Investing in teenage girls - World population Day 2016 (Preeti)Public Health Update
Investing in teenage girls is important for several reasons:
1) Teenage girls face many social and health challenges during their formative years that impact their education, health and long-term opportunities.
2) In Nepal, early pregnancy is common in rural areas where teenage girls lack access to sexual and reproductive health services.
3) Investing in empowering teenage girls through education, health services and rights can help reduce poverty and inequality in the long-run.
Overview of National Health Policy and Public Health Program in Nepal : For ...Public Health Update
This document summarizes the key policies and strategies of Nepal's health sector. It discusses Nepal's progress in health over the last several decades, despite challenges of poverty and conflict. The constitution establishes health as a fundamental right. National health policies focus on universal access to basic health services, developing human resources, traditional and modern medical systems, supply of medicines and self-reliance in production. Current priorities include strengthening primary health care networks, increasing private sector participation, and controlling infectious diseases. The document outlines continued efforts to improve quality and ensure equitable access to health services.
This document presents Nepal's National Health Policy 2071. It discusses the background and history of health initiatives in Nepal. Some key achievements in health over the past decades include controlling many infectious diseases and reducing maternal and child mortality rates. However, challenges remain around ensuring quality health services reach all citizens, especially vulnerable groups. The policy aims to build on past successes, address current and emerging issues, and fulfill Nepal's constitutional commitment to health as a fundamental right. It outlines visions, goals and strategies for improving health promotion, protection and access across the country in the coming years.
This document outlines the provisions of the Nepal Health Council Act, 2052 (1995) which established the Nepal Health Council to regulate and manage health services in Nepal in a systematic and scientific manner.
Some key points:
1. The Act establishes the Nepal Health Council as an autonomous body to oversee health services.
2. The Council will have 17 members including the Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and representatives from health professional associations, universities, and government departments.
3. The term of members is 4 years, and they can be re-elected or re-appointed after their term ends. Provisions are made for filling casual vacancies.
4. Persons who have not registered or
Okra or ladyfinger is an important vegetable crop grown in subtropical regions. It has high temperatures, humidity and short growing period of around 4 months. Okra is used in soups, stews and its fiber is used in paper industry. Some popular varieties grown in Nepal are Kajati and Cafeldsu. Okra seed is planted from March-May in the Terai and June-August in mid hills. Regular irrigation and weeding is required and pests like cutworm can affect the crop. Okra yields 500-1000 kg per ropani and is harvested when pods reach 6-8 cm in length.
विद्यालयमा बालअधिकार र हाम्रो भूमिका
यो पुस्तिका विद्यालयमा अध्ययनरत बालबालिकाका लागि लक्षित गरी तयार परिएको पुस्तिका हो । गुणस्तरीय शिक्षाका लागि बालमैत्री विद्यालय राष्ट्रिय प्रारुपमा उल्लेखित सूचक प्राप्त गर्न विद्यालय प्रशासन, विद्यालय व्यवस्थापन समिति, शिक्षक एवम् विभिन्न सरोकारवालाहरुको उत्तरदायित्व रहन्छ । त्यस दस्तावेजमा स्पष्ट रुपमा विद्यालय, शिक्षकहरुले निर्वाह गर्नुपर्ने भूमिका उल्लेख गरिएको छ । तर, विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री बनाउने पक्षमा विद्यालय र शिक्षकहरु सँगसँगै बालबालिकाको पनि महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका रहन्छ । यस पुस्तिकामा विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री बनाउन बालबालिकाले निर्वाह गर्नुपर्ने
भूमिकाका बारेमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ ।
विद्यालयमा बालमैत्री वातावरण भएमा बालबालिकाहरुले चाँडो सिक्न सक्ने, लेख्दा पढ्दा मानसिक तनाव कम हुने, विद्यालयमा मायालु वातावरण प्राप्त गर्ने जस्ता राम्रा कुरा हुने हुनाले विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री बनाउनु आवश्यक हुन्छ । त्यसै गरी, बालबालिकाकै महत्वपूर्ण भूमिकामा विद्यालयलाई बालबालिकाले चाहेको जस्तो विद्यालयको रुपमा परिणत गर्न सकिन्छ ।
यस पुस्तिका तयार पार्नुअघि काठमाडौँका विभिन्न विद्यालयका बालबालिका र झापा जिल्लाका दुई ओटा विद्यालयका बालबालिकासँग प्रत्यक्ष छलफल गर्दा प्राप्त बुँदाहरुलाई यसमा समेटिएको छ । छलफलका क्रममा सहभागी बालबालिकाले विद्यालयलाई बाल सुलभ वा बालमैत्री बनाउन स्वयम् बालबालिकाले के–कस्तो भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने बारेमा बताएका थिए ।
यस पुस्तिकाको उद्देश्य के हो ?
बालमैत्री विद्यालयले बालबालिकाको सिकाइ प्रक्रियालाई प्रभावकारी बनाउन मद्दत गर्दछ । यस्ता विद्यालयमा विद्यार्थीहरुले अध्ययन गर्ने क्रममा धेरै तनाव भोग
नेपाल दक्षिण एसियामा नै बाल विवाह धेरै हुने देशहरुमध्ये तेस्रो स्थानमा आउने देश हो । यो त बिल्कुल नै दुःख लाग्दो विषय हो । तपाईलाई थाह छ संसारमा हरेक २ सेकेन्डमा एकजना बालिकाको विवाह भइरहेको हुन्छ । नेपालमा पनि कैयन् स्थानमा छोरी ठूलो भएमा, धेरै पढेको भएमा धेरै दाइजो दिनु पर्ने हुन्छ भनेर अभिभावकहरुले कम उमेरमै विवाह गरिदिने चलन छ । यसरी विवाह भएका छोरीहरु सानै उमेरमा स्कुल छाड्न बाध्य हुन्छन् भने दाइजो नल्याएको कारण विभिन्न किसिमको मानसिक यातना, कुटपीट पनि झेल्न बाध्य हुन्छन् । कैयन् बहिनीहरुले त श्रीमान्बाट यौन दुव्र्यवहार र यौन हिंसा पनि भोग्ने गर्दछन् ।
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 43rd issue, published on January 15, 2013.
