This lecture describes the different properties of Embedded Systems Operating Systems that would affect the selection of the most appropriate RTOS in an embedded system application
This lecture provides an overview of the popular RTOS's in the Market along with their main features and common applications
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This lecture is an overview for the topics that will be covered in the course along with some course logistics
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This lecture covers the structure of the Linux filesystem layout and the concept of mounting different filesystems in the main filesystem
Video for this Lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YL1qjqcR9M
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This document provides an overview of an introductory course on Linux for embedded systems using the Raspberry Pi. The course is taught by Ahmed ElArabawy and will cover basic concepts of embedded systems through hands-on projects with the Raspberry Pi. Students will learn about interfaces like GPIO, I2C, SPI and programming languages like Python and C through building simple projects connecting sensors and motors. The course aims to provide students with practical skills in embedded development that can be applied to other platforms beyond the Raspberry Pi.
The document provides a historical overview of Linux and its origins from Unix. It discusses how Unix was initially developed at Bell Labs in the 1960s-1970s and was then further developed into various commercial and non-commercial versions. It also outlines how the GNU project was founded to create a free Unix-like operating system and how Linux was later created by Linus Torvalds to provide the missing kernel to GNU. Finally, it briefly describes the structure of Linux systems including the kernel, user space, and popular desktop environments.
This lecture provides an overview of the popular RTOS's in the Market along with their main features and common applications
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture is an overview for the topics that will be covered in the course along with some course logistics
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture covers the structure of the Linux filesystem layout and the concept of mounting different filesystems in the main filesystem
Video for this Lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YL1qjqcR9M
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on Linux for embedded systems using the Raspberry Pi. The course is taught by Ahmed ElArabawy and will cover basic concepts of embedded systems through hands-on projects with the Raspberry Pi. Students will learn about interfaces like GPIO, I2C, SPI and programming languages like Python and C through building simple projects connecting sensors and motors. The course aims to provide students with practical skills in embedded development that can be applied to other platforms beyond the Raspberry Pi.
The document provides a historical overview of Linux and its origins from Unix. It discusses how Unix was initially developed at Bell Labs in the 1960s-1970s and was then further developed into various commercial and non-commercial versions. It also outlines how the GNU project was founded to create a free Unix-like operating system and how Linux was later created by Linus Torvalds to provide the missing kernel to GNU. Finally, it briefly describes the structure of Linux systems including the kernel, user space, and popular desktop environments.
In this Lab, we go through the steps to prepare the Raspberry Pi board for the projects in the course. this includes selecting the OS and setting it up on the SD card, connecting the Pi, and booting it.
The Lab also goes through setting up the network interfaces (both wired and wireless) and remote connecting into the Pi
Course 101: Lecture 1: Introduction to Embedded SystemsAhmed El-Arabawy
This document introduces embedded systems and embedded Linux development. It defines an embedded system as a computer system dedicated to a single task and integrated into a device, unlike general purpose computers. Examples of embedded systems include phones, tablets, robotics, automobiles, and networking devices. Embedded system development must account for hardware constraints like limited processing, memory, storage, power, and I/O. Developers must optimize for efficiency and footprint while debugging close to the metal. Cross-platform tools are also needed since development occurs on different platforms than deployment.
This lecture is the first part of an introduction to SVC tools with a focus on Git and GitHub. This Lecture discusses the basic concepts as well as Installation and initial configuration of Git
Course 101: Lecture 2: Introduction to Operating Systems Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture goes into an introduction to the role and functionality of operating systems in Embedded Systems and in computer systems in general
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture addresses the Use of Signals by the Linux Kernel, and the process behavior upon receiving signals. The popular signals are outlined
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This lecture Introduces how Linux Handles Input and Output of its processes. It discusses the TTY/PTY devices and different types of terminals (Physical Terminal, Virtual Terminals, and Emulated Terminals)
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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Lecturer Profile:
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The document provides a historical overview of Linux and embedded systems. It discusses the origins and development of Unix, GNU, and Linux. Key points include:
- Unix was first created at Bell Labs in 1969 and was highly portable due to being written in C. This led to its widespread use.
