This document discusses methods for controlling soil erosion. It explains that maintaining good soil structure, adequate crop cover, and special erosion control practices can effectively control both water and wind erosion. The main methods described are cover methods like mulching and cover crops, and barrier methods like terracing. Cover methods aim to protect the soil surface, while barrier methods disrupt water flow. Choosing appropriate practices based on each erosion problem can provide an effective remedy.
soil erosion is the one of the severe problem now a days. we should know about types of soil erosion , its effect on environment and how it to be prevented by various method..in these slides gives brief idea about types and erosion of soil erosion.
Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away (by wind or water) of the top layer of soil (dirt).Erosion also leaves large holes in the earth, which can weaken buildings and even cause them to collapse.
This presentation includes description about water erosion, types of water erosion i.e. Raindrop erosion, Sheet erosion, Rill erosion, Gully erosion, Stream bank erosion, Sea-shore erosion Landslide/ slip erosion and Tunnel erosion.
wind erosion and its control measures, factor affecting wind erosion, mechanics of wind erosion, types of soil transportation, suspension, saltation and surface creep, windbreak, shelterbelt, sand duns
soil erosion is the one of the severe problem now a days. we should know about types of soil erosion , its effect on environment and how it to be prevented by various method..in these slides gives brief idea about types and erosion of soil erosion.
Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away (by wind or water) of the top layer of soil (dirt).Erosion also leaves large holes in the earth, which can weaken buildings and even cause them to collapse.
This presentation includes description about water erosion, types of water erosion i.e. Raindrop erosion, Sheet erosion, Rill erosion, Gully erosion, Stream bank erosion, Sea-shore erosion Landslide/ slip erosion and Tunnel erosion.
wind erosion and its control measures, factor affecting wind erosion, mechanics of wind erosion, types of soil transportation, suspension, saltation and surface creep, windbreak, shelterbelt, sand duns
This presentation includes definition of Soil Erosion, Causes of Soil Erosion, Types of Soil Erosion, Agents of Soil Erosion, Factors Affecting Soil Erosion, Mechanics of Soil Erosion and
Ill Effects of Soil Erosion
Soil and water conservation engineering, water erosion, types of water erosion, splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion, stream bank erosion, coastal erosion
THIS PRESENTATION IS ON SOIL EROSION WHICH INCLUDES A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT SOIL EROSION, CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION,EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION AND SOLUTIONS FOR PREVENTING SOIL EROSION
Soil conservation practices can reduce soil erosion caused by flooding, wind and other agents. As well soil conservation practices restore fertility, fauna and flora and reduce contamination caused by chemicals...
The Formation of a particular type of soil depends upon the physico-chemical properties of the parent rock, intensity and duration of weathering, climatic and other parameters. This module highlights these aspects for a basic understanding.
This presentation includes definition of Soil Erosion, Causes of Soil Erosion, Types of Soil Erosion, Agents of Soil Erosion, Factors Affecting Soil Erosion, Mechanics of Soil Erosion and
Ill Effects of Soil Erosion
Soil and water conservation engineering, water erosion, types of water erosion, splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion, stream bank erosion, coastal erosion
THIS PRESENTATION IS ON SOIL EROSION WHICH INCLUDES A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT SOIL EROSION, CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION,EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION AND SOLUTIONS FOR PREVENTING SOIL EROSION
Soil conservation practices can reduce soil erosion caused by flooding, wind and other agents. As well soil conservation practices restore fertility, fauna and flora and reduce contamination caused by chemicals...
The Formation of a particular type of soil depends upon the physico-chemical properties of the parent rock, intensity and duration of weathering, climatic and other parameters. This module highlights these aspects for a basic understanding.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Control of soil erosion
1. Control of Soil Erosion
Prepared by:
Presented with:
Sagun paudel
Health Assistant , • Rajendra sapkota
Student of BPH @ lA • Rabeeta pokhrel
GRANDEE international
college, simalchour
Pokhara
2. Introduction
While protecting and improving land
investment, controlling soil erosion will:
• sustain or improve crop yields
• reduce drainage costs
• retain nutrients and chemicals where
applied
• reduce hazards when working on eroding
soil, and
• help improve water quality.
3. Management of soil for water and wind erosion
control is based on sensible soil conservation
practices. The majority of these practices are
recognized components of good soil, crop, and
water management.
For effective erosion control:
• maintain good soil structure
• protect the soil surface by adequate crop and
residue cover, and
• use special structural erosion control practices
where necessary.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 3
4. These factors often control both water and wind
erosion. Not all erosion control practices will fit
into every farm management scheme.
