The document discusses biological practices for soil conservation. It describes agronomic practices like contour farming, crop rotation, and mulching. It also discusses agrostological methods such as cultivating grasses, afforestation, and controlling overgrazing. Dry farming practices that conserve water and reduce erosion are also outlined. In conclusion, biological soil conservation maintains vegetation cover and includes practices like contour farming, crop rotation, and reforestation to effectively reduce erosion at low cost.

2. Aqib Hussain Sial
Presentation Topic:
Biological Practices to Conserve Soil

3. Main Aims of Soil Conservation
To protect the soil from erosion
To maintain the productive capacity of the
soil

4. Soil conservation Practices
Biological Practices
Mechanical or Engineering methods

5. Biological Practices
Agronomic practices
Agrostological methods
Dry farming practices

6. Agronomic practices
Contour farming
Tillage and keeping the land fallow
Crop rotation, sowing of leguminous crops
and mixed cropping
Mulching
Strip cropping

7. Contour farming
It is practiced in the hilly regions or on the
slopes
The sloppy areas are ploughed and seeded
against the slope
Contours catch the downwardly moving
water until it is absorbed in the soil

8. Tillage and fallowing of land
In dry regions, shallow ploughing gives
comparatively suitable crop yields Shallow
ploughing gets rid of the weeds and allows the soil
to soak up water.
Deep ploughing of ends in soil erosion but
in the regions wherein rainfall is adequately excessive,
deep ploughing (upto 15-30 cm deep) is powerful in
eliminating weeds and increasing plants yields.

9. Crop rotation, sowing of leguminous
crops and mixed cropping
When the identical crop‘s grown in the field every year, the
soil becomes depleted in certain minerals
The soil loses its fertility even after the usage of fertilizers
and in the end, erosion sets in
Rotation of plants is an essential approach for checking
erosion and maintaining productivity of soil
After 2 years crop should be changed in the fields.

10. Mulching
It approach covering the soil surface by means of straw,
leaves or grasses
Mulches of various types check soil erosion, increase soil
fertility and also minimize moisture evaporation from the top
soils
Diverse varieties of surface tillers and crop residues are
beneficial in obstructing the movement of soil particles.

11. Strip cropping
It's far an essential approach which employs all of the
advanced cultivation practices such as contour farming,
proper tillage, crop rotation, mulching, cover cropping, and
many others. Strip cropping is very effective and realistic
manner for controlling soil erosion.

12. Agrostological methods
Cultivation of grasses (ley farming)
Afforestation and Reforestation
Checking of overgrazing.

13. Dry farming practices
Dry farming is beneficial in the areas where rainfall could be
very low, uneven in distribution. In such areas maximum
conservation of water within the soil and reduction of soil
erosion are the two principal issues
This exercise consists in bonding, both contour and
compartmental, and all other advanced agricultural practices
to conserve maximum quantity of rain water within the soil
so as to make it available for plants during their growth
period

14. Conclusion
 Biological method of soil conservation is various ways of
maintaining a cover of vegetation during the periods of high
erosion threat.
 Contour farming, crop rotation, strip cropping, choice of crops,
mulching, cover crop, reforestation, mixed crop, wind breaks are
major biological soil conservation methods.
 Biological method are an effective method of soil conservation.
For the reason that low cost.
 Biological method of soil conservation is reduce the surface runoff,
increase the infiltration and reduce the soil erosion.