SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Introduction to Electronics
November 03, 2015
Second Session
Syllabus
Review
short circuits
Series vs. Parallel
Resistance
Basic Components
Review
Electricity “AC - DC”
Ohm’s Law “ E = I x R ”
Multimeter
Circuits
Short Circuit
Short Circuit
Series vs. Parallel
Series vs. Parallel
Series vs. Parallel
Series
When things are wired in series,
things are wired one after
another, such that electricity has
to pass through one thing, then
the next thing, then the next, and
so on.
Parallel
When things are wired in parallel,
they are wired side by side, such
that electricity passes through all
of them at the same time, from
one common point to another
common point.
Resistance
Resistance
Resistance
For instance, in the circuit above, the Lamp that electricity is
flowing through is adding resistance to the flow of electricity.
Thus, all of the electricity passing through the circuit is being
put to use.
Likewise, if electricity passes through a component that does not
add enough resistance to the circuit, a short will likewise occur
”Ohm’s Law”
It is very important to prevent short circuits by making sure that
the positive voltage is never wired directly to ground.
Resistance
That said, always keep in mind that electricity always follows the
path of least resistance to ground.
“What this means is that if you give positive voltage the choice to
pass through a lamp to ground, or follow a wire straight to ground,
it will follow the wire because the wire provides the least
resistance. This also means that by using the wire to bypass the
source of resistance straight to ground, you have created a short
circuit. Always make sure that you never accidentally connect
positive voltage to ground while wiring things in parallel.
Also note that a switch does not add any resistance to a circuit and
simply adding a switch between power and ground will create a short
circuit.”
Resistors
Resistors
you could simply look up the values using a graphical resistance
calculator
Resistors
resistors add resistance to
the circuit and reduces the
flow of electrical current. It
is represented in a circuit
diagram as a pointy squiggle
with a value next to it.
Resistors also come with
different wattage ratings. For
most low-voltage DC circuits,
1/4 watt resistors should be
suitable.
Switches
Switches
A switch is basically a
mechanical device that creates
a break in a circuit. When you
activate the switch, it opens
or closes the circuit. This is
dependent on the type of
switch it is.
● Normally open (N.O.) switches
close the circuit when activated.
● Normally closed (N.C.) switches
open the circuit when activated.
Batteries
Batteries
A battery is a container which
converts chemical energy into
electricity. To over-simplify
the matter, you can say that
it "stores power."
● By placing batteries in series you
are adding the voltage of each
consecutive battery, but the
current stays the same.
● By placing batteries in parallel
the voltage remains the same, but
the amount of current available
doubles.
BreadBoards
BreadBoards
● In the central part there are two
columns of rows that are side-by-
side. This is designed to allow
you to be able to insert an
integrated circuit into the
center. After it is inserted, each
pin of the integrated circuit will
have a row of electrically
continuous holes connected to it.
● On each edge of the breadboard,
there typically runs two
continuous bus lines. One is
intended as a power bus and the
other is intended as a ground bus.
HomeWork
HomeWork
Resistors ¼ Watt: 1KΩ - 47Ω - 470Ω - 10 KΩ
BAttery: 9V - 3V ”2 Batteries 1.5volt”
SPST toggle switch - LED - Bread Board - Small Speaker
Transistor: 2N3906
Potentiometer: 1MΩ
Integrated circuit: LM555
HomeWork

More Related Content

What's hot

Basic electronics, lecture 1
Basic electronics, lecture 1Basic electronics, lecture 1
Basic electronics, lecture 1
Muhammad Ibrahim
 
Electrical instruments ppt
Electrical instruments pptElectrical instruments ppt
Electrical instruments ppt
Amey Waghmare
 
Diode
DiodeDiode
Resistor and its types
Resistor and its typesResistor and its types
Resistor and its types
Sumeet Patel
 
Resistors: Types and Uses
Resistors: Types and UsesResistors: Types and Uses
Resistors: Types and Uses
Jessa Arnado
 
basic electronics
basic  electronicsbasic  electronics
basic electronics
ATTO RATHORE
 
