This document discusses different types of foundations including wall footings, isolated footings, combined footings, cantilever footings, continuous footings, mat footings, and machine foundations. Wall footings support structural walls, isolated footings support single columns, combined footings support two or three close columns, cantilever footings connect two isolated footings, continuous footings support rows of three or more columns, and mat footings extend under an entire building or portion. Machine foundations can be block or frame types and their analysis involves dynamic and static stages.

1. FOUNDATION - I
• R.C.C. column footings,
• Foundations for workshops and machines.
• Formwork of foundation with column.

2. Footing
Footings are structural members used to
support columns and walls and to transmit
and distribute their loads to the soil in such a
way that the load bearing capacity of the soil
is not exceeded, excessive settlement,
differential settlement,or rotation are
prevented and adequate safety against
overturning or sliding is maintained.

3. TYPES OF FOOTING
WALL FOOTING
ISOLATED OR SINGLE FOOTING
COMBINED FOOTING
CANTILEVER OR STRAP FOOTING
CONTINUOUS FOOTING
MAT FOOTING

4. Wall footings are used to support structural walls that carry
loads for other floors or to support nonstructural walls.
 All structural load-bearing walls
must bear on footings. These
footings in turn distribute the
loads to the soil. If the loading
on the soil exceeds the soil
bearing capacity, undesirable
settlement will occur, resulting
in cracked walls, uneven floors,
or potentially structural failure
in extreme overloading
WALL FOOTING

5. CONTD

6. FORMWORK FOR WALL FOOTING

7. Isolated or single footings are used to support single columns.
This is one of the most economical types of footings and is
used when columns are spaced at relatively long distances.
ISOLATED FOOTING

8. LAYING OF FOOTING

9. DETAILED SECTION

10. Combined footings usually
support two columns, or
three columns not in a row.
Combined footings are used
when tow columns are so
close that single footings
cannot be used or when one
column is located at or near
a property line.
COMBINED FOOTING

11. REINFORCEMENT DETAIL

12. CONTD..

13. Cantilever or strap footings
consist of two single
footings connected with a
beam or a strap and support
two single columns. This
type replaces a combined
footing and is more
economical.
STRAP FOOTING

14. CONTD

15. Continuous footings support a row of three or more columns.
They have limited width and continue under all columns.
CONTINUOUS FOOTING

16. CONTD

17.  This foundation extends below the
entire building and distributes the
load from multiple columns and
walls of the structure to the soil
below. May be used for an entire
building or a portion of the building.
They are sometimes used to resist
water pressures when groundwater
extends above the level of the floor
of the lowest basement of a
building
MAT FOOTING

18. CONTD

19.  The analysis and design of structure or foundation
subjected to vibratory loading is a complex problem
 In majority of the cases the machines are supported
on a simple concrete block.
TYPES
• BLOCK TYPE
• FRAME TYPE
MACHINE FOUNDATION

20. CONTD

21.  The Analysis of the Machine foundation is done in two
stages:
 •Dynamic Analysis : Includes determination of the
natural frequencies of the Machine foundation system
and calculation of amplitudes of displacements and
rotations of the foundation under dynamic loading.
 •Static Analysis: Includes check for strength of the
foundation, stability of the foundation and check for
soil bearing capacity
CONTD

22. CONTD

23. THANK YOU