This document discusses different types of computer memory and storage. It defines ROM as permanent memory that cannot be changed and RAM as temporary memory that only works when a computer is turned on. It then explains units of measurement for memory like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes. Finally, it describes various methods of external storage like hard drives, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, and flash drives, noting their storage capacities and common uses.
You can present like this :
Good to all
I am --
going to present a presentation on Computer c.p.u
We all know that cpu consist of three elements
C.U,ALU,MU ___ Explain little all because are main focus on secondary memory
FOUND ANY ERROR PLEASE COMMENT
Thank you
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You can present like this :
Good to all
I am --
going to present a presentation on Computer c.p.u
We all know that cpu consist of three elements
C.U,ALU,MU ___ Explain little all because are main focus on secondary memory
FOUND ANY ERROR PLEASE COMMENT
Thank you
Working principle of a hard disk controllerMarajulislam3
A hard disk controller (HDC) is an electrical component within a computer hard disk that enables the processor or CPU to access, read, write, delete and modify data to and from the hard disk. Essentially, an HDC allows the computer or its processor to control the hard disk.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Lesson Objectives
Understand the relationship between
different units of measurement of
computer memory.
Use this knowledge to select the most
appropriate method of storage.
Understand the difference between
RAM and ROM and are able to define
them.
3. ROM
ROM stands for Read Only Memory:
It is permanent, long term memory, which
cannot be changed or erased is any way.
It is also known as non-volatile memory
because it is not lost when the computer is
turned off.
ROM Chips instruct the computer how to load
the operating system from the hard drive into
the computers memory.
4. RAM
RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
Temporary, short term working memory.
Only works when the computer is turned on.
It is also know as volatile memory because
data disappears once the computer is turned
off.
Each time you start a program it is loaded into
the RAM.
The amount of RAM influences the processing
power, speed and how many programs can
run at the same time.
5. Measurement of Memory
Computer memory is measured in bytes.
A single byte is made up of 1’s and 0’s.
These are known as binary bits.
1
Kilobyte
(kb)
= 1024
Bytes
1
Megabyte
(Mb)
= 1 048
576
Bytes
1
Gigabyte
(Gb)
= 1024 Mb
7. Data Storage
It is very important to have a device on
which to store data and programs when the
computer is turned off.
There are two main types of external
storage.
Magnetic Media
Optical Drives
8. Magnetic Media
This category includes:
Hard Drives
Floppy Disks
Tape Drives
These are the most common, and cheapest
way to store data.
9. Internal Backing Store
Hard disks are the main internal backing store
usually found inside computers.
The main benefit of hard drives is that they
have a large storage capacity – 20 Gigabytes
or more (1Bg = 1024 Mb).
10. Floppy Disks
Floppy Disks were common external storage
devices.
They only store up to 1.44Mb of data.
When are they useful?
Transferring small files between computers.
Backing up small files.
Why do you think they are not so common
anymore?
11. Magnetic Tape
Large organisations who need to back up their
systems daily tend to use magnetic tapes to
store their data.
Works like a video tape. To find a specific
piece of data, you have to start at the
beginning of the tape and continue fast
forwarding until you get to the piece of data
that you need.
This makes it fairly slow to find and retrieve
data so it would not be much use to store data
that you needed to get hold of quickly.
13. CD-ROM
Stands for Compact Disk – Read Only
Memory
They store up to 700 Mb of data and a
laser beam is used to read the data off the
disk.
What can they be used for?
Much bigger than a floppy disk.
Can be used for multimedia applications
and to store sound, video and pictures.
14. DVD
Stands for Digital Versatile Disk
A DVD is similar to a CD.
A single sided DVD can store
about 4.7Gb of data. Double sided
DVDs can hold over 9Gb of data.
Different companies which make
DVD’s haven't agreed on a
standard format.
15. Flash Drives
Flash memory storage devices are
typically small, lightweight,
removable and rewritable.
They usually have a removable
cap which covers and protects the
part of the stick which is inserted
into a USB port.
Memory sticks are available from 1
Gb up to 8Gb.
