on the experience and judgment of the fabricator. As the solar dryer has a long life of about 20-40 years, the effect of a poor design can have a long-term impact on the economic health of the dryer.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID SOLAR DRYER FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONSsangeetkhule
Introduction
Role of The Sun
Importance of Renewable Energy Sources
Solar Drying
Basics of Solar Energy
Working of Solar Cell
Basics of Solar Thermal Conversions
Outline of Thesis
Solar Dryer
Basics of Solar Dryers
Need For Dryers
Various Methods of Drying
Basics of Solar Drying Technique
Difference Between OSD & Solar Drying
Various Types of Solar Dryers
Working Consist of Hybrid Solar Dryer
Advantages & Reasons For Limited Use In India
Applications of Solar Dryers
Literature Review
Direct Solar Dryer
Indirect Solar Dryer
Mixed Mode Solar Dryer
Hybrid Solar Dryer
Conclusions
The outcome of Literature Review
Selection of Food Products
Methodology And Design Criterion
Methodology
Design Criterion
Selection of Solar Dryer Type
Design of Solar Dryer
Working of Model
Design Calculations
The Fan/Blower Design
Computer-Aided Design of Hybrid Solar Dryer
Solar Collector
Drying Chamber
Trays
Stand
Computational Analysis
Pre-Processor
PostProcessor
Economic Analysis
Economic Analysis of Dried Food Products
Bill
Actual Components For Fabricating
Commercial Solar Dryers
Other Locations
Conclusion And Recommendations
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
Power Requirements
Optimum Angle of Inclination
Solar Collector Area Calculations
Calculation of Components
Sustainable energy is the form of energy obtained from non-exhaustible resources, such that the provision of this form of energy serves the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Types of sustainable energy include the Wind energy,
Solar energy ,Hydro power, Tidal power ,Geothermal energy ,Energy from bio mass.These energies have been used successfully in the agriculture in various applications.
Therefore the sustainable energy usage in agriculture is a good alternative for the high demand of energy requirements.
Due to the current trends towards higher cost of fossil fuels and uncertainty regarding future cost
and availability, use of solar energy in food processing will probably increase and become more
economically feasible in the near future.The solar dryer is one of them which help to preserve our food and many eatable things like vegetable fruits and many more things
Solar dryers are devices that use solar energy to dry substances, especially the food. Drying is one of the methods used to preserve food products for longer periods. Different types of solar dryers have been designed, developed and tested in the different regions.
A solar dryer is an application of solar energy, used immensely in the food and agriculture industry. Though the sun is still used as the direct source for drying food items and clothes in certain parts of the world. An indirect source of solar power can also be used for the same purpose in the form of a solar dryer.
Principles, Classification and Selection of Solar DryersiMentor Education
A comprehensive review of the fundamental principles governing the drying process with classification of the practically realized various designs and selection of solar
dryers for drying of agricultural and marine products has been presented. The classification clearly illustrates that the solar dryer designs can be grouped systematically according to their operating temperature ranges, heating
sources/modes and operational modes. It is difficult to have one single criteria for the selection of a solar dryer for a specific region or a product as solar insolation and other parameters change frequently with geographical location, however the general rules of thumb are mentioned to assist in making the final selection. The final selection is generally based on the available insolation rate, production
throughput, flexibility requirements, cost of fuel to run accessories as well as on the experience and judgment of the fabricator. As the solar dryer has a long life of about 20-40 years, the effect of a poor design can have a long-term impact on the economic health of the dryer.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID SOLAR DRYER FOR DOMESTIC APPLICATIONSsangeetkhule
Introduction
Role of The Sun
Importance of Renewable Energy Sources
Solar Drying
Basics of Solar Energy
Working of Solar Cell
Basics of Solar Thermal Conversions
Outline of Thesis
Solar Dryer
Basics of Solar Dryers
Need For Dryers
Various Methods of Drying
Basics of Solar Drying Technique
Difference Between OSD & Solar Drying
Various Types of Solar Dryers
Working Consist of Hybrid Solar Dryer
Advantages & Reasons For Limited Use In India
Applications of Solar Dryers
Literature Review
Direct Solar Dryer
Indirect Solar Dryer
Mixed Mode Solar Dryer
Hybrid Solar Dryer
Conclusions
The outcome of Literature Review
Selection of Food Products
Methodology And Design Criterion
Methodology
Design Criterion
Selection of Solar Dryer Type
Design of Solar Dryer
Working of Model
Design Calculations
The Fan/Blower Design
Computer-Aided Design of Hybrid Solar Dryer
Solar Collector
Drying Chamber
Trays
Stand
Computational Analysis
Pre-Processor
PostProcessor
Economic Analysis
Economic Analysis of Dried Food Products
Bill
Actual Components For Fabricating
Commercial Solar Dryers
Other Locations
Conclusion And Recommendations
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
Power Requirements
Optimum Angle of Inclination
Solar Collector Area Calculations
Calculation of Components
Sustainable energy is the form of energy obtained from non-exhaustible resources, such that the provision of this form of energy serves the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Types of sustainable energy include the Wind energy,
Solar energy ,Hydro power, Tidal power ,Geothermal energy ,Energy from bio mass.These energies have been used successfully in the agriculture in various applications.
