This document provides an overview of key electrical concepts including:
- Voltage is the potential difference measured in volts that causes current to flow. Current is the rate of flow of electric charge measured in amperes.
- Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit. Power is defined as voltage multiplied by current and describes the rate of energy transfer.
- Common circuit components are described including resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, and how they are connected using printed circuit boards. Direction of electron and conventional currents are also discussed.
What is electronics?
Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, which the electrons have a fundamental role.
This presentation gives a brief explanation about what is electronics and each of the part of the electronic components.
What is electronics?
Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, which the electrons have a fundamental role.
This presentation gives a brief explanation about what is electronics and each of the part of the electronic components.
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
This presentation is for beginners of electronics. This will give you a brief about all the important basic building blocks of electronics and hence will be helpful in creating a good foundation.
More Basics of Electrical and Electronics can be see on http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog multimeters use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings.
This is small Power point presentation about different types of capacitors. It deals with different applications of different capacitors.This ppt has some important classification of different capacitors
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
This presentation is for beginners of electronics. This will give you a brief about all the important basic building blocks of electronics and hence will be helpful in creating a good foundation.
More Basics of Electrical and Electronics can be see on http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog multimeters use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings.
This is small Power point presentation about different types of capacitors. It deals with different applications of different capacitors.This ppt has some important classification of different capacitors
This is an introductory lecture on electrical services in buildings. This module deals with basic terminologies and formulae covered in school level physics. This is a brief recapitulation.
Physics Class X Electric Current
Contents
1 Electricity
2 Electric Current
3 Electric Potential & Potential Difference
4 Electromotive Force (emf)
5 Electric Circuit and components
6 Current and Voltage Measurements
7 OHM’s Law
8 Factors Affecting Resistance
9 Combination of Resistors(Series & Parallel)
10 Heating Effect of Electricity and its apps.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Voltage:
• Potential refers to the the possibility of doing work.
• The symbol for potential difference is E (for electromotive
force)
• The practical unit of potential difference is the volt (V)
• 1 volt is a measure of the amount of work required to move
1C of charge
3. Current:
• When a charge is forced to move because of a potential
difference (voltage) current is produced.
• In conductors - free electrons can be forced to move with
relative ease, since they require little work to be moved.
• So current is charge in motion.
• The more electrons in motion the greater the current.
4. Amperes:
• Current indicates the intensity of the electricity in
motion. The symbol for current is I (for intensity) and is
measured in amperes.
• The definition of current is: I = Q/T
• Where I is current in amperes, Q is charge in coulombs,
and T is time in seconds.
5. Closed Circuits:
• In applications requiring the use of current, electrical
components are arranged in the form of a circuit.
• A circuit is defined as a path for current flow.
6. Open circuit :
current can only exist when
there is conduvtive path. In
the circuit I= 0, since there is
no conductor between points
a and b. we reffered to this as
an open circuit.
7. Direction of Electron Flow
• The direction of electron flow in our circuit is from the
negative side of the battery, through the load
resistance, back to the positive side of the battery.
Direction of conventional
current
• The direction of conventional current in our circuit is
from the positive side of the battery, through the load
resistance, back to the negativeside of the battery.
8. Direct Current:
• Circuits that are powered by battery sources are termed
direct current circuits.
• It is the flow of charges in just one direction
Alternating Current:
• An alternating voltage source periodically alternates or
reverses in polarity.
• The resulting current, therefore, periodically reverses in
direction.
9. Resistance:
• Opposition to the flow of current is termed
resistance.
• The fact that a wire can become hot from the flow
of current is evidence of resistance.
• Conductors have very little resistance.
• Insulators have large amounts of resistance.
10. Resistors
Aresistor impedes the flow of electricity through a circuit.
Resistors have a set value.
Since voltage, current and resistance are related through Ohm’s
law, resistors are a good way to control voltage and current in
your circuit.
10
13. Units
Knowing your unitsis important!
Kilo and Mega are common in resistors
Milli, micro, nano and pico can be used in other
components
K(kilo) =1,000
M (mega) = 1,000,000
M (milli) = 1/1,000
u (micro) =1/1,000,000
n (nano) = 1/1,000,000,000 (one trillionth)
p (pico) = 1/ 1,000,000,000,000 (one quadrillionth)
13
14. Ohm’s Law
• The amount of current in a circuit is dependent on its
resistance and the applied voltage. Specifically I = V/R
• If you know any two of the factors V, I, and R you can
calculate the third.
• Current I = V/R
• Voltage V = IR
• Resistance R = V/I
15. Power:
• The unit of electrical power is the watt.
• Power is how much work is done over time.
• One watt of power is equal to the work done in one
second by one volt moving one coulomb of charge.
Since one coulomb a second is an ampere:
• Power in watts = volts x amperes
• P = V x I
• P = I² x R
• P = V² / R
16. Capacitors
Acapacitor stores electricalenergy.
Capacitance is measured in Farads. The small capacitors usually used in
electronics are often measured in microfarads and nanofarads.
Some capacitors are polarized. Note the
different length terminals on one of the capacitors.
16
18. Diode
A diode is a one way valve (or gate) for electricity. It is a
component with an asymmetrical transfer characteristic. A
diode has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and
high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other direction.
Diodes will protect your electronics.
18
19. Diode circuit protection
In an electronic circuit, if the polarity is wrong, you can fry
your components.
Diodes have abar
on the cathode
(negative) side.
19
20. Light emitting diode(LED)
A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.
When electricity is passing through the diode, it emits light.
20
21. Variable resistor / Potentiometer
Apotentiometer is avariable resistor. As you manually
turn a dial, the resistance changes.
21
22. Transistors
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to
amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical
power.
This is our electronic
switch!
22
23. How atransistor works
Avoltage or current applied to one pair of the
transistor’s terminals changes the current through
another pairof terminals.
Atransistor is composed of semiconductor material
with at least three terminals
for connection to an external
circuit.
Transistors have 3pins.
For these transistors:
Collector
Emitter
Base
23
24. Terminology
Useful asamplifiers.
BJTversus FET
Bipolar junction transistor.
Collector, Emitter, Base
Useful as motordrivers.Field-effect transistor.
Source, Drain, Gate
MOSFET: Metal-oxide-semiconductor FET
NPN (N-channel FET) versus PNP (P-channel FET)
NPN versus PNP is how the semiconductors are layered.
NPN: Not pointing in
PNP: Pointing in permanently
24
26. Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit (IC) is a set of transistors that is
the controller or ‘brain’of an electronic circuit.
An input is received, an output is sent out.
Modern microprocessor ICs can have billions of
transistors per square inch!
26
27. Printed Circuit Board
Components are attached to a printed
circuit board.
The ‘front’side of the board will have
printed component information, such
as resistor # and resistance, diode type
and polarity,etc.
Holes go all the way through the board
from one side to the other. Through-
hole soldering is needed to connect
components to the board.
27
28. Backof Circuit Board
The ‘back’side of the board will have lines indicating
connections between components. The lines on the
back are similar to wires.
Thicker lines denote more current (electrons) moving
through.
Components connect the lines.
28
29. Reference Material:
• College Physics by Resnick, Halliday and Krane (6th and
higher edition).
• Behzad Razavi, ‘’Fundamental of Microelectronics’’