Investing in teenage girls - World population Day 2016 (Preeti)Public Health Update
Investing in teenage girls is important for several reasons:
1) Teenage girls face many social and health challenges during their formative years that impact their education, health and long-term opportunities.
2) In Nepal, early pregnancy is common in rural areas where teenage girls lack access to sexual and reproductive health services.
3) Investing in empowering teenage girls through education, health services and rights can help reduce poverty and inequality in the long-run.
Overview of National Health Policy and Public Health Program in Nepal : For ...Public Health Update
This document summarizes the key policies and strategies of Nepal's health sector. It discusses Nepal's progress in health over the last several decades, despite challenges of poverty and conflict. The constitution establishes health as a fundamental right. National health policies focus on universal access to basic health services, developing human resources, traditional and modern medical systems, supply of medicines and self-reliance in production. Current priorities include strengthening primary health care networks, increasing private sector participation, and controlling infectious diseases. The document outlines continued efforts to improve quality and ensure equitable access to health services.
This document presents Nepal's National Health Policy 2071. It discusses the background and history of health initiatives in Nepal. Some key achievements in health over the past decades include controlling many infectious diseases and reducing maternal and child mortality rates. However, challenges remain around ensuring quality health services reach all citizens, especially vulnerable groups. The policy aims to build on past successes, address current and emerging issues, and fulfill Nepal's constitutional commitment to health as a fundamental right. It outlines visions, goals and strategies for improving health promotion, protection and access across the country in the coming years.
This document outlines the provisions of the Nepal Health Council Act, 2052 (1995) which established the Nepal Health Council to regulate and manage health services in Nepal in a systematic and scientific manner.
Some key points:
1. The Act establishes the Nepal Health Council as an autonomous body to oversee health services.
2. The Council will have 17 members including the Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and representatives from health professional associations, universities, and government departments.
3. The term of members is 4 years, and they can be re-elected or re-appointed after their term ends. Provisions are made for filling casual vacancies.
4. Persons who have not registered or
Okra or ladyfinger is an important vegetable crop grown in subtropical regions. It has high temperatures, humidity and short growing period of around 4 months. Okra is used in soups, stews and its fiber is used in paper industry. Some popular varieties grown in Nepal are Kajati and Cafeldsu. Okra seed is planted from March-May in the Terai and June-August in mid hills. Regular irrigation and weeding is required and pests like cutworm can affect the crop. Okra yields 500-1000 kg per ropani and is harvested when pods reach 6-8 cm in length.
विद्यालयमा बालअधिकार र हाम्रो भूमिका
यो पुस्तिका विद्यालयमा अध्ययनरत बालबालिकाका लागि लक्षित गरी तयार परिएको पुस्तिका हो । गुणस्तरीय शिक्षाका लागि बालमैत्री विद्यालय राष्ट्रिय प्रारुपमा उल्लेखित सूचक प्राप्त गर्न विद्यालय प्रशासन, विद्यालय व्यवस्थापन समिति, शिक्षक एवम् विभिन्न सरोकारवालाहरुको उत्तरदायित्व रहन्छ । त्यस दस्तावेजमा स्पष्ट रुपमा विद्यालय, शिक्षकहरुले निर्वाह गर्नुपर्ने भूमिका उल्लेख गरिएको छ । तर, विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री बनाउने पक्षमा विद्यालय र शिक्षकहरु सँगसँगै बालबालिकाको पनि महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका रहन्छ । यस पुस्तिकामा विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री बनाउन बालबालिकाले निर्वाह गर्नुपर्ने
भूमिकाका बारेमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ ।
विद्यालयमा बालमैत्री वातावरण भएमा बालबालिकाहरुले चाँडो सिक्न सक्ने, लेख्दा पढ्दा मानसिक तनाव कम हुने, विद्यालयमा मायालु वातावरण प्राप्त गर्ने जस्ता राम्रा कुरा हुने हुनाले विद्यालयलाई बालमैत्री बनाउनु आवश्यक हुन्छ । त्यसै गरी, बालबालिकाकै महत्वपूर्ण भूमिकामा विद्यालयलाई बालबालिकाले चाहेको जस्तो विद्यालयको रुपमा परिणत गर्न सकिन्छ ।
यस पुस्तिका तयार पार्नुअघि काठमाडौँका विभिन्न विद्यालयका बालबालिका र झापा जिल्लाका दुई ओटा विद्यालयका बालबालिकासँग प्रत्यक्ष छलफल गर्दा प्राप्त बुँदाहरुलाई यसमा समेटिएको छ । छलफलका क्रममा सहभागी बालबालिकाले विद्यालयलाई बाल सुलभ वा बालमैत्री बनाउन स्वयम् बालबालिकाले के–कस्तो भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने बारेमा बताएका थिए ।
यस पुस्तिकाको उद्देश्य के हो ?
बालमैत्री विद्यालयले बालबालिकाको सिकाइ प्रक्रियालाई प्रभावकारी बनाउन मद्दत गर्दछ । यस्ता विद्यालयमा विद्यार्थीहरुले अध्ययन गर्ने क्रममा धेरै तनाव भोग
नेपाल दक्षिण एसियामा नै बाल विवाह धेरै हुने देशहरुमध्ये तेस्रो स्थानमा आउने देश हो । यो त बिल्कुल नै दुःख लाग्दो विषय हो । तपाईलाई थाह छ संसारमा हरेक २ सेकेन्डमा एकजना बालिकाको विवाह भइरहेको हुन्छ । नेपालमा पनि कैयन् स्थानमा छोरी ठूलो भएमा, धेरै पढेको भएमा धेरै दाइजो दिनु पर्ने हुन्छ भनेर अभिभावकहरुले कम उमेरमै विवाह गरिदिने चलन छ । यसरी विवाह भएका छोरीहरु सानै उमेरमा स्कुल छाड्न बाध्य हुन्छन् भने दाइजो नल्याएको कारण विभिन्न किसिमको मानसिक यातना, कुटपीट पनि झेल्न बाध्य हुन्छन् । कैयन् बहिनीहरुले त श्रीमान्बाट यौन दुव्र्यवहार र यौन हिंसा पनि भोग्ने गर्दछन् ।
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 43rd issue, published on January 15, 2013.