- Richard Stallman founded the GNU project in 1983 to create a free Unix-like operating system. GNU created many important tools but lacked the kernel.
- Linus Torvalds developed the Linux kernel in 1991, combining it with GNU tools to create a free open-source operating system similar to Unix.
- Today Linux is widely used in embedded systems, having been ported to architectures like ARM, M
This lecture targets to install Ubuntu on a VM. It starts by describing some info about Virtualization Virtual Machines, followed by installation procedure. The lecture then goes through the UI of Ubuntu.
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Introduction to operating system, system calls and interruptsShivam Mitra
1.Topics to focus for OS interviews
2. Introduction to operating system with architecture diagram
3. Operating system vs Kernel
4. Examples of operating system and Kernel
5. System calls, context switch and interrupts
This Presentation Speaks about Compiling Linux Kernel from source, How Device Drivers are implemented in Linux,Udev,Loading and Unloading of Kernel modules.
Shreyas MM
www.shreyasmm.com
Windows CE is a real-time operating system that can run on various hardware platforms. It is a compact version of Windows that allows for customization and supports functions like industrial automation, medical devices, and VoIP. Windows CE uses a board support package to implement drivers and adapt to different hardware. It has a smaller footprint than desktop Windows, supports real-time capabilities, and allows for customization of operating system components.
Course 102: Lecture 20: Networking In Linux (Basic Concepts) Ahmed El-Arabawy
Linux networking concepts allow machines to connect and communicate over a network. This includes identifying interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, DNS servers, and network protocols like ARP and NAT. Networking is essential for tasks like accessing the internet, copying files remotely, and debugging embedded systems that typically lack local interfaces. Core networking commands like ifconfig, route, arp, and resolv.conf are used to configure and view network settings and operations.
Linux is a widely used open source operating system kernel that can also refer to full operating system distributions. It is commonly used in embedded systems due to its portability, modularity, and ability to run on hardware with limited resources. Device drivers can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the Linux kernel as modules, allowing new functionality to be added without rebooting the system. This makes Linux well-suited for embedded device development.
The document discusses device drivers and kernel modules in Linux. It describes the role of device drivers in providing abstraction between hardware and software. Device drivers require low-level access to hardware and operate in a privileged environment. The document also covers loading kernel modules dynamically at runtime using insmod and rmmod. It discusses different types of devices, modules, and the initialization and cleanup functions required for modules.
The document discusses process management in Linux, including scheduling, context switching, and real-time systems. It defines process scheduling as determining which ready process moves to the running state, with the goal of keeping the CPU busy and minimizing response times. Context switching is described as storing the state of a process when it stops running so the CPU can restore another process's state when it starts running. CPU scheduling decisions occur when a process changes state, such as from running to waiting. Real-time systems must meet strict deadlines, and the document discusses soft and hard real-time systems as well as differences between general purpose, real-time, and embedded operating systems.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in embedded systems including embedded system components, requirements, trends, common design metrics, development tools, communication protocols like I2C and SPI, and real-time operating systems (RTOS). It defines embedded systems and how they differ from general purpose systems. It also discusses RTOS features like multitasking, task priority, inter-task communication, and how they help achieve real-time capabilities. Key sections of the RTOS are identified including task management, scheduling, synchronization, and interrupt handling.
This lecture discusses the concept of Multi-User support in Linux. It discusses how Linux protects user files and resources from other user unauthorized access. It also shows how to share resources and files among users, how to add/del users and groups.
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Embedded Systems: Lecture 13: Introduction to GNU Toolchain (Build Tools)Ahmed El-Arabawy
The document discusses Linux toolchains used for embedded systems development. It describes the main components of the GNU toolchain including gcc (compiler), ld (linker), ar (library archiver) and other tools. It explains the compilation process from source code to executable, use of static and dynamic libraries, and how the dynamic linker locates libraries at runtime. Commands for building, linking and debugging programs are also covered.
