What Is A Beam? And What Are The Different Types Of Beam? (https://civiltech-...PoojaGurnule
The article or blog is related to the beam and different types of beam depending on different conditions. Based on Support Conditions, Based on Construction Materials, Based on Cross-Section Shapes, Based on Geometry, Based on Equilibrium Conditions, Based on Method Of Construction
Elements of RCC Framed Structure (With Steel Detailing)Uday Mathe
Aimed for the basic or foundation course in civil engineering. From introduction to detailing of steel. This will help you to get understanding of RCC framed structure.
What Is A Beam? And What Are The Different Types Of Beam? (https://civiltech-...PoojaGurnule
The article or blog is related to the beam and different types of beam depending on different conditions. Based on Support Conditions, Based on Construction Materials, Based on Cross-Section Shapes, Based on Geometry, Based on Equilibrium Conditions, Based on Method Of Construction
Elements of RCC Framed Structure (With Steel Detailing)Uday Mathe
Aimed for the basic or foundation course in civil engineering. From introduction to detailing of steel. This will help you to get understanding of RCC framed structure.
we select cantilever beam having I,C,T section and we select material cast iron, stainless steel, steel and analyze base upon modal and static analysis.we see here deformation,stress ,strain and based upon it we conclude.
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
video
simple supported beams with shear force and bending moments diagrams, different types of loading conditions, everyday scenarios of simply supported beams, advantages and disadvantages of simple supported beams
we select cantilever beam having I,C,T section and we select material cast iron, stainless steel, steel and analyze base upon modal and static analysis.we see here deformation,stress ,strain and based upon it we conclude.
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
OUTLINE
introduction
classification
loads
materials used
Type of reinforcement
RCC
construction methods in RCC
Analysis and design
Detailing
Basic Rules
Site visit
video
simple supported beams with shear force and bending moments diagrams, different types of loading conditions, everyday scenarios of simply supported beams, advantages and disadvantages of simple supported beams
Basic beam column structure construction and examples and lastly shell structure in short.
Rafiq azam buildings.Richerd Mier, Le Corbusier, Tadao Ando residences.
Bangladesh Liberation War museum
Sydney opera house
Running Head BRIDGE DESIGN1BRIDGE DESIGN31.docxtoddr4
Running Head: BRIDGE DESIGN 1
BRIDGE DESIGN 31
Title:
Student Name:
Institution:
Course:
Date:
BRIDGE DESIGN FOR THE MOTOR WAY BELOW
8m
Embankment
A
Motorway
16m
10m
Central Reservation
Motorway
16m
Grass Verge
Existing Factory Units
Footway
A
Carriagewaym
Existing Factory Units
Fixed Factory Entrance
Fixed Factory Entrance
3m
2m
3m
2m
10mm
Existing Highway to Proposed Bridge
Existing Development
Proposed Development
Existing Development
Existing Retaining Wall – 500mm thick rc construction indicated by old record drawings
Central Reservation
10m
10m
Section A-A
2m footway
1.2m high parapets
10m carriageway
Bridge Deck Section
Figure 1
Bridge design
Most suitable bridge forms
· Beam bridge
· Arch bridge
The beam bridge: Beam and slab with ladder decks
This form of bridges comprises of slab which sits on top of steel I-beams. This form is mostly used for mid span highway bridge which is where our required bridge falls in.
Slab in this system is supported on tow main girders with a spacing of about 3.5m and it lies longitudinally between the girders as per the below diagram.
Figure 1
The bridge will use plate girders giving us a scope to vary the flange and web sizes to fit and suit the bridge load carrying capabilities. In the design process, ability of the bridge to carry the maximum load expected and the loading at the various stages of construction will guide on the proportion of girders that is their depth, width of tension and compression flanges and web thickness.
The girders are erected firmly on the ground and have stud connectors welded on the top flange to provide composite action between the slab and girder. The number of studs and spacing vary depending on expected level of shear flow between steel girder and concrete slab.
The girders rest on bearings fastened to the bottom flange. The girders are stiffened to carry the bearing loads at these points. Some cases apply bracing between the girders at support to carry lateral forces and provide torsional restraint.
Bridge description
· The bridge will have a span of 50m.
· The bridge will be raised to a height of 10m on both sides to be in level with the existing highway. The girders will have constant height.
· The bridge cross section will have the reinforced concrete slab sitting on top of two main abutment substructures and an extra substructure which will be on the central reservation. The main substructure will be located at the embarkment of the road.
Construction sequence
Abutment substructure construction
Girder construction
The bridge will consist of two main girder I beams. The girders will be of the same height. To make the I-beam, steel plates will be used. The steel plate is cut into the required sizes for the bottom flange and top flange and for the web. The cut pieces are then fillet welded into the I-section. This is done either by machine manual assembling in jig or through improved pressing machine .