Men's role for the betterment of womens reproductive health.Anil Singh Basnyat
1. The document discusses the importance of reproductive health for women and identifies several factors that influence it, including social, cultural, economic, and political issues.
2. It notes that reproductive health is related not just to a woman's ability to bear children but also issues surrounding family planning, sexually transmitted infections, postpartum care for mothers and infants, and protection from unsafe abortion.
3. The document advocates for improving women's reproductive health through addressing issues like child marriage, malnutrition, lack of family planning services, gender-based violence, and low participation of men in women's health issues.
1. This document is a report form for disaster reporting from the local level in Nepal. It collects information about the disaster such as location, number of affected families, infrastructure damage, and relief efforts.
2. The form collects details of the disaster such as date, location, type of disaster, number of deaths, injuries and displaced people. It also collects information on needs and damage to structures like schools, roads, health centers and agriculture.
3. The final section collects information on local organizations involved in relief and response efforts.
This document is the 'Birendranagar University Act, 2067 (2010)' in Nepali. It establishes and governs the Birendranagar University located in Surkhet, Nepal. Some key points:
- It establishes Birendranagar University to provide higher education opportunities in fields like arts, science, medicine, law, management, education and technical subjects.
- The university is established by merging the existing Science Campus affiliated with Tribhuvan University into a independent university.
- The university is an autonomous and incorporated body with powers similar to an individual to own and manage property, enter into contracts, sue and be sued.
- The governing bodies of the university include
This document discusses Nepal's inclusion of disaster risk reduction and disaster preparedness planning in its national development plans. It outlines key strategies such as infrastructure development that minimizes disaster risk, increasing institutional capacity for disaster management, training personnel, and improving early warning systems. The document also discusses conducting environmental impact assessments for development projects and mainstreaming community involvement in disaster preparedness. Hazard mapping, response coordination between government and non-government actors, and increasing awareness through education are also highlighted.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 8th issue, published on December 15, 2010.
This document discusses conflict management. It defines conflict and explains that conflict is natural and inevitable in any institutional development. While conflicts may not always be resolved, they can be managed and organized in a systematic way. Traditionally, conflict was seen only in a negative light as fights, struggles, quarrels etc., but now conflicts are also analyzed from a positive perspective as a means to increase institutional capacity. Effective conflict management through proper resolution of issues can help develop new skills and reduce future conflicts. Some methods discussed for conflict management include creating awareness, mediation, negotiation, addressing fears, finding solutions where both sides feel they have gained, establishing clear policies and procedures, and using legal remedies as a last resort. The document outlines various causes of
This document provides an overview of livestock farming for small farmers in Nepal. It covers key topics like breeds of livestock, breeding, feeding arrangements, shelter management, common diseases and parasites, and fodder arrangements. The document is divided into 8 sections for easy reference. It aims to provide basic and practical information to farmers on livestock rearing in a simple format supplemented with illustrations. The information is based on the author's experience working with farmers in Nepal. The ultimate goal is to help small farmers and those new to livestock farming to better manage their animals and overcome common challenges.
Teacher and employment rules 2069 of Far Western University Dammar Singh Saud
This document outlines the definitions, classifications, and appointments for teachers and staff positions at Midwestern University according to the Midwestern University Teachers, Staff Service Bylaws 2069. It defines key terms, classifies positions into levels like Professor, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor. It gives the Executive Board authority to interpret the bylaws, resolve issues in implementation, and establish procedures to carry out the bylaws. Positions are appointed according to qualifications determined by the Executive Board.
Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cancer are increasing worldwide. Diabetes is a disease where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin properly, resulting in high blood sugar. It can be controlled through lifestyle changes like healthy diet, exercise and weight management. Cancer is a group of diseases where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. Early detection of cancers and non-communicable diseases can help improve health outcomes. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important to prevent and manage these diseases.
1) This document outlines regulations for the financial administration of Far-Western University established under Section 43 of the Far-Western University Act, 2067.
2) It defines key terms related to the university's financial processes and establishes the university fund in accordance with the Act.
3) The fund is to be maintained and overseen by the university registrar under the directives of the executive council and stored in an account at a commercial bank selected by the council.
Tomato farming in poly house (प्लास्टिक घरमा गोलभेंडा खेती)Lokendra Badu
The document provides instructions for greenhouse vegetable farming. Some key points include:
1) Greenhouses allow for controlled farming conditions and year-round production. Proper ventilation, irrigation, and temperature regulation are important.
2) Suitable soils for greenhouse farming are loose, well-draining, and rich in organic matter. Soil preparation includes adding compost or fertilizer.
3) Choosing disease-resistant vegetable varieties suitable for the climate is important for productivity and yield. Proper spacing, planting time, and pest management techniques should be followed.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 26th issue, published on September 15, 2011.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 21st issue, published on July 1, 2011.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 76th issue, published on October, 2015.
This document discusses drunk driving accidents and punishments for drunk driving in different US states. It notes that over 12,000 people died in drunk driving accidents in the US in 2009 according to government statistics. It then provides brief summaries of drunk driving laws and typical punishments for a first offense in different states, which range from community service and fines to 1-5 days in jail. The purpose is to raise awareness of the dangers of drunk driving and encourage responsible behavior.