How to use a digital multimeter
How to use a digital multimeterHow to use a digital multimeter
How to use a digital multimeter
Jim Licht
 
An introduction to electronic components
An introduction to electronic componentsAn introduction to electronic components
An introduction to electronic components
Maria Romina Angustia
 
Inductor basics
Inductor   basicsInductor   basics
Electronic Components
Electronic ComponentsElectronic Components
Electronic Components
devikkang
 
Basic electronics final presentation
Basic electronics final presentationBasic electronics final presentation
Basic electronics final presentation
Vijendrasingh Rathor
 
Diodes basics
Diodes   basicsDiodes   basics
Basic electronics component
Basic electronics componentBasic electronics component
Basic electronics component
ABHISHEK MAURYA
 
Diode
DiodeDiode
Introduction to Basic Electronics
Introduction to Basic ElectronicsIntroduction to Basic Electronics
Introduction to Basic Electronics
Ciel Rampen
 
ResistorS
ResistorSResistorS
ResistorS
Mohammad Yousif
 
Types Of Capacitors And Their Applications
Types Of Capacitors And Their ApplicationsTypes Of Capacitors And Their Applications
Types Of Capacitors And Their Applications
elprocus
 
Diodes
Diodes Diodes
Basic concept of electronics.
Basic concept of electronics.Basic concept of electronics.
Basic concept of electronics.
creatjet3d labs
 
Inductors
InductorsInductors

What's hot (20)

Basic electronics, lecture 1
Basic electronics, lecture 1Basic electronics, lecture 1
Basic electronics, lecture 1
 
Electrical instruments ppt
Electrical instruments pptElectrical instruments ppt
Electrical instruments ppt
 
Diode
DiodeDiode
Diode
 
Resistor and its types
Resistor and its typesResistor and its types
Resistor and its types
 
Resistors: Types and Uses
Resistors: Types and UsesResistors: Types and Uses
Resistors: Types and Uses
 
basic electronics
basic  electronicsbasic  electronics
basic electronics
 
How to use a digital multimeter
How to use a digital multimeterHow to use a digital multimeter
How to use a digital multimeter
 
An introduction to electronic components
An introduction to electronic componentsAn introduction to electronic components
An introduction to electronic components
 
Inductor basics
Inductor   basicsInductor   basics
Inductor basics
 
Electronic Components
Electronic ComponentsElectronic Components
Electronic Components
 
Basic electronics final presentation
Basic electronics final presentationBasic electronics final presentation
Basic electronics final presentation
 
Diodes basics
Diodes   basicsDiodes   basics
Diodes basics
 
Basic electronics component
Basic electronics componentBasic electronics component
Basic electronics component
 
Diode
DiodeDiode
Diode
 
Introduction to Basic Electronics
Introduction to Basic ElectronicsIntroduction to Basic Electronics
Introduction to Basic Electronics
 
ResistorS
ResistorSResistorS
ResistorS
 
Types Of Capacitors And Their Applications
Types Of Capacitors And Their ApplicationsTypes Of Capacitors And Their Applications
Types Of Capacitors And Their Applications
 
Diodes
Diodes Diodes
Diodes
 
Basic concept of electronics.
Basic concept of electronics.Basic concept of electronics.
Basic concept of electronics.
 
Inductors
InductorsInductors
Inductors
 

Similar to Introduction to electronics second session

1.pptx4168484105164649489481510120165165161
1.pptx41684841051646494894815101201651651611.pptx4168484105164649489481510120165165161
1.pptx4168484105164649489481510120165165161
vikknaguem
 
Lecture24 basiccircuits
Lecture24 basiccircuitsLecture24 basiccircuits
Lecture24 basiccircuits
Alex Klein
 
Series circuits
Series circuitsSeries circuits
Series circuits
Sammy Tunde
 
Electricity
ElectricityElectricity
Electricity
mrwoollaston
 
Electric Circuits
Electric CircuitsElectric Circuits
Electric Circuits
itutor
 
7 - Rangkuman Rangkaian DC KELAS 12.pptx
7 - Rangkuman Rangkaian DC KELAS 12.pptx7 - Rangkuman Rangkaian DC KELAS 12.pptx
7 - Rangkuman Rangkaian DC KELAS 12.pptx
anishasalsabila
 