This lecture is the second part of an introduction to SVC tools with a focus on Git and GitHub. This Lecture discusses the Git Object Model and Some Git Commands to perform basic operations
In this Lab, we go through the steps to prepare the Raspberry Pi board for the projects in the course. this includes selecting the OS and setting it up on the SD card, connecting the Pi, and booting it.
The Lab also goes through setting up the network interfaces (both wired and wireless) and remote connecting into the Pi
Course 101: Lecture 1: Introduction to Embedded SystemsAhmed El-Arabawy
This document introduces embedded systems and embedded Linux development. It defines an embedded system as a computer system dedicated to a single task and integrated into a device, unlike general purpose computers. Examples of embedded systems include phones, tablets, robotics, automobiles, and networking devices. Embedded system development must account for hardware constraints like limited processing, memory, storage, power, and I/O. Developers must optimize for efficiency and footprint while debugging close to the metal. Cross-platform tools are also needed since development occurs on different platforms than deployment.
This lecture is the first part of an introduction to SVC tools with a focus on Git and GitHub. This Lecture discusses the basic concepts as well as Installation and initial configuration of Git
Course 101: Lecture 2: Introduction to Operating Systems Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture goes into an introduction to the role and functionality of operating systems in Embedded Systems and in computer systems in general
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture addresses the Use of Signals by the Linux Kernel, and the process behavior upon receiving signals. The popular signals are outlined
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture Introduces how Linux Handles Input and Output of its processes. It discusses the TTY/PTY devices and different types of terminals (Physical Terminal, Virtual Terminals, and Emulated Terminals)
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
The document provides a historical overview of Linux and embedded systems. It discusses the origins and development of Unix, GNU, and Linux. Key points include:
- Unix was first created at Bell Labs in 1969 and was highly portable due to being written in C. This led to its widespread use.
- Richard Stallman founded the GNU project in 1983 to create a free Unix-like operating system. GNU created many important tools but lacked the kernel.
- Linus Torvalds developed the Linux kernel in 1991, combining it with GNU tools to create a free open-source operating system similar to Unix.
- Today Linux is widely used in embedded systems, having been ported to architectures like ARM, M
This lecture targets to install Ubuntu on a VM. It starts by describing some info about Virtualization Virtual Machines, followed by installation procedure. The lecture then goes through the UI of Ubuntu.
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Introduction to operating system, system calls and interruptsShivam Mitra
1.Topics to focus for OS interviews
2. Introduction to operating system with architecture diagram
3. Operating system vs Kernel
4. Examples of operating system and Kernel
5. System calls, context switch and interrupts
This Presentation Speaks about Compiling Linux Kernel from source, How Device Drivers are implemented in Linux,Udev,Loading and Unloading of Kernel modules.
Shreyas MM
www.shreyasmm.com
Windows CE is a real-time operating system that can run on various hardware platforms. It is a compact version of Windows that allows for customization and supports functions like industrial automation, medical devices, and VoIP. Windows CE uses a board support package to implement drivers and adapt to different hardware. It has a smaller footprint than desktop Windows, supports real-time capabilities, and allows for customization of operating system components.
Course 102: Lecture 20: Networking In Linux (Basic Concepts) Ahmed El-Arabawy
Linux networking concepts allow machines to connect and communicate over a network. This includes identifying interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, DNS servers, and network protocols like ARP and NAT. Networking is essential for tasks like accessing the internet, copying files remotely, and debugging embedded systems that typically lack local interfaces. Core networking commands like ifconfig, route, arp, and resolv.conf are used to configure and view network settings and operations.
Linux is a widely used open source operating system kernel that can also refer to full operating system distributions. It is commonly used in embedded systems due to its portability, modularity, and ability to run on hardware with limited resources. Device drivers can be dynamically loaded and unloaded from the Linux kernel as modules, allowing new functionality to be added without rebooting the system. This makes Linux well-suited for embedded device development.
The document discusses device drivers and kernel modules in Linux. It describes the role of device drivers in providing abstraction between hardware and software. Device drivers require low-level access to hardware and operate in a privileged environment. The document also covers loading kernel modules dynamically at runtime using insmod and rmmod. It discusses different types of devices, modules, and the initialization and cleanup functions required for modules.