Therefore the sustainable energy usage in agriculture is a good alternative for the high demand of energy requirements.
Drying is an important unit operation in food processing which aids in preservationthrough the lowering of water activity of the product by evaporation of water. Using a solar dryer is comparatively cheaper and more efficient. Some solar dryersrun
without electrical grid power or fossil fuels. Various kinds of solar dryers that are widely used today. The indirect direct and mixed mode dryers that have shown potential in drying agricultural products in the tropical and subtropical countries are discussed. Aside from identifying the active and passive mode solar dryers, we also high light the environmental influence on solar energy (harnessing) that plays a vital role in the solar drying sector and related technologies that can help improve existingsolar dryers.
Design And Development of Hybrid Solar Dryers For Domestic Applicationssangeetkhule
INTRODUCTION
COMMERCIAL ASPECT
LITERATURE REVIEW
OUTCOME OF LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY
DESIGN
CAD MODEL & SIMULATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Solar energy is a primary renewable energy source with the potential to meet
several challenges faced by humankind. Solar technologies convert sunlight into
electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that
concentrate solar radiation. There are two basic mechanisms involved in the drying
process of solar drying; are: The migration of moisture from the interior of the
substance to be dried, and the second is the evaporation of moisture from the surface to
the surrounding air. The solar drying system utilizes the solar energy to heat air and to
dry any food substance which is loaded, which is not only beneficial but also it reduces
wastage of agricultural products and helps in the preservation of agricultural products,
but it also makes transportation of such dried product quickly and promotes the health
and welfare of the people. So, the development of a hybrid solar-energy dryer using a
photovoltaic (PV) solar panel to power the heating element coil and charge the battery,
which had a storage energy system, was developed and constructed with readily
available materials market was proposed.
This report presents the basics of the solar dryer, and the Literature review
contains recent innovative techniques used for developments of different types like
direct, indirect, mixed-mode, and hybrid solar dryers are discussed from the duration of
the previous two to three decades. Also, a comprehensive report of the fundamental
principles governing the drying process with the classification of the practically realized
various designs and selection of solar dryers for drying agricultural and marine products
has been presented.
The dryer comprises a solar collector (air heater) with the baffles and a solar
drying chamber containing a rack of four net trays, both being assimilated together. The
air allowed in through the air inlet is heated up in the solar collector chamber andchannelled through the drying chamber, where it is utilized in drying (removing the
moisture content from the food substances or agricultural product loaded in it). Locally
materials were used for the construction are wood, glass, aluminium metal sheet, PV,
and net for the trays.
The hybrid solar dryer discussed in the papers in the literature review is a
prominent practical technology that can dry various crops under all weather conditions.
Temperatures in the drying cabinet can be expected to range between 40 to 70ºC.
Compared to traditional drying, the hybrid dryer produces a better quality product and
can reduce the drying time by up to 50 to 70 %.
Solar collector : A device designed to absorb incident solar radiation and to transfer the energy to a fluid passing in contact with it, usually liquid or air.