Mesh and nodal
Mesh and nodalMesh and nodal
Mesh and nodal
Aneesh Pavan Prodduturu
 
Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)
Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)
Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)
Raboon Redar
 
5.2
5.25.2
EEE ALL 5 UNITS COMBINED NOTES_compressed.pdf
EEE ALL 5 UNITS COMBINED NOTES_compressed.pdfEEE ALL 5 UNITS COMBINED NOTES_compressed.pdf
EEE ALL 5 UNITS COMBINED NOTES_compressed.pdf
kumbhalkarvalay8
 
AC circuit
AC circuitAC circuit
AC circuit
Roppon Picha
 
5-digital_electronics1 (1).pdf
5-digital_electronics1 (1).pdf5-digital_electronics1 (1).pdf
5-digital_electronics1 (1).pdf
HitendraThakur4
 
5-digital_electronics1.pdf
5-digital_electronics1.pdf5-digital_electronics1.pdf
5-digital_electronics1.pdf
sanjayratnaparkhi
 
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student Manual
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student ManualPower Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student Manual
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student Manual
phase3-120A
 
ABE Review Class July 2022.pptx
ABE Review Class July 2022.pptxABE Review Class July 2022.pptx
ABE Review Class July 2022.pptx
mechanics020377
 
AS Level Physics- Electric circuits
AS Level Physics- Electric circuitsAS Level Physics- Electric circuits
AS Level Physics- Electric circuits
Ebin Robinson
 
TOPIC 1.2- Basic Electronics.pptx
TOPIC 1.2- Basic Electronics.pptxTOPIC 1.2- Basic Electronics.pptx
TOPIC 1.2- Basic Electronics.pptx
MartNikkiLoumantilla2
 
BEE_PPT_1.pdf
BEE_PPT_1.pdfBEE_PPT_1.pdf
BEE_PPT_1.pdf
august8th
 
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10thCurrent Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Kamran Abdullah
 
self learing basic electrical.pptx
self learing basic electrical.pptxself learing basic electrical.pptx
self learing basic electrical.pptx
APcreation7
 

Similar to Introduction to electronics second session (20)

1.pptx4168484105164649489481510120165165161
1.pptx41684841051646494894815101201651651611.pptx4168484105164649489481510120165165161
1.pptx4168484105164649489481510120165165161
 
Lecture24 basiccircuits
Lecture24 basiccircuitsLecture24 basiccircuits
Lecture24 basiccircuits
 
Series circuits
Series circuitsSeries circuits
Series circuits
 
Electricity
ElectricityElectricity
Electricity
 
Electric Circuits
Electric CircuitsElectric Circuits
Electric Circuits
 
7 - Rangkuman Rangkaian DC KELAS 12.pptx
7 - Rangkuman Rangkaian DC KELAS 12.pptx7 - Rangkuman Rangkaian DC KELAS 12.pptx
7 - Rangkuman Rangkaian DC KELAS 12.pptx
 
Mesh and nodal
Mesh and nodalMesh and nodal
Mesh and nodal
 
Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)
Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)
Electricity and Electromagnetism (experimental study)
 
5.2
5.25.2
5.2
 
EEE ALL 5 UNITS COMBINED NOTES_compressed.pdf
EEE ALL 5 UNITS COMBINED NOTES_compressed.pdfEEE ALL 5 UNITS COMBINED NOTES_compressed.pdf
EEE ALL 5 UNITS COMBINED NOTES_compressed.pdf
 
AC circuit
AC circuitAC circuit
AC circuit
 
5-digital_electronics1 (1).pdf
5-digital_electronics1 (1).pdf5-digital_electronics1 (1).pdf
5-digital_electronics1 (1).pdf
 