The document discusses process management in Linux, including scheduling, context switching, and real-time systems. It defines process scheduling as determining which ready process moves to the running state, with the goal of keeping the CPU busy and minimizing response times. Context switching is described as storing the state of a process when it stops running so the CPU can restore another process's state when it starts running. CPU scheduling decisions occur when a process changes state, such as from running to waiting. Real-time systems must meet strict deadlines, and the document discusses soft and hard real-time systems as well as differences between general purpose, real-time, and embedded operating systems.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in embedded systems including embedded system components, requirements, trends, common design metrics, development tools, communication protocols like I2C and SPI, and real-time operating systems (RTOS). It defines embedded systems and how they differ from general purpose systems. It also discusses RTOS features like multitasking, task priority, inter-task communication, and how they help achieve real-time capabilities. Key sections of the RTOS are identified including task management, scheduling, synchronization, and interrupt handling.
This lecture discusses the concept of Multi-User support in Linux. It discusses how Linux protects user files and resources from other user unauthorized access. It also shows how to share resources and files among users, how to add/del users and groups.
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Embedded Systems: Lecture 13: Introduction to GNU Toolchain (Build Tools)Ahmed El-Arabawy
The document discusses Linux toolchains used for embedded systems development. It describes the main components of the GNU toolchain including gcc (compiler), ld (linker), ar (library archiver) and other tools. It explains the compilation process from source code to executable, use of static and dynamic libraries, and how the dynamic linker locates libraries at runtime. Commands for building, linking and debugging programs are also covered.
This lecture is the second part of an introduction to SVC tools with a focus on Git and GitHub. This Lecture discusses the Git Object Model and Some Git Commands to perform basic operations
Embedded Systems: Lecture 8: Lab 1: Building a Raspberry Pi Based WiFi APAhmed El-Arabawy
In this Lab, we go through the steps to build a WiFi Access Point using the Raspberry Pi. The Lab starts by introducing some concepts of Wireless LANs followed by step-by-step procedure to build the AP. The Lab concludes by an evaluation of the performance of the built AP
Embedded Systems: Lecture 2: Introduction to Embedded SystemsAhmed El-Arabawy
This lecture provides an introduction to Embedded Systems and its applications. It also outlines some of the differences for developing embedded systems compared to traditional systems
This lecture discusses a group of techniques to use commands output/Input to feed into other commands or into files. It also covers argument expansion and quoting
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This lecture covers the handling of files and file management commands by Linux Subsystems. It also covers creating both Hard Links and Symbolic Links
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Course 102: Lecture 25: Devices and Device Drivers Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture discusses the concept of Linux device Drivers and Kernel Loadable Modules in general. It shows how to handle them such as loading/unloading ,and querying for their info. It also discusses the role of device files and how it binds to device drivers in the Linux Kernel
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qhgMyPyvVE
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture describes the virtual filesystems procfs and sysfs.
Video for this Lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlxL-iQN6No
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture discusses the different techniques used to install, uninstall and upgrade software packages in Linux and the associated tools
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFqdupd9wKk
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Course 102: Lecture 10: Learning About the Shell Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture Introduces the shell program, its role, its functionality , and the categories of commands to run on it. It also discusses the different scripts executed at shell startup
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Course 102: Lecture 27: FileSystems in Linux (Part 2)Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture goes through the different types of Filesystems and some commands that are used with filesystems. It introduces the filesystems ext2/3/4 , JFFS2, cramfs, ramfs, tmpfs, and NFS.
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPtPsc6uaKY
Check the other Lectures and courses in
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or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture covers the use of wild cards in Linux commands, as well as escape sequences
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Course 102: Lecture 3: Basic Concepts And Commands Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture covers the basic file management commands
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This document provides an overview of the Operating System & Linux Programming course. It discusses key topics like operating system structure, functions, and operations. These include process management, memory management, storage management, protection and security. It also describes computer system organization, including hardware components and multiprocessing. Examples of kernel data structures and computing environments like mobile, distributed and open-source systems are also summarized.
