This document discusses timber as a structural building material. It notes that timber is a renewable resource with low environmental impact compared to other materials. Timber structures use vertical posts and horizontal beams. As a structure, timber can transmit and resist loads through axial compression and bending. Properties like stress, deflection and strength depend on factors like grain direction, load type and material properties. Timber combines well with other materials like steel and concrete in composite structures.

1. Building Structural System
(Timber)
Group Member:
LUKMAN ALHAKIM BIN MOHAMMAD KAMIL 2010770815
SYED ALWI BIN SYED SULAIMAN 2010938119
MUHAMMAD FARIS HADI BIN GHAZALI 2010933221
MUHAMMAD REDZUAN BIN ZULKIFLI 2010344265
MUSAHIDDIN BIN MD ZAINAL 2010740055

2. Introduction

 Wood is a natural resource that is widely available throughout
the world.
 With proper management, there is a potential for an endless
supply of timber and other wood-based materials.
 Due to the low energy required and the low pollution during
manufacture timber has a far less detrimental impact on the
environment than other building materials.
 Timber is a live material. Its properties are anisotropic, they
change with changes in environmental conditions and load
duration has also a significant effect upon strength and
deformation.
 To be able to design timber structures successfully, the
practicing engineer needs to be aware of the particular
properties of the timber being specified.

3. Introduction

Benefits of Timber Framing:
1. Fast, efficient and cost effective
2. Flexible to add further extensions
3. Environmentally friendly
4. Hand crafted
5. Unique character
6. Buildings with an organic, natural, earthly charm

4. Introduction

Timber building structure
Timber Framing Roof Structure
(Post & Beams const.)

5. Timber as Structure

 Timber as a structural material is similar to steel and both materials
are available in similar shapes and even jointing of timber or steel
members, respectively, is often comparable.
 Table below shows an overview of similarities and differences
regarding steel and timber.

6. Timber as Structure

 Timber members are particularly capable of acting as tension,
compression and bending members.
 Compared to steel or concrete, the modulus of elasticity is low.
 The texture and appearance of timber makes it very suitable for
use in visually exposed structures.
 The combination of steel and timber often produces light and
competitive structures with timber as compression and steel as
tension members.
 Most timber is found in buildings having a simple rectangular
form used, for example, in floor joists, rafters and other roof
components or for walls in timber framed housing, large
structures can be built economically in other forms such as
domes and examples exist spanning over 100 meters.

7. Timber Const. Element

Vertical Horizontal
- Post - Beams
- Wall stud - Wall Plate

8. Timber (Load)

Instead of decorative purpose:
1. Transmit load.
2. Resist lateral forces
3. Support beams
Through :
Compressions
(Equilibrium, instability
& loads)

9. Axial Load

 To determine strength of materials
F
Figure a: Cantilevered beams
An axial load is a force administered along the lines of an axis.

10. Stress

COMPRESSIVE

11. Stress (Calculation)

Normal Stress, õ = Force, F
Area, A

12. Deflection

Cause by certain Force, into the structure.

13. Deflection

Degree where structural elements displaced.
Example 1: Cantilevered Beam Example 2: Both end supported beam

14. Deflection (Calculation)


15. Deflection (Calculation)


16. Conclusion

 Timber is a natural material the essential properties vary
considerably
 Timber is a lightweight material with a high strength to
weight ratio.
 The strength and stiffness properties of timber are highly
dependent on the angle between load and grain.
 Timber is strong and stiff parallel to the grain whereas it is
prone to cleavage along the grain if tension stresses
perpendicular to the grain occur. It has a low shear strength
and shear modulus.
 Shrinkage and swelling have to be considered during the
design life of timber structures.
 Timber acts well compositely with both steel and concrete.

17. References

URL
 http://research.ttlchiltern.co.uk/pif306/pages/durability
beta1.1/durability%20beta%201.1/step/a05/a5.htm
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column
 http://www.engineeringcivil.com/what-is-the-stress-in-
timber-beams.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflection_(engineering)
Books
 C.J.Mettem, Structural Timber Design and Technology

18. 
Thank
You