This document defines reinforced concrete and describes the types of concrete structures. It discusses the sub-structure, which includes the basement, foundation, ground beam and floor, and the super-structure, which includes the column, wall, flat roof and staircase. It provides examples of different types of foundations, floors, and roofs. Reinforced concrete is defined as concrete with reinforcement added to improve its properties. Concrete is a flexible material that is widely used in construction and reinforced concrete is stronger than other materials like timber and steel.

1. CONCRETE
STRUCTURE
BY:
Azwan Bin Yahaya
Muhammad Daud Bin Yusof
Mohd Arif Ihsan Bin Azman
Muhamad zakaria Bin Osman

2. DEFINITION OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE
Reinforced concrete is concrete in which
reinforcing bars or other types of
reinforcement have been integrated to
improve one or more properties of the
concrete.

3. TYPE OF CONCRETE
STRUCTURE
 sub structure
 Basement
 Foundation
 Ground beam
 Floor
 Super structure
 Column
 Wall
 Flat Roof
 Staircase

4. Sub-structure : Basement
A storey with a
floor which is
more than 1.2m
below the
highest level of
ground
adjacent to the
outside wall.

5. Sub-structure : Foundation
 Shallow foundation
 Pad
 Strip
 Raft
 Pile foundation
 Friction pile
 End bearing pile

6. Shallow Foundation : Pad

7. Shallow Foundation : Strip

8. Shallow Foundation : Raft

9. Pile Foundation : Friction Pile

10. Pile Foundation : End Bearing
Pile

11. Sub-structure : Floor
 Type of flooring system
 One-way spanning slab
 Two-way spanning slab
 Flat plate floor
 Flat slab floor
 Waffle slab floor

12. Floor : One Way Spanning Slab

13. Floor : Two Way Spanning Slab

14. Floor : Two Way Spanning Slab
Flat plate floor

15. Floor : Two Way Spanning Slab
Flat slab floor

16. Floor : Two Way Spanning Slab
Waffle slab floor

17. Sub-structure : Ground Beam

18. Super-structure : Column

19. Super-structure : Wall

20. Super Structure : Flat Roof
 Defined as covering provided over the top of a building.

21. Super Structure : Staircase

22. CONCLUSION
 Concrete is a flexible material that has been used in
construction.
 With the addition of other material like reinforcement bar, it
become the toughest material than others like timber and
steel.

23. REFERENCE
 Newby F., Early Reinforced Concrete, Ashgate
Variorum, 2001.
 Construction Material
 Lecturer note, Mr. Jamal.