However, each erosion problem can be
remedied by choosing one or more of the
remedial practices appropriate to the problem.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 4
5. METHOD OF CONTROL
1. COVER methods
o Mulching
o Cover crops and green manures
o Green manures - also usually legumes
o Mixed cropping and inter-cropping
o Early planting
o Crop residues
o Agroforestry
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 5
6. 2. BARRIER methods
o Man-made terraces
o Contour ploughing
o Contour barriers
o Natural terraces
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 6
7. A permanent vegetative cover is the best
protection for soil. The moment vegetation is
destroy the condition becomes favorable for soil
erosion.
Studies at Phewa Tal watershed has indicated
that bare ground allows four times more soil
erosion compared to permanent plant covered
ground.
In this method we try to plant such species,
which are capable of holding soil strongly and
can survive in very adverse soil condition.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 7
8. Beside this the farming system should also be
considered. Improper cultivation leads to severe
soil erosion. So land use system should be
properly implemented. The main principle of
biological control is to prevent high speed of
water and conserve water within the soil. In
biological control following method can be
adopted.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 8
9. Mulching: mulching is the covering of the soil
with crop residues such as straw, maize, stalks
etc. these cover protects the soil from the rain
drop impact and reduces the velocity of run off
and wind. It is also useful as an alternative to
cover crop in dry areas where a cover crop should
complete for moisture with the main crop.
Cover crop: they are grown as a conservation
measure either during off-season or as ground
protection under trees. They are grown as winter
annuals and, after harvest, are ploughed to form
a green manure.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 9
10. Multiple cropping: the aim of multiple cropping is
to increase the production from the land whilst
providing protection of the soil against erosion. It
includes:
• Rotation: growing different crops consequently in
rotation reduces erosion as high rate of soil loss
under row crop is counteracted by low rates
under other crops.
• Strip cropping: row crops and protection effective
crops (legumes and grasses) are grown in
alternate strips aligned on the contour or
perpendicular to the wind. It is suitable for the
slope of 30o.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 10
11. High density cropping: it is used to try to obtain
the same effects for a monoculture that multiple
cropping achieves for two or more crops.
Agro forestry: Trees can be incorporated within
a farming system by planting them on terraces,
contour bounds and as ornamental around the
homestead. This reduces soil erosion and
provides additional needs to the farmers.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 11
12. Shifting cultivation: an areas forest is cleared by
slash and burn, and cultivated with crops for a
second year before being allowed to revert to
scrub and secondary forest. This practice will
maintain soil fertility and reduce soil erosion as
long as the low ratio population to land areas is
maintained.
Rotational grazing: for controlling erosion on
grasslands, rotational grazing is practiced i.e. The
stock is moved from one pasture to other, to give
time for the grass to recover.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 12
13. Proper forest management: though erosion
under forest cover is less, sever erosion may
result when the hill forest area is subjected to
clear felling, selection or shelter wood system
should be adopted.
Reforestation / afforestation: vegetation play the
major role in erosion control on gullies areas
and landslides. So forestation programs should
be prioritized.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 13
14. Soil management: it maintains and improves fertility and
structure of soils. High fertile soil results in high crop yield,
good plant cover and therefore in conditions, which
minimize the affect of erosive agent nevertheless extensive
soil, management is not viable for land use other than
agriculture. It includes;
• Increasing organic matter content: organic matter
improves the cohesiveness, water retention capacity and
structure of soil. Green manure, straw etc should be
added as organic substance in agriculture lands, though
tree litters maintain adequate organic content in forest
soil.
• Using soil stabilizers: it consists of organic by products,
synthetic polymers and polyvalent salts. The former two
bind the soil particles into aggregates and latter bring
about flocculation of the clay particles. However soil
stabilizers are expensive for general forestry use.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 14
15. Continued covering: - Once the land is naked
there is high possibility of soil erosion. Hence the
land should be kept covered all round the year.
Inter cropping: - In this method, the spaces
among the tree species are covered with
agriculture crops, which help in soil and water
conservation.
Mixed cropping: - In this system two or more
than two crops are raised in the same land and in
the same time. The benefit is that due to
different kind of roots, soil is protected more
perfectly.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 15
16. Wind breaks: - Windbreaks are usually used in plain
areas where the wind moves rapidly and forcely
which detaches soil particles causing soil erosion. In
this method tree species of streng trunk, deep
rooted and large crown are preferred which are
raised around the agricultural land
Rotational cropping: - Raising only one species
every year may turn the soil infertile and may lead
to erosion. So rotational cropping is necessary. In
this system one crop is followed by next crop
usually legume which makes the soil fertile.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 16
17. Terracing: - In hilly areas, the farming should be
done only when the land is terraced properly
because without terracing the run-off is
increased and soil is easily eroded.
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 17
18. REFERENCE:
http://www.forestrynepal.org
13/10/2012 Env health- class Presentation 18