बृहत्तर विद्यालय सुरक्षा सन्दर्भ सामग्रीः
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विद्यालय साना बालबालिकाका लागि दोस्रो घर हो । यद्यपि, जबसम्म बालबालिकाले भयरहित वातावरणमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्न पाउने आफ्नो अधिकारको उपभोग गर्न पाउँदैनन् तबसम्म विद्यालयले दोस्रो घरको भूमिका निर्वाह गर्न सक्दैन । प्राकृतिक कारणबाट हुने प्रकोपद्वारा उत्पन्न विपद् होस् वा मानवीय कारणबाट हुने घटनाबाट, विपद्को सर्वाधिक जोखिममा बालबालिका नै रहेका हुन्छन् । अझ अल्पविकसित मुलुकहरूमा सुरक्षित विद्यालय तथा गुणस्तरीय शिक्षालाई सुनिश्चित गर्ने कार्य नै चुनौतीपूर्ण रहेको छ । यस समस्याबाट नेपाल पनि अलग रहेको छैन । यही दृष्किोणका आधारमा विद्यालय सुरक्षित र न्यूनतम सुविधायुक्त हुनुपर्ने यथार्थलाई दृष्टिगत गरी बृहत्तर विद्यालय सुरक्षा ढाँचाको विश्वव्यापी अवधारणाअनुरुप यो सन्दर्भ सामग्री तयार गरिएको छ ।
थप .....
This training guideline is for a school-based disaster risk reduction training organized by a project in partnership with various organizations aimed at mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into school environments and developing disaster-resilient schools. The training aims to build awareness and capacity of teachers, students, and parents on disaster risk reduction and minimize damage to schools from disasters. It will be conducted in schools and utilize existing school disaster management committees and networks of the partner organizations to manage and monitor activities. The training will cover key concepts, risk assessment methods, and development of school-level disaster risk reduction and response plans to support national efforts for safe schools.
The letter wishes nurses a happy International Nurses Day, which this year's theme is on nurses' leadership role in chronic disease management. It provides background on International Nurses Day and emphasizes the important role nurses play in chronic care through education, programs, and direct care. The Chair encourages all nurses to fulfill this year's theme and improve health in Nepal through dedicated nursing services.
This document discusses World No Tobacco Day, which is observed every year on May 31st. The purpose of the day is to raise awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use. Some key facts provided include that tobacco use causes millions of preventable deaths worldwide each year. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals, many of which are harmful and can cause cancer. Tobacco use increases the risks of various cancers as well as heart disease and respiratory illnesses. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control aims to reduce tobacco use and protect people from tobacco smoke. Nepal has also signed and ratified this convention to work towards limiting tobacco use and its health impacts.
Men's role for the betterment of womens reproductive health.Anil Singh Basnyat
1. The document discusses the importance of reproductive health for women and identifies several factors that influence it, including social, cultural, economic, and political issues.
2. It notes that reproductive health is related not just to a woman's ability to bear children but also issues surrounding family planning, sexually transmitted infections, postpartum care for mothers and infants, and protection from unsafe abortion.
3. The document advocates for improving women's reproductive health through addressing issues like child marriage, malnutrition, lack of family planning services, gender-based violence, and low participation of men in women's health issues.
1. This document is a report form for disaster reporting from the local level in Nepal. It collects information about the disaster such as location, number of affected families, infrastructure damage, and relief efforts.
2. The form collects details of the disaster such as date, location, type of disaster, number of deaths, injuries and displaced people. It also collects information on needs and damage to structures like schools, roads, health centers and agriculture.
3. The final section collects information on local organizations involved in relief and response efforts.
This document is the 'Birendranagar University Act, 2067 (2010)' in Nepali. It establishes and governs the Birendranagar University located in Surkhet, Nepal. Some key points:
- It establishes Birendranagar University to provide higher education opportunities in fields like arts, science, medicine, law, management, education and technical subjects.
- The university is established by merging the existing Science Campus affiliated with Tribhuvan University into a independent university.
- The university is an autonomous and incorporated body with powers similar to an individual to own and manage property, enter into contracts, sue and be sued.
- The governing bodies of the university include
This document discusses Nepal's inclusion of disaster risk reduction and disaster preparedness planning in its national development plans. It outlines key strategies such as infrastructure development that minimizes disaster risk, increasing institutional capacity for disaster management, training personnel, and improving early warning systems. The document also discusses conducting environmental impact assessments for development projects and mainstreaming community involvement in disaster preparedness. Hazard mapping, response coordination between government and non-government actors, and increasing awareness through education are also highlighted.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 8th issue, published on December 15, 2010.
This document discusses conflict management. It defines conflict and explains that conflict is natural and inevitable in any institutional development. While conflicts may not always be resolved, they can be managed and organized in a systematic way. Traditionally, conflict was seen only in a negative light as fights, struggles, quarrels etc., but now conflicts are also analyzed from a positive perspective as a means to increase institutional capacity. Effective conflict management through proper resolution of issues can help develop new skills and reduce future conflicts. Some methods discussed for conflict management include creating awareness, mediation, negotiation, addressing fears, finding solutions where both sides feel they have gained, establishing clear policies and procedures, and using legal remedies as a last resort. The document outlines various causes of
This document provides an overview of livestock farming for small farmers in Nepal. It covers key topics like breeds of livestock, breeding, feeding arrangements, shelter management, common diseases and parasites, and fodder arrangements. The document is divided into 8 sections for easy reference. It aims to provide basic and practical information to farmers on livestock rearing in a simple format supplemented with illustrations. The information is based on the author's experience working with farmers in Nepal. The ultimate goal is to help small farmers and those new to livestock farming to better manage their animals and overcome common challenges.