It is comprised of the five classical components (input, output, processor, memory, and datapath). The processor is divided into an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit, a method of organization that persists to the present.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts. It begins with an introduction to operating systems and their basic functions such as executing programs, allocating resources, and acting as an interface between hardware and software. It then describes computer system organization including CPUs, memory, I/O devices, and buses. Next, it discusses operating system structure, operations, and common components like process management, memory management, and storage management. Finally, it provides examples of different computing environments and open-source operating systems.
The document outlines the key concepts covered in an operating systems course, including:
1. Operating system structures like processes, threads, CPU scheduling, synchronization, deadlocks, memory and file systems.
2. Linux and Windows system internals such as interrupts, device drivers, and protection.
3. Distributed systems topics like networks, client-server models, peer-to-peer architectures, and virtual machines.
The document provides an overview of operating system concepts and components. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the user. The key components of a computer system are described as the hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. The document outlines the basic functions of an operating system including managing processes, memory, storage, protection and security. It provides descriptions of computer system organization, interrupt handling, I/O structure, storage hierarchy and memory management. The structures of multiprogramming, timesharing and virtual memory systems are also summarized.
The document provides an introduction to operating systems, describing their key functions and components. It defines an operating system as a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. The main goals of an OS are to execute user programs, make the system convenient to use, and efficiently manage computer resources. A computer system consists of hardware, an operating system, application programs, and users. The OS provides abstraction of hardware, manages resources like CPU and memory, controls program execution, and allows programs to share resources while isolating them from each other. It also discusses system calls, OS structure including monolithic, microkernel and hybrid kernels, and how OS boots a computer system.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It defines embedded systems as computing systems with tightly coupled hardware and software that are designed to perform dedicated functions. Embedded systems have characteristics like reliability, efficiency, constrained resources, single-functionality, complex functionality where safety is critical. Common applications include automotive, telecommunications, consumer electronics, industrial equipment, medical devices, and more. The document outlines the design process for embedded systems including hardware/software partitioning and discusses processing engines like microprocessors and microcontrollers. It provides details on memory types, CPU architectures, and concludes with an overview of the software development process.
This document provides an introduction and overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that manages computer resources and acts as an intermediary between hardware and software. It discusses the evolution of operating systems from early systems with manual controls to modern systems with timesharing, multiprocessing, and graphical user interfaces. It also describes different types of operating systems including single-user, distributed, network, multiprocessor, real-time, and embedded operating systems.
This document summarizes a seminar on embedded systems. It begins with an introduction that defines embedded systems as computer systems designed to perform specific tasks. It discusses differences between embedded and general-purpose computer systems. Embedded systems are application-specific, use specialized hardware, and are designed to conceal the processor. The document also covers embedded software development processes, common memory types, programming languages like C and applications of embedded systems in various devices. It concludes by noting the increasing prevalence of embedded systems and ongoing demand for skills in their design.
Compilers can have a huge effect on software efficiency and performance by changing what user experiences are possible and reducing CPU and resource usage. They work by parsing code, generating machine-friendly representations, and emitting optimized machine code. As web programming grew in complexity, developers started building more efficient compilers for dynamic languages to preserve rapid development workflows while improving performance. There are various approaches to building compilers like interpreters, transpilers, using backends like LLVM, and fully custom solutions. The best approach depends on goals, constraints, and tradeoffs around control, performance, and development effort. Optimization focuses should include memory usage, caching, and runtime layout. Future areas may include database query compilation for real-time analytics on large datasets.
The document discusses computer architecture and memory. It describes the core components of a CPU like the ALU, control unit, and registers. It explains different memory types like RAM, ROM, and cache and how they work. It also discusses memory mapping and addressing, describing how applications are logically connected to memory segments via a memory manager rather than having direct physical access.