Flat – Plate Collector : A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called the glazing) and a dark-colored absorber plate. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less than 180°F.
In many countries,agricultural products are dried under the open sun. However,this way of drying deg rades the quality of the dried products due to interferen ce from external impurities and uneven drying rates . Numerous types of solar dryers have been designed a nd developed in various parts of the world,yieldin g varying degrees of technical performance. Basically,there are three types of solar dryers;direct sol ar dryers,indirect solar dryers and mixed-mode dryers. This r eview paper is focused on hybrid solar dryers. Drying proceeded successfully even under unfavorable weath er conditions in the hybrid mode of operation these are the most cost effective type of dryers and are easy to fabricate and use. In this review paper,we reviewe d different types of hybrid solar dryers and different design m odifications applied to them in order to increase t heir effectiveness.
Drying is the oldest preservation technique of agricultural products and it is an energy intensive process. High prices and shortages of fossil fuels have increased the emphasis on using alternative renewable energy resources. Drying of agricultural products using renewable energy such as solar energy is environmental friendly and has less environmental impact.
Solar and wind power is the most helpful for our agriculture and save our environment. I hope viewer also learn something new from this slide. Thank You.
Solar collector ppt by Vivek Atalkar.
A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun. These devices are primarily used for active solar heating and allow for the heating of water for personal use.
Classification of Solar collector
Flat Plate collector
solar water heating system - types and mechanismlee shin
solar is one of the trending technology getting into use which reduces the utility bills and bring more beneficial factor through its eco friendly method
Drying is an important unit operation in food processing which aids in preservationthrough the lowering of water activity of the product by evaporation of water. Using a solar dryer is comparatively cheaper and more efficient. Some solar dryersrun
without electrical grid power or fossil fuels. Various kinds of solar dryers that are widely used today. The indirect direct and mixed mode dryers that have shown potential in drying agricultural products in the tropical and subtropical countries are discussed. Aside from identifying the active and passive mode solar dryers, we also high light the environmental influence on solar energy (harnessing) that plays a vital role in the solar drying sector and related technologies that can help improve existingsolar dryers.
Design And Development of Hybrid Solar Dryers For Domestic Applicationssangeetkhule
INTRODUCTION
COMMERCIAL ASPECT
LITERATURE REVIEW
OUTCOME OF LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY
DESIGN
CAD MODEL & SIMULATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Solar energy is a primary renewable energy source with the potential to meet
several challenges faced by humankind. Solar technologies convert sunlight into
electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that
concentrate solar radiation. There are two basic mechanisms involved in the drying
process of solar drying; are: The migration of moisture from the interior of the
substance to be dried, and the second is the evaporation of moisture from the surface to
the surrounding air. The solar drying system utilizes the solar energy to heat air and to
dry any food substance which is loaded, which is not only beneficial but also it reduces
wastage of agricultural products and helps in the preservation of agricultural products,
but it also makes transportation of such dried product quickly and promotes the health
and welfare of the people. So, the development of a hybrid solar-energy dryer using a
photovoltaic (PV) solar panel to power the heating element coil and charge the battery,
which had a storage energy system, was developed and constructed with readily
available materials market was proposed.
This report presents the basics of the solar dryer, and the Literature review
contains recent innovative techniques used for developments of different types like
direct, indirect, mixed-mode, and hybrid solar dryers are discussed from the duration of
the previous two to three decades. Also, a comprehensive report of the fundamental
principles governing the drying process with the classification of the practically realized
various designs and selection of solar dryers for drying agricultural and marine products
has been presented.
The dryer comprises a solar collector (air heater) with the baffles and a solar
drying chamber containing a rack of four net trays, both being assimilated together. The
air allowed in through the air inlet is heated up in the solar collector chamber andchannelled through the drying chamber, where it is utilized in drying (removing the
moisture content from the food substances or agricultural product loaded in it). Locally
materials were used for the construction are wood, glass, aluminium metal sheet, PV,
and net for the trays.
The hybrid solar dryer discussed in the papers in the literature review is a
prominent practical technology that can dry various crops under all weather conditions.
