Details ppt about soli and soil erosion.

1. NAME:VASAVA VISHWANATH HIRJIBHAI
ROLL NO.:22-CS-018
FYBSCCS
SUBJECT:ENVIROMENTAL STUDIES.
TOPIC:SOIL CONSERVATION

2. Soil
conservation
HERE WE DISCUSS
ABOUT SOIL CONSERVATION.

3. Basic points of this presentation.
What is Soil
Conservation?
What causes soil erosion?
How do we conserve soil? ENDING
What causes soil
infertility?
01 02 03
04 05

4. What is Soil Conservation?
Soil conservation is defined as the prevention
of loss of the topmost layer of the soil. In
essence, it is protecting dirt from the many
troubles that dirt is susceptible to. You might
not think it to look at it, but dirt isn’t just
something that goes in your flower beds. It is
necessary at many different stages in the life
cycle.

5. What causes soil erosion?
Deforestation is one of the
biggest causes of large scale
soil erosion. Over time,
clear-cutting and
deforestation can strip all
the nutrients from the
remaining soil, sometimes
causing full-scale
desertification. This is the
most egregious example of
soil erosion, of course, but
similar destruction can be
caused by slash-and-burn
agriculture and unsustainable
methods of subsistence
farming.

6. What causes soil
infertility?
Soil infertility usually occurs when
the quantities of nutrients are removed
from the soil by over-farming
or unsustainable practices farming .
This type of soil destruction is
usually linked to erosion and slash-
and-burn farming as well and occurs
when the nutrients in the harvested
products exceed the quantities of
nutrients being applied. This usually
occurs in large, commercial farming
areas, where the nutrient requirements
of the crops are pulled from the soil
themselves.

7. How do we
conserve soil?
Here some types of soil conservation:
● Crop rotation
● Covering crops
● Contour ploughing
● Windbreaks and terrace farming
● Reducing the use of pesticides
● Salinity management

8. Crop
rotation
Crop rotation is a great way to fight soil
infertility and one that has been utilized
with great success for as long as we’ve had
crops to grow. According to the Rodale
Institute, crop rotation is considered a
form of best practice in organic farming.
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a
series of different types of crops in the
same area across the growing seasons.
Different crops have different nutrient
requirements. Because the crops are being
switched out each season, the process
reduces reliance on one set of nutrients.

9. Covering
crops
Covering crops is the act of rotating cash crops
with other year-round plants so as to blanket
the soil over the course of the year. This acts
as a sort of green manure that replenishes
nitrogen in the soil, as well as other critical
nutrients. This practice can also help to
suppress weeds, which needlessly
sap nutrients from the already highly-taxed
soil.

10. Contour
ploughing
Contour ploughing orients furrows following the contour
lines of the farmed area. Furrows move left and right to
maintain a constant altitude, which reduces runoff.
Contour ploughing was practiced by the
ancient Phoenicians for slopes between two and ten
percent. Contour ploughing can increase crop yields from
10 to 50 percent, partially as a result of greater soil
retention.

11. Windbreaks and terrace farming
● Creating windbreaks is a great way to
minimize soil erosion on flat farming
areas. This is facilitated by planting
rows of dense trees between the crops
themselves — evergreens are a good year-
round solution for this — or by planting
crops in a non-traditional way. Deciduous
trees may work too, so long as they can
stand guard all year.
● Terracing is the practice of creating
a plantable area, not on a flat plane,
but a hillside area. It is essentially
planting on a series of steps, each one
at a higher level than the next. The
terraces form a series of steps, each at
a higher level than the previous. These
neat terraces are not only protected from
erosion, they also provide some

12. Reducing the use of
pesticides

13. The use of pesticides can contaminate the soil, and nearby vegetation and water
sources for a long time. They affect soil structure and (biotic and abiotic)
composition. Differentiated taxation schemes are among the options investigated
in the academic literature to reducing their use.
This section is an excerpt from pesticide & Alternatives.
Alternatives to pesticides are available and include methods of cultivation, use
of biological pest controls (such as pheromones and microbial
pesticides), genetic engineering (mostly of crops), and methods of interfering
with insect breeding. Application of composted yard waste has also been used
as a way of controlling pests.
These methods are becoming increasingly popular and often are safer than
traditional chemical pesticides. In addition, EPA is registering reduced-risk
pesticides in increasing numbers.
About Reducing the use of
pesticides

14. Salinity
management
Salinity in soil is caused by irrigating with salty water. Water then evaporates from the soil
leaving the salt behind. Salt breaks down the soil structure, causing infertility and
reduced growth.
The ions responsible for salination
are: sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+)
and chlorine (Cl−). Salinity is estimated to affect about one third of the earth's arable
land.[20] Soil salinity adversely affects crop metabolism and erosion usually follows.
Salinity occurs on drylands from overirrigation and in areas with shallow saline water
tables. Over-irrigation deposits salts in upper soil layers as a byproduct of
soil infiltration; irrigation merely increases the rate of salt deposition. The best-known
case of shallow saline water table capillary action occurred in Egypt after the 1970
construction of the Aswan Dam. The change in the groundwater level led to high salt
concentrations in the water table. The continuous high level of the water table led
to soil salination.

15. CLEAN
OUR
PLANET
FOR
BETTER
FUTURE.

16. THANK YOU
SAVE SOIL , SAVE
LIFE