EC 308 Embedded Systems Module 1 Notes APJKTUAgi George
The document provides information about embedded systems and the ARM 9 microprocessor. It discusses:
1. The definition and components of an embedded system, including the real-time operating system (RTOS).
2. The features of RTOS compared to non-real time operating systems.
3. An overview of the ARM 9 microprocessor, including its 5-stage pipeline, cache memory, and support for both ARM and Thumb instruction sets.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a kernel security workshop. It introduces the speaker Mohit Saxena and his background. The agenda covers OS and kernel overview topics like processes, interrupts, memory management, and multitasking. It discusses kernel architecture approaches like monolithic, layered, and microkernel. It also covers security concepts like DAC, LSM, and SELinux. Specific topics on Linux and BSD kernel security are included. The agenda concludes with a live SDWAN demo and a workshop on building a firewall using FreeBSD.
This document provides instructor materials for a chapter on installing Windows operating systems. The chapter covers modern operating systems, operating system installation, and includes a summary. It discusses operating system requirements, types of operating systems, hardware requirements, and the Windows installation process including partitioning drives, account creation, and configuration options.
The document provides an introduction to operating systems, describing their goals and functions. It discusses the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It then describes what operating systems do from different perspectives, such as managing shared resources efficiently. The rest of the document outlines some key operating system concepts like process management, memory management, file system management, and how interrupts, multiprogramming, and multitasking work.
The document provides an outline on operating systems memory storage and management. It discusses how the OS must manage memory to ensure each process has enough space to execute without interfering with other processes. It describes different types of memory like cache, RAM, and disk and how the OS uses these properly. Specific topics covered include cache memory, RAM, virtual memory using swap files, the kernel, kernel types, shells, types of shells, shell scripting, and the four freedoms of open source software.
Over the last three decades, the opensource movement has been pushing to open every piece of closed-source software.
Linux & BSDs successfully proved that opensource can provide state-of-the-art operating systems: Internet, clouds or large infrastructures couldn't work without OSS.
Having control over the operating system doesn't mean servers and the infrastructure are totally open, OSS won a battle but not the war.
Criteo will present its vision to break the last barriers and open the last bits of proprietary software running in modern infrastructure and the challenges that go with it.
The document discusses various topics related to operating systems including threads vs processes, scheduling policies, and different operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. It provides information on CPU scheduling policies like priority scheduling and shortest remaining time first. It also discusses concepts like context switching, threads, and multi-level feedback queue scheduling.
1. The document provides an introduction to operating systems, covering topics like computer system architecture, operating system structure and operations, types of computing environments, and operating system services.
2. It describes the basic components of an operating system including process management, memory management, storage management, I/O subsystem management, and protection and security.
3. Various computing environments are discussed, including stand-alone systems, distributed systems, client-server models, peer-to-peer networks, virtualization, cloud computing, and real-time embedded systems.
Similar to Embedded Systems: Lecture 4: Selecting the Proper RTOS (20)
Course 102: Lecture 26: FileSystems in Linux (Part 1) Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture introduces some concepts about FileSystems in Linux.
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jj1QOokACo
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
Course 102: Lecture 24: Archiving and Compression of Files Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture discusses the different commands and utilities used for archiving and compression of files and directories in Linux
Video for this lecture on youtube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6ZQ6PJyy28
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
Ahmed ElArabawy
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture addresses the internals of Linux processes, and its life cycle. This includes its creation, termination, and state transitions during its existence. It also addresses the difference between processes and threads in Linux
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This document discusses process monitoring in Linux systems. It describes various commands and attributes used to monitor and view information about running processes. Some key points:
- The ps command displays information about running processes and has many options to define the scope and format of the output.
- The top command provides a dynamic real-time view of process resource usage, including CPU usage and memory usage.
- Process attributes that can be viewed include the process ID, parent process ID, user IDs, priority levels set by the nice value, and more.
- Additional commands are described that provide system information like uptime, load averages, memory and swap usage.
Course 102: Lecture 16: Process Management (Part 2) Ahmed El-Arabawy
This lecture continues to introduce concepts about processes in Linux. It describes both Automatic processes and Daemon Processes.