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Tutorial for 16S rRNA Gene Analysis with QIIME2.pdf
Civil engineering basics
1. mylearnings.in
CIVIL ENGINEERING BASICS
For all competitive exams and for practicing engineers
What are Civil Engineering Basics ?
Civil Engineering basics are the basic parameters related to different Structures which all the
engineers should know.
Sub-structure :- Part of structure which is below the ground level is called substructure
Super-structure :- Part of structure which is above ground level is super structure.
Elevation – It’s the view which we can see when we stand right in front of the structure on any of
the sides.
Plastering – A cement, sand and water mix applied on brick wall for smooth surface for painting.
Plinth level – The level on which the actual structure stands on.
Riser – The vertical height of single step.
Tread – The horizontal portion where we put our foot on which going on steps.
Going – The inclined portion of stairs.
Footing – The bottom most part of structure. These are categorized as Isolated footing,
combined footing, Raft etc.
Columns – The vertical members of structure .
Clear cover – It’s the clear distance maintained from concrete face up to face of the
reinforcement steel.
Effective depth – It is the distance from top of the concrete face upto the CG of reinforcement.
Singly reinforced section – A section of concrete member with reinforcement at only on tension
face.
Doubly reinforced section – A section of concrete member with reinforcement on both tension
and compression side.
2. mylearnings.in
Stirrups –Steel bent in closed shape of either Rectangular of circular shape. These are generally
to hold column bars in position and also effective in shear carrying capacity.
Cantilever beam – A beam with fixed support on one side and the other end is free.
Propped cantilever – A beam with fixed support on one side and other end is with pinned
support.
Pedestal – When Length of the member is less than 3 times in width then its called pedestal.
One way slab – When ratio of length to width is more than 2 its one way slab
Two way slab – When ration of length to width is less than or equal to 2 , its two way slab.
Slender column – when length to width ratio of column is more than 12 , then its slender
column
Plain cement concrete (PCC) – The cement concrete mix provided on the ground level over
which foundations, beams are constructed. This is simply a levelling surface.
Pile foundation – The foundation system with Pile i.e cylinder shaped reinforced concrete.
Generally preferred when soil is very weak.
Frog – A small Depression on top of brick. This is for proper bonding with other bricks.
Scaffolding – A temporary structure constructed during the construction when work needs to be
carried out at higher elevations.
Retaining wall – A wall constructed to retain earth.
Tension – A force acting on member and in the direction away from the structure. Imagine
pulling the rubber band with two fingers.
Compression – A force acting on member in the direction towards the structure. This is simple
download load acting on structure.
Stress – Ratio of force applied to its sectional area.
Strain – This is the ratio of change in length to its original length.
Hooke’s Law – With in elastic limit stress is directly proportional to strain.
Poisson’s Ratio – It is the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain.
Strut – A compression member in a truss.
Flab slab – A structural component supported only by columns and no beam arrangement.
Piers – The column types structures for supporting bridge slabs along the length.
3. mylearnings.in
Abutment – The end supports of bridge are abutments.
Lintel – A structural member just above the door or window or rolling shutter.
Cement :- Cement is basically obtained by grinding the stones containing lime and clay. Cement
is the binder which helps in the bonding of cement, sand along with water.
Some of the very important types of cement are
1. Low Heat cement used generally in construction of dams.
2. Sulphate resisting cement used in corrosive type environment. Ex. Sewage contact
surfaces
3. Rapid hardening cement
4. Quick setting cement
Aggregates : - Aggregates are generally of two Types 1) Fine Aggregate and 2) Coarse
Aggregate
Fine aggregate is the one that passes through 4.75 mm sieve and retained on 0.075 mm sieve
Coarse aggregate is the one that retains on 4.75 mm sieve.
Example of Fine aggregate – Sand
Example of Coarse aggregate – Gravel
Concrete :- Concrete is obtained by mixing cement, aggregate and water as per desired mix.
Here water to cement ratio plays important role. Strength of concrete is inversely proportional
to water cement ratio.
Concrete is represented by design mix as M-25.
M is Mix and 25 means compression strength at the end of 28 days considering concrete cubes
of 15 cm cube.
Concrete has Two setting types
a) Initial Setting time - 30 min
b) Final Setting time – 10 hrs
The test for setting time is done using Vicats apparatus.
Concrete setting time can be reduced or increased depending on climatic conditions by using
admixtures.
Admixture for increasing the setting time is called retarder and for reducing the setting time is
called accelerator.