Teacher and employment rules 2069 of Far Western University Dammar Singh Saud
This document outlines the definitions, classifications, and appointments for teachers and staff positions at Midwestern University according to the Midwestern University Teachers, Staff Service Bylaws 2069. It defines key terms, classifies positions into levels like Professor, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor. It gives the Executive Board authority to interpret the bylaws, resolve issues in implementation, and establish procedures to carry out the bylaws. Positions are appointed according to qualifications determined by the Executive Board.
Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cancer are increasing worldwide. Diabetes is a disease where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin properly, resulting in high blood sugar. It can be controlled through lifestyle changes like healthy diet, exercise and weight management. Cancer is a group of diseases where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. Early detection of cancers and non-communicable diseases can help improve health outcomes. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important to prevent and manage these diseases.
1) This document outlines regulations for the financial administration of Far-Western University established under Section 43 of the Far-Western University Act, 2067.
2) It defines key terms related to the university's financial processes and establishes the university fund in accordance with the Act.
3) The fund is to be maintained and overseen by the university registrar under the directives of the executive council and stored in an account at a commercial bank selected by the council.
Tomato farming in poly house (प्लास्टिक घरमा गोलभेंडा खेती)Lokendra Badu
The document provides instructions for greenhouse vegetable farming. Some key points include:
1) Greenhouses allow for controlled farming conditions and year-round production. Proper ventilation, irrigation, and temperature regulation are important.
2) Suitable soils for greenhouse farming are loose, well-draining, and rich in organic matter. Soil preparation includes adding compost or fertilizer.
3) Choosing disease-resistant vegetable varieties suitable for the climate is important for productivity and yield. Proper spacing, planting time, and pest management techniques should be followed.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 26th issue, published on September 15, 2011.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 21st issue, published on July 1, 2011.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 76th issue, published on October, 2015.
This document discusses drunk driving accidents and punishments for drunk driving in different US states. It notes that over 12,000 people died in drunk driving accidents in the US in 2009 according to government statistics. It then provides brief summaries of drunk driving laws and typical punishments for a first offense in different states, which range from community service and fines to 1-5 days in jail. The purpose is to raise awareness of the dangers of drunk driving and encourage responsible behavior.
बृहत्तर विद्यालय सुरक्षा सन्दर्भ सामग्रीः
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विद्यालय साना बालबालिकाका लागि दोस्रो घर हो । यद्यपि, जबसम्म बालबालिकाले भयरहित वातावरणमा शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्न पाउने आफ्नो अधिकारको उपभोग गर्न पाउँदैनन् तबसम्म विद्यालयले दोस्रो घरको भूमिका निर्वाह गर्न सक्दैन । प्राकृतिक कारणबाट हुने प्रकोपद्वारा उत्पन्न विपद् होस् वा मानवीय कारणबाट हुने घटनाबाट, विपद्को सर्वाधिक जोखिममा बालबालिका नै रहेका हुन्छन् । अझ अल्पविकसित मुलुकहरूमा सुरक्षित विद्यालय तथा गुणस्तरीय शिक्षालाई सुनिश्चित गर्ने कार्य नै चुनौतीपूर्ण रहेको छ । यस समस्याबाट नेपाल पनि अलग रहेको छैन । यही दृष्किोणका आधारमा विद्यालय सुरक्षित र न्यूनतम सुविधायुक्त हुनुपर्ने यथार्थलाई दृष्टिगत गरी बृहत्तर विद्यालय सुरक्षा ढाँचाको विश्वव्यापी अवधारणाअनुरुप यो सन्दर्भ सामग्री तयार गरिएको छ ।
थप .....
This training guideline is for a school-based disaster risk reduction training organized by a project in partnership with various organizations aimed at mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into school environments and developing disaster-resilient schools. The training aims to build awareness and capacity of teachers, students, and parents on disaster risk reduction and minimize damage to schools from disasters. It will be conducted in schools and utilize existing school disaster management committees and networks of the partner organizations to manage and monitor activities. The training will cover key concepts, risk assessment methods, and development of school-level disaster risk reduction and response plans to support national efforts for safe schools.
The letter wishes nurses a happy International Nurses Day, which this year's theme is on nurses' leadership role in chronic disease management. It provides background on International Nurses Day and emphasizes the important role nurses play in chronic care through education, programs, and direct care. The Chair encourages all nurses to fulfill this year's theme and improve health in Nepal through dedicated nursing services.
This document discusses World No Tobacco Day, which is observed every year on May 31st. The purpose of the day is to raise awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use. Some key facts provided include that tobacco use causes millions of preventable deaths worldwide each year. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals, many of which are harmful and can cause cancer. Tobacco use increases the risks of various cancers as well as heart disease and respiratory illnesses. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control aims to reduce tobacco use and protect people from tobacco smoke. Nepal has also signed and ratified this convention to work towards limiting tobacco use and its health impacts.
विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१Niraj Bartaula
This document outlines guidelines for a fund to provide financial assistance for medical treatment of serious illnesses to poor citizens in Nepal.
Key points:
- It establishes a fund under the Ministry of Health and Population to provide financial assistance for treatment of illnesses like cancer, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and others.
- A recommendation committee at the district level will evaluate applications and recommend beneficiaries.
- A central committee chaired by the Health Secretary will determine approved amounts and oversee disbursements from the fund.
- Assistance of up to 1 million NPR can be provided for treatments in Nepal or abroad. Priority is given to treatment in government hospitals where possible.
This document discusses different theoretical aspects and concepts related to food security, including:
1. Food as a basic human right that is essential for life and was recognized in international agreements.
2. The concept of food security, defined by the FAO as all people having physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
3. The concept of food sovereignty promoted by small farmer organizations, which they define as the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through sustainable methods and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 68th issue, published on February, 2015.
1) Rabies is a viral disease transmitted primarily through bites from rabid animals.
2) It is transmitted through saliva, usually via bites, but can also be transmitted through scratches or licks on broken skin or mucous membranes.