5-digital_electronics1.pdf
5-digital_electronics1.pdf5-digital_electronics1.pdf
5-digital_electronics1.pdf
 
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student Manual
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student ManualPower Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student Manual
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student Manual
 
ABE Review Class July 2022.pptx
ABE Review Class July 2022.pptxABE Review Class July 2022.pptx
ABE Review Class July 2022.pptx
 
AS Level Physics- Electric circuits
AS Level Physics- Electric circuitsAS Level Physics- Electric circuits
AS Level Physics- Electric circuits
 
TOPIC 1.2- Basic Electronics.pptx
TOPIC 1.2- Basic Electronics.pptxTOPIC 1.2- Basic Electronics.pptx
TOPIC 1.2- Basic Electronics.pptx
 
BEE_PPT_1.pdf
BEE_PPT_1.pdfBEE_PPT_1.pdf
BEE_PPT_1.pdf
 
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10thCurrent Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
Current Electricity Chp-8 General Science 9th 10th
 
self learing basic electrical.pptx
self learing basic electrical.pptxself learing basic electrical.pptx
self learing basic electrical.pptx
 

Recently uploaded

Zener Diode and its V-I Characteristics and Applications
Zener Diode and its V-I Characteristics and ApplicationsZener Diode and its V-I Characteristics and Applications
Zener Diode and its V-I Characteristics and Applications
Shiny Christobel
 
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfGenerative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
mahaffeycheryld
 
Introduction to Computer Networks & OSI MODEL.ppt
Introduction to Computer Networks & OSI MODEL.pptIntroduction to Computer Networks & OSI MODEL.ppt
Introduction to Computer Networks & OSI MODEL.ppt
Dwarkadas J Sanghvi College of Engineering
 
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
ecqow
 
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOADObject Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
PreethaV16
 
5G Radio Network Througput Problem Analysis HCIA.pdf
5G Radio Network Througput Problem Analysis HCIA.pdf5G Radio Network Througput Problem Analysis HCIA.pdf
5G Radio Network Througput Problem Analysis HCIA.pdf
AlvianRamadhani5
 
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming languageOOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
PreethaV16
 
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Prakhyath Rai
 
Pressure Relief valve used in flow line to release the over pressure at our d...
Pressure Relief valve used in flow line to release the over pressure at our d...Pressure Relief valve used in flow line to release the over pressure at our d...
Pressure Relief valve used in flow line to release the over pressure at our d...
cannyengineerings
 
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMNull Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
Divyanshu
 
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptx
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptxSENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptx
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptx
b0754201
 
TIME TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM testing.pptx
TIME TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM testing.pptxTIME TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM testing.pptx
TIME TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM testing.pptx
CVCSOfficial
 
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
ydzowc
 
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
PriyankaKilaniya
 
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdfMechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
21UME003TUSHARDEB
 
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
shadow0702a
 
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Prakhyath Rai
 
AI-Based Home Security System : Home security
AI-Based Home Security System : Home securityAI-Based Home Security System : Home security
AI-Based Home Security System : Home security
AIRCC Publishing Corporation
 
ITSM Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
ITSM  Integration with MuleSoft.pptxITSM  Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
ITSM Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
VANDANAMOHANGOUDA
 
Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfBlood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
Kamal Acharya
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Zener Diode and its V-I Characteristics and Applications
Zener Diode and its V-I Characteristics and ApplicationsZener Diode and its V-I Characteristics and Applications
Zener Diode and its V-I Characteristics and Applications
 
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfGenerative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdf
 
Introduction to Computer Networks & OSI MODEL.ppt
Introduction to Computer Networks & OSI MODEL.pptIntroduction to Computer Networks & OSI MODEL.ppt
Introduction to Computer Networks & OSI MODEL.ppt
 
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
 
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOADObject Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
Object Oriented Analysis and Design - OOAD
 
5G Radio Network Througput Problem Analysis HCIA.pdf
5G Radio Network Througput Problem Analysis HCIA.pdf5G Radio Network Througput Problem Analysis HCIA.pdf
5G Radio Network Througput Problem Analysis HCIA.pdf
 
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming languageOOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
 
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...
 