Temperatures in the drying cabinet can be expected to range between 40 to 70ºC.
Compared to traditional drying, the hybrid dryer produces a better quality product and
can reduce the drying time by up to 50 to 70 %.
Solar collector : A device designed to absorb incident solar radiation and to transfer the energy to a fluid passing in contact with it, usually liquid or air.
Flat – Plate Collector : A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called the glazing) and a dark-colored absorber plate. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less than 180°F.
In many countries,agricultural products are dried under the open sun. However,this way of drying deg rades the quality of the dried products due to interferen ce from external impurities and uneven drying rates . Numerous types of solar dryers have been designed a nd developed in various parts of the world,yieldin g varying degrees of technical performance. Basically,there are three types of solar dryers;direct sol ar dryers,indirect solar dryers and mixed-mode dryers. This r eview paper is focused on hybrid solar dryers. Drying proceeded successfully even under unfavorable weath er conditions in the hybrid mode of operation these are the most cost effective type of dryers and are easy to fabricate and use. In this review paper,we reviewe d different types of hybrid solar dryers and different design m odifications applied to them in order to increase t heir effectiveness.
Drying is the oldest preservation technique of agricultural products and it is an energy intensive process. High prices and shortages of fossil fuels have increased the emphasis on using alternative renewable energy resources. Drying of agricultural products using renewable energy such as solar energy is environmental friendly and has less environmental impact.
Solar and wind power is the most helpful for our agriculture and save our environment. I hope viewer also learn something new from this slide. Thank You.
Solar collector ppt by Vivek Atalkar.
A solar collector is a device that collects and/or concentrates solar radiation from the Sun. These devices are primarily used for active solar heating and allow for the heating of water for personal use.
Classification of Solar collector
Flat Plate collector
solar water heating system - types and mechanismlee shin
solar is one of the trending technology getting into use which reduces the utility bills and bring more beneficial factor through its eco friendly method
Plant Protection Measures against insect pest and diseases Nischal Sapkota
Plant Protection - Plant Protection Measures against insect pest and diseases (physical method, mechanical method, cultural method, chemical method, biological method, regulatory method, genetic method, and integrated pest management (IPM)).
Preservation of Food Items Using Solar Dryers: A ReviewIJERA Editor
In order to conserve the food products like chillies, grapes, potatoes & other agricultural products, for a longer
period of time & with same the quality they need to be dried by using any form of energy, for example heat
energy from fossil fuels or solar energy etc. This is done to reduce the moisture content to a predetermined level
which prevents the growth & reproduction of micro organisms like bacteria, yeasts etc. that causes many
moisture mediated deterioration reactions. One of the drying methods involves drying the produce with the help
of direct sun light by spreading them in an open space. This process is labor intensive & requires a large area for
spreading the produced to dry out. The disadvantage of this method involves uneven heating, loss of produce
due to birds, animals, bad weather etc. Another method of drying involves artificial mechanical drying which is
an energy intensive, expensive and costly method. Green house drying or solar drying gives the best results as it
does not compromise the product quality, aesthetic etc. Moreover it makes the transportation process easy as the
volume of dried product reduces. This paper reviews the solar drying process & gives complete in depth of all
the elements involve in solar drying.
Aeroponic Based Controlled Environment Based Farming Systemiosrjce
Controlled Environment Farming is one of the emerging technologies in the farming and agriculture
industries nowadays. Aeroponics is an optimized process developed for growing crops and plants in an air
medium without the use of soil or an aggregate medium by spraying the plant’s roots with an atomized or
sprayed, nutrient-rich water solution. Various automated farming system has been developed using sensor
networks and control systems to improve agricultural produc-tivity. Traditional farming techniques are complex
and strictly influenced by soil conditions, climate, weather, crop types, and so on. Authors have proposed a
system in which an environment monitoring, quality evaluation and crop growth, data recording, and online
data submitting and multiplatform compatibility were integrated. The control system based on agricultural
information measured by field monitoring sensors is a proved effective method to improve quality of
agricultural product in a greenhouse.