3) In Southeast Asia, 96% of human rabies cases are caused by dog bites. Other animals like monkeys, cats, foxes, bats and rodents can also transmit rabies.
This document establishes the Food and Sanitation Service Rate Fixation Commission Act, 2063 to regulate the rates charged by service providers for water and sanitation services. The key points are:
1. It establishes the Food and Sanitation Service Rate Fixation Commission to determine reasonable rates for high quality water and sanitation services provided to consumers.
2. The Commission will have a Chairperson and two members appointed by the Government of Nepal based on qualifications and experience outlined in the document.
3. The duties and responsibilities of the Commission include determining service rates charged to consumers, approving policies and procedures for service providers to file rate applications, and monitoring service quality standards.
The document summarizes the key points about the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. It notes that the day is observed annually on December 3rd to promote the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities. The day originated from a United Nations resolution in 1981 and aims to raise awareness, celebrate achievements, and continue advocacy efforts for disability rights and inclusion. Recent themes of the day focus on issues like accessibility, technology, employment, independent living, and empowerment. The summary highlights the global recognition of the day and its role in furthering the rights and inclusion of persons with disabilities worldwide.
Women rights in constitution of Nepal (Nepali)WOREC Nepal
नेपालकाे संविधानमा महिला अधिकार
संविधान नेपालको मूल कानुन हो । संविधानले देशको राज्य तथा शासन सञ्चालन प्रकृया सुनिश्चित गर्दछ । संविधानको आधारमा देशमा अन्य सम्पूर्ण कानून, नीति, नियमहरु बन्दछन् । यसकै आधारमा कार्यपालिका, व्यवस्थापिका तथा न्यायपालिका गठन हुन्छ । सरकारका विभिन्न अङ्गहरुबीच काम कर्तव्य तथा शक्तिको विभाजनका साथै तीनीहरुबीचको सु–सम्बन्ध समेत सुनिश्चित गर्दछ । संविधानले नागरिकको मौलिक अधिकारको व्यवस्था गर्नका साथै ती अधिकारहरुको संरक्षणको व्यवस्था समेत गरेको हुन्छ । संविधानसँग बाझिने अन्य कानुन बाझिएको हदसम्म अमान्य हुन्छन् । नेपालको संविधान २०७२ नेपालको विद्यमान संविधान हो । यो संविधान जनाताका प्रतिनिधिले पारित गरेको पहिलो र नेपालको साताँै संविधान हो । यस संविधानमा ३५ भाग, ३०८ वटा धारा, ९ वटा अनुसूचिहरु रहेका छन् ।
राज्य सञ्चालन तथा अन्य क्षेत्रमा महिलाहरुको अधिकार सुनिश्चित गर्ने क्रममा देशमा विद्यमान वर्गीय, जातीय, क्षेत्रीय, भाषिक, धार्मिक, लैङ्गिक विभेद अन्त्य गरी आर्थिक समानता, समृद्धि र सामाजिक न्याय सुनिश्चित गर्न समानुुपातिक समावेशी र सहभागितामूलक सिद्धान्तका आधारमा समतामूलक समाजको निर्माण गर्ने संकल्पका साथ नेपालको संविधान (२०७२ साल असोज ३ गते) जारी भएको छ ।
राष्ट्रहित, लोकतन्त्र र राजनीतिक, आर्थिक र सामाजिक रुपान्तरणका लागि नेपाली महिलाहरुले पटक–पटक प्रत्यक्ष र अप्रत्यक्ष रुपमा गर्दै आएका ऐतिहासिक आन्दोलन, संघर्ष र योगदानलाई कदर गर्दै महिलाहरुको विशेष आवश्यकतालाई गम्भीर्यताका साथ आत्मसाथ गरी विशेष अधिकारको व्यवस्था सहित अस्तित्वमा आएको यो संविधानले परिवर्तनका मुद्दाहरु संस्थागत गराउन महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नेछ । संविधान राम्रो बनाउनु मात्र सबैथोक होइन, यसको कार्यान्वयनमा नै संविधानको सफलता निर्भर रहन्छ । तसर्थ संविधानलाई व्यवहारमा उतार्नु अपरिहार्य हुन्छ । जसले गर्दा महिलाको अधिकार सुनिश्चित हुन सकोस् र उनीहरुले आफ्नो अधिकार उपभोग गर्न पाउने वातावरण तयार होस् । यसका निम्ति नेपालको संविधान २०७२ ले महिलालाई प्रदान गरेको अधिकारका बारेमा सबै महिलाहरुले जान्नु तथा बुझ्नु जरुरी छ भन्ने मान्यतालाई मनन गरी यो जानकारी पत्र तयार गरिएको छ ।
This document summarizes the constitution of the "Himalayan Expedition - Nepal" organization. Some key points:
- The organization aims to unite and organize youth to contribute to national development, help marginalized groups, preserve cultural heritage, empower women and minorities, and promote peace.
- Membership categories include general members, founding members, lifetime members, and honorary members. Requirements for general membership include being a Nepali citizen over 16, of sound mind, and not convicted of a crime.
- The constitution outlines the organization's objectives, activities, management structure, finances, and procedures for membership and meetings. The overall goal is to be a non-profit organization working for social welfare.
Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 25th issue, published on September 1, 2011.
Disability Rights in Nepal: NAPD MagazineScott Rains
The National Association of Physically Disabled People of Nepal held its 5th annual general meeting where various reports were presented and a new executive committee was elected. The meeting emphasized the need for full implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and ensuring the rights of persons with disabilities in the new constitution. A new 7-member executive committee under the leadership of Laxmi Prasad Shrestha was elected for the fiscal year 2071/72. The meeting concluded with the formal handover of responsibilities from the outgoing to the newly elected committee.
Communication and Dissemination Strategy on Comprehensive School Safety in Ne...DPNet
This document outlines a communication and outreach strategy for school safety in Nepal. The key points are:
1) The strategy aims to increase awareness of minimum school safety standards and create a culture of safety in schools.