Pressure Relief valve used in flow line to release the over pressure at our d...
Pressure Relief valve used in flow line to release the over pressure at our d...Pressure Relief valve used in flow line to release the over pressure at our d...
Pressure Relief valve used in flow line to release the over pressure at our d...
 
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMNull Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
 
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptx
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptxSENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptx
SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PPT AND Project template_.pptx
 
TIME TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM testing.pptx
TIME TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM testing.pptxTIME TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM testing.pptx
TIME TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM testing.pptx
 
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
 
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
 
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdfMechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
 
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...
 
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...
 
AI-Based Home Security System : Home security
AI-Based Home Security System : Home securityAI-Based Home Security System : Home security
AI-Based Home Security System : Home security
 
ITSM Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
ITSM  Integration with MuleSoft.pptxITSM  Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
ITSM Integration with MuleSoft.pptx
 
Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfBlood finder application project report (1).pdf
Blood finder application project report (1).pdf
 

Introduction to electronics second session

  • 2. Second Session Syllabus Review short circuits Series vs. Parallel Resistance Basic Components
  • 3. Review Electricity “AC - DC” Ohm’s Law “ E = I x R ” Multimeter Circuits
  • 8. Series vs. Parallel Series When things are wired in series, things are wired one after another, such that electricity has to pass through one thing, then the next thing, then the next, and so on. Parallel When things are wired in parallel, they are wired side by side, such that electricity passes through all of them at the same time, from one common point to another common point.
  • 11. Resistance For instance, in the circuit above, the Lamp that electricity is flowing through is adding resistance to the flow of electricity. Thus, all of the electricity passing through the circuit is being put to use. Likewise, if electricity passes through a component that does not add enough resistance to the circuit, a short will likewise occur ”Ohm’s Law” It is very important to prevent short circuits by making sure that the positive voltage is never wired directly to ground.
  • 12. Resistance That said, always keep in mind that electricity always follows the path of least resistance to ground. “What this means is that if you give positive voltage the choice to pass through a lamp to ground, or follow a wire straight to ground, it will follow the wire because the wire provides the least resistance. This also means that by using the wire to bypass the source of resistance straight to ground, you have created a short circuit. Always make sure that you never accidentally connect positive voltage to ground while wiring things in parallel. Also note that a switch does not add any resistance to a circuit and simply adding a switch between power and ground will create a short circuit.”
  • 14. Resistors you could simply look up the values using a graphical resistance calculator
  • 15. Resistors resistors add resistance to the circuit and reduces the flow of electrical current. It is represented in a circuit diagram as a pointy squiggle with a value next to it. Resistors also come with different wattage ratings. For most low-voltage DC circuits, 1/4 watt resistors should be suitable.
  • 17. Switches A switch is basically a mechanical device that creates a break in a circuit. When you activate the switch, it opens or closes the circuit. This is dependent on the type of switch it is. ● Normally open (N.O.) switches close the circuit when activated. ● Normally closed (N.C.) switches open the circuit when activated.
  • 19. Batteries A battery is a container which converts chemical energy into electricity. To over-simplify the matter, you can say that it "stores power." ● By placing batteries in series you are adding the voltage of each consecutive battery, but the current stays the same. ● By placing batteries in parallel the voltage remains the same, but the amount of current available doubles.
  • 21. BreadBoards ● In the central part there are two columns of rows that are side-by- side. This is designed to allow you to be able to insert an integrated circuit into the center. After it is inserted, each pin of the integrated circuit will have a row of electrically continuous holes connected to it. ● On each edge of the breadboard, there typically runs two continuous bus lines. One is intended as a power bus and the other is intended as a ground bus.
  • 23. HomeWork Resistors ¼ Watt: 1KΩ - 47Ω - 470Ω - 10 KΩ BAttery: 9V - 3V ”2 Batteries 1.5volt” SPST toggle switch - LED - Bread Board - Small Speaker Transistor: 2N3906 Potentiometer: 1MΩ Integrated circuit: LM555