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture discusses the concept of Regular Expressions along with its usage in different tools such as grep, sed, and awk
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This document provides an overview of basic text handling in Linux, including displaying, merging, creating, editing, sorting, searching, comparing, and patching text files. It discusses commands like cat, more, less, head, tail, grep, sort, uniq, wc, diff, and patch. The diff command is used to compare files and generate patch files, while patch applies patches to update files. Formats for diff output include normal, context, and unified, and patch can be used to update both single files and directory trees.
This lecture discusses the Environment Variables concept, usage, and how processes acquire them. It then goes through the most popular ones
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture discusses a group of Utilities and Commands that will be used in the following lectures and are very useful for CLI Users and Bash Script Programmers
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture discusses the different Help Commands to get more details about Linux CLI Commands
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
This lecture covers the structure of the Linux filesystem layout and the concept of mounting different filesystems in the main filesystem
Check the other Lectures and courses in
http://Linux4EnbeddedSystems.com
or Follow our Facebook Group at
- Facebook: @LinuxforEmbeddedSystems
Lecturer Profile:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedelarabawy
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
3. Do We Have to Have an OS ?
• Not really
• Very simple embedded systems don’t need an operating system, and
development happens directly on the hardware
• Also, code for a bootloader or a kernel does not assume an OS
• Development is normally done in assembly language and in C
• No support of multiple tasks, or multiple processes, a simple loop
runs the different functionality back to back
• No or minimal support of Timers…
• Storing info in the flash is done in a very primitive way
• These systems are very limited in functionality
5. Cost ….
• Commercial OS’s
• Different cost models:
• Fixed price for OS License
• Per device type or family
• Per processor
• Per device line
• Per seat license for associated tools
• License fee per unit (Royalty cost )
• Others…..
• Free OS’s
• No direct cost for using the OS and plenty of tools
• Sometimes there is indirect costs such as
• Support
• Special services
• Special versions (more reliability, or better performance)
• Some associated tools
• With time more and more free tools
• Examples include Linux, uClinux, Ecos,..
6. Hardware Requirements
• Each OS has its own hardware requirements
• Some OS’s require 32 bit processors, others are OK with 8 bits
• Some OS’s require a processor with MMU, others are fine without it
• Each OS has its own minimum memory and storage requirements
• Also, the embedded platform may have some requirements
• Does it need a USB 2.0 Support ?
• Does it need TCP/IP support ?
7. Portability
• We may need to migrate to a different Hardware Platform
• Each OS has its own list of supported architectures
• We may need to migrate our code to a different OS
• Software portability can be achieved by support of APIs (such as
POSIX)
8. Footprint
• Footprint is the required size of storage and memory required
to start and operate the OS
• Some OS’s require very small footprint (as low as 2 KB), while
others require much bigger size (Several Mega Bytes)
• The size of the embedded device and its storage resources
may dictate which OS to use
9. Support of Real Time
• Embedded Applications usually come with real time
constraints
• This require support for Real Time in the OS
• Real Time Operating System = RTOS
• Real time support does not mean fast response only, it means
Predictable Response also
10. Support of Real Time
• Fast Response does not necessary mean Predictable response
• RTOS requires Predictable response, to make sure tasks meet the
target hard real time constraints
• This means,
• No background tasks that startup in random fashion and affect
response time
• Scheduling provides some guarantees
• Short Interrupt Latency
• Fast Context Switch
11. Configurability
• Some embedded OS’s come with the option to be configurable
• This means that some of their features are optional, and can be
carved out if not needed by the embedded application or the
hardware
• This way we can customize our OS to the needs of the application
• Accordingly, we reach a smaller footprint and proper functionality
support
12. Support
• One important aspect of choosing an OS is the level of support
for that OS
• Is it only offered by the vendor ?
• Do we have strong community support ?
• Availability of Documentation
13. Source Code
• Closed Source OS’s (Proprietary)
• Open Sources OS’s
• Partially Open Source OS’s
14. Source Code
• Closed Source OS’s (Proprietary)
• Open Sources OS’s
• Partially Open Source OS’s