2) It identifies target audiences such as students, teachers, school management committees, parents, local governments, and media.
3) The strategy will disseminate key messages about the importance of school safety and assistance for implementing minimum safety standards through various media and materials tailored to each audience.
4) Successful implementation of the strategy is expected to boost knowledge and motivation for all stakeholders to create safer school environments according to the minimum standards.
1. The document provides examples to explain sets and set operations using Venn diagrams. It includes word problems involving sets of people who like different drinks, subjects etc. and asks to find quantities from the given information using Venn diagrams.
2. Solutions are provided for each example problem by drawing relevant Venn diagrams, labeling the sets, and using set formulas and operations to calculate the requested quantities.
3. A variety of set problems are covered involving up to 3 sets of overlapping categories to demonstrate calculating quantities from Venn diagrams.
1. A woman named Shanti Ekan was living in Nainital with her daughter and husband who worked as a porter. Recently her husband began drinking heavily and abusing them.
2. To support her family, Shanti began working by collecting and selling firewood. However, this was only a temporary solution to their problems.
3. The article discusses how changes in values and culture in Nepali society have led to increased vulnerabilities, especially for women. It highlights Sano Paila's programs to prevent human trafficking and support victims.
1. This document outlines the basic policy for operating technical colleges (SN/colleges) through private investment in Nepal. It aims to encourage private sector involvement in developing high-quality technical education within Nepal to reduce students studying abroad at private expense and meet workforce needs.
2. Private investment and partnerships are needed to develop technical education according to international standards and job market demands. This policy allows for establishing and operating private technical colleges through domestic or foreign investment.
3. Standards, procedures and conditions are provided for operating technical colleges, including ensuring quality, access for disadvantaged groups, incentives for investors, and oversight by an advisory committee.
The document summarizes the political context in Nepal and outlines the Nepali Congress party's vision and goals. It discusses the party's leadership in passing the new constitution through the Constituent Assembly after decades of democratic struggle. It highlights the party's role in recently holding successful local elections and initiating efforts to amend the constitution to address conflicts through consensus and dialogue. The document emphasizes that under Nepali Congress leadership, Nepal has entered a new era of national reconstruction based on an inclusive, democratic and federal system as established by the constitution.
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Organization Structure of Public Health System in Nepal.
Organization Profile (Structure, Functions, Roles, Responsibilities, ToR): http://bit.ly/HealthsystemsNepal
Organization Structure of Public Health System in Nepal | Health System Nepal | Current Health system of Nepal | Organization Structure of Nepalese Health System | Public Health System | Health Governance System in Nepal |Health Organization Profile | https://publichealthupdate.com |
More updates: https://publichealthupdate.com
The document discusses trends in life expectancy and health outcomes in the United States from 1990 to 2017, noting that while life expectancy has generally increased, the rate of increase has slowed in recent years and disparities persist across different demographic groups. Life expectancy was highest in 2017 for females and Asians/Pacific Islanders and lowest for males and African Americans. High blood pressure, dietary risks, and occupational risks were among the leading risk factors contributing to death and disability-adjusted life years.
This document discusses family planning and world population day. It provides background information on concepts of population, importance of population studies, and Nepal's population statistics from census data. The key points are:
1) World Population Day is celebrated annually on July 11th to raise awareness about issues related to population growth and development. This year's theme is "Family Planning: Empowering People, Developing Nations".
2) Family planning involves making informed choices on issues like birth spacing, limiting family size, and improving maternal and child health outcomes. It is an important factor in national development.
3) Nepal still has a high population growth rate according to the latest census. Improving access to quality family planning services can
Menstrual Hygiene Day (MH Day) is an annual global awareness day on May 28th that aims to break taboos and raise awareness about the importance of menstrual hygiene management for women and girls worldwide. It was initiated in 2014 by the German NGO WASH United to address the challenges and hardships many women and girls face during menstruation, such as a lack of access to menstrual products and proper hygiene facilities. MH Day coordinates over 380 partner organizations to promote solutions and catalyze a global movement that recognizes women's rights through policy advocacy and media outreach. The document discusses menstrual hygiene management issues faced by women and girls in Nepal specifically and why proper menstrual hygiene is important for health, education
Short orientation on reproductive health & Reproductive right (Nepali)Public Health Update
1. The document discusses key aspects of reproductive health and rights in Nepal such as family planning, safe motherhood, adolescent health, and abortion services.
2. It outlines that the Nepali constitution guarantees reproductive health and rights. The government has obligations to ensure these rights are protected in practice through national and international resources.
3. Nepal has made progress in protecting women's human rights since committing to international agreements on reproductive rights. The document reviews some reproductive health services available in Nepal.
This document describes Sagun Paudel's public health blog. The blog contains 14 sections that provide information on public health topics, jobs, opportunities, and how to navigate the blog. Sections include posts on public health courses and news, important days, activities, documents for exams, job listings for various health roles, scholarships, and how to search and join the blog community. The goal is to be the No. 1 blog for sharing public health updates and information in Nepal.
This document describes Sagun Paudel's public health blog. The blog contains 14 sections that provide information on public health topics, jobs, opportunities, and how to navigate the blog. Sections include posts on public health courses and news, important days, activities, documents for exams, job listings for various health roles, scholarships, and how to search and join the blog community. The goal is to be the #1 blog for sharing public health updates and information in Nepal.
ACHIEVEMENT AND PROGRESS TOWARDS HEALTH RELATED MDGS IN NEPALPublic Health Update
This document discusses Nepal's progress towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals. It provides an overview of Nepal's efforts to support the goals and current data on key health indicators related to reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. While Nepal has faced challenges from political instability, it has exceeded targets for reducing child mortality and is on track to meet most health goals. The document recommends continuing efforts to fully achieve all remaining targets and integrate health programs with local governance to support sustainable development.