In this study, we proposed an intelligent control system for an aeroponics-based greenhouse, which
consists of data collec-tion/monitoring system, control system, centralized sever, and multiplatform web-based
controlling/monitoring application for agricultural facilities. The prototype system for establishing a low-cost
aeroponics-based greenhouse control system can be designed based on an open-source development board
called Raspberry Pi. The system can be used both locally and over the Internet, which has a large set of
controlling and monitoring function for the greenhouse. The system is proposed to achieve maximum
optimization, control, quality, automation, etc. in an aeroponics-based greenhouse.
Food Preservation by Drying - Premraja N.pptxPremraja N
This Presentation contains Information and knowledge about various drying methods for Food preservation for enhancing the shelf life of food by lowering the water activity.
various drying methods including, CONVECTIVE DRYING,AIR DRYING,FLUIDIZED BED DRYER,SPRAY DRYERS,
DIELECTRIC DRYING,
Ohmic heating, CABINET DRYER etc.
Solar drying is one of the application of solar energy. Drying means moisture removal from the product. Drying is helpful in preserving food product for long time; it prevent product from contamination. Direct solar drying, indirect solar drying, and mixed mode solar drying these are different solar drying methods. Primarily open to the sun or direct sun drying technique is used. However, it has some disadvantages. These disadvantages can be eliminated by indirect type of dryer which is used for drying products as application of solar energy. In this paper, we studied the different technique of drying and various modes of solar drying.
Solar drying is one of the application of solar energy. Drying means moisture removal from the product. Drying is helpful in preserving food product for long time; it prevent product from contamination. Direct solar drying, indirect solar drying, and mixed mode solar drying these are different solar drying methods. Primarily open to the sun or direct sun drying technique is used. However, it has some disadvantages. These disadvantages can be eliminated by indirect type of dryer which is used for drying products as application of solar energy. In this paper, we studied the different technique of drying and various modes of solar drying
this presentation briefly describes the digital image processing and its various procedures and techniques which include image correction or rectification with remote sensing data/ images. it also contains various image classification techniques.
FOUNDATION
DETAILS OF PROGRAMME
FORMATION OF GGRC
EVALUATION OF MICRO IRRIGATION SYSTEM
ACHIEVEMENTS OF GGRC
NECCESITY OF GGRC
FEATURES OF GGRC
BENEFITS OF GGRC
policy impactation
priorities and needs of farmer
Features of adopting micro irrigation system
nature of scheme
activities to promote micro irrigation
Demonstration of micro irrigation
Schemes administration
General guideline in administering micro irrigation scheme
Overall target
Introduction
System components of automated irrigation system
Preparation of programming schedule
Various types of automation system
Benefits of automized irrigation
Limitations of automized irrigation system
related to different fertigation systems used in crop..
INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FERTIGATION
OBJECTIVES OF FERTIGATION IN MICROIRRIGATION
DOSIFICATION
FERTILIZER INJECTION METHODS
- PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL
- VACUUM INJECTION
- PUMP INJECTION
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
3. Solar energy availability on earth
The surface receives about 34% of the total solar energy that
solar energy that reaches the earth.
According to World Meteorological Organization earth surface
receives 120 Watts per sq. meter direct radiance.
4. Need of solar dryer
• Cost effective
• In rainy season and winters due to presence of moisture a foul smell develops
in food grains and there is full possibility of development of pests.
• It make us not to spreading food grains which was required earlier at regular
period of time.
• Drying in the direct sun has the risk of damaging the complete harvest by
rainfall.
• Dehydration of fruits, potatoes, onions and other vegetables
13. Benefits of solar dryer
• Much less time is required for drying as compared to direct drying
because of black body.
• Protection of the drying products from insects but also from birds, dogs,
especially for drying meat and fish.
• The products is hygienic because microorganisms, insects and flies are
killed.
• Protection from rain.
• Protection from pollution by dust etc.
• Protection from the wind which can blow away the food.
14. Drawbacks of solar dryer
• Limited time
• Quality of products are not obtained in some cases.
• High initial cost
• Skilled person required
15. Application of solar dryer
Agricultural
crop drying
Food
processing
industries
Fish and
meat
drying
Dairy
industries
Textile
industries