ACHIEVEMENT AND PROGRESS TOWARDS HEALTH RELATED MDGS IN NEPAL (Draft Seminar ...Public Health Update
This is Draft Seminar paper which will present in my class for partial fulfillment of my Syllabus of BPH 8th semester. ''ACHIEVEMENT AND PROGRESS TOWARDS HEALTH RELATED MDGS IN NEPAL''
A Presentation Presented To orient about HIV, AIDS and STIs for Development of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice for Prevention of HIV and STIs for College Students.
This is a simple and general presentation about the health research which is prepared to present within staffs of Naulo Ghumti Nepal especially for EIHS staffs, objective if this presentation is to orient staffs about research.
The National Nutrition Policy of Nepal from 2004 aims to improve nutrition nationwide by reducing malnutrition rates. The key objectives are reducing protein-energy malnutrition, anemia, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and intestinal worm infestation among children and women. The policy outlines strategies like community participation, advocacy, research, and multi-sector coordination to achieve its overall goal of ensuring nutritional well-being for all Nepalis. While programs have scaled up infant and young child feeding, coverage of interventions remains low and nutrition surveys need to be conducted more routinely. Strengthening food security and fully implementing breastfeeding recommendations could help address remaining weaknesses in Nepal's efforts to improve public health through nutrition.
Seminar paper on effictiveness and utilization of htc service in nepal 2014Public Health Update
This document summarizes a health seminar paper on the effectiveness and utilization of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services in Nepal. It provides background on HIV/AIDS in Nepal, describes the current situation of the epidemic and HTC services. It discusses the objectives, methodology, essential elements and process of HTC services. It analyzes trends in the effectiveness and utilization of HTC, noting challenges like low testing rates, barriers to access, and a lack of coordination between service providers. The paper concludes that collective action is needed from all stakeholders to increase HTC utilization and effectiveness. It recommends integrating HTC with primary health care, improving collaboration, identifying alternative prevention strategies, and addressing stigma.
This document is a term paper submitted to fulfill partial requirements for a Bachelor of Public Health degree. It discusses occupational health and safety policies in Nepal. The paper acknowledges those who helped and supported the students. It has objectives to study the health burden of occupational conditions in Nepal, examine workplace safety policies, and assess major occupations. The methodology describes using secondary sources like reviewing documents from the Ministry of Labour and ILO. The findings report that occupational accidents cause around 200 deaths annually in Nepal. Agriculture, services and construction are major industries with varying workplace standards. Nepal's Labour Act of 1992 covers compensation, leave, and some safety measures. Recent plans aim to improve training and inspections. The conclusion states that current policy is guided by the Labour
This document provides information about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including their classification, modes of transmission, signs and symptoms, complications, risk factors, epidemiology, management strategies, and diagnostic approaches. STIs are predominantly transmitted through sexual behaviors like vaginal, anal, and oral sex. They can be caused by bacteria, parasites, protozoa, or viruses. Common STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, hepatitis B, herpes, HPV, and trichomoniasis. Untreated STIs can lead to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, increased HIV risk, and sometimes cancer. Syndromic management is an approach used to clinically diagnose and treat STIs based on consistent groups of
Researches on Childhood Accidents and Injuries-Term paper Presentation Public Health Update
The document presents a term paper on research related to childhood accidents and injuries. It discusses how injuries are a major cause of death and illness for children worldwide. Specific causes discussed include road traffic accidents, drowning, burns, falls, and poisoning. Vulnerabilities for children are explained by their behavioral, physiological, and developmental characteristics. Socioeconomic factors like income level, education, and living conditions also impact injury risk. The paper covers objectives to study the burden, causes, and socioeconomic links to injuries. It presents findings on global injury statistics and discusses prevention approaches.
Occupational health and safety (OSH) aims to promote workers' physical, mental, and social well-being. In Nepal, OSH is still a relatively new concept, with few industries maintaining occupational standards. Common occupational hazards in Nepal include unsafe working conditions, lack of training and supervision, use of old machinery, and lack of safety rules enforcement. Implementing effective OSH policies and programs requires raising awareness, consultation with workers and employers, prevention focus, education and training, and establishing compensation systems for workplace injuries. Proper application of OSH principles can help improve workers' rights and health across various sectors such as manufacturing, construction, agriculture, and services.
The document discusses immunization in Nepal across multiple sources. It provides background on Nepal's national immunization program and progress towards vaccination goals. Several studies are summarized that evaluate vaccination coverage rates across Nepal and identify factors influencing coverage, such as education, access to healthcare, and awareness of immunization programs. Coverage rates for individual vaccines are provided from national reports and surveys in specific districts. Challenges like maintaining cold chain equipment and needle reuse are also mentioned.
This document outlines policies related to occupational health in Nepal. It discusses how occupational health deals with health and safety in the workplace, aiming to prevent hazards. An occupational health policy protects workers' health, safety and welfare by ensuring clean work areas, protective equipment and training. Nepal's main labor laws covering working conditions, safety and health are the Labor Act of 1992 and Labor Rules of 1993. The Labor Act includes provisions for sanitation, ventilation, lighting, maximum work hours, holidays, minimum wage, and accident prevention. The Nepalese government allocates about 20 million rupees annually for occupational safety and health programs that provide training, awareness, inspections and evaluations.
Occupational health and safety (OSH) aims to promote and maintain worker well-being in all occupations by preventing health issues caused by working conditions, protecting workers from workplace risks, and ensuring a healthy work environment. In Nepal, OSH is still a relatively new concept, with few industries maintaining occupational standards. Common occupational hazards in Nepal include unsafe working conditions, lack of training and supervision, outdated equipment, and violation of safety rules. While OSH principles call for prevention, protection, information sharing, and health promotion, barriers to sound OSH in Nepal include lack of awareness, poor consultation, and no safety culture among both workers and management. OSH is applied to improve worker rights, establish safety policies, provide compensation,
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html