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Computer Hardware
What is Hardware?
 All physical parts (you can touch) of a computer are called hardware.
 When all components fit together they are called a computer system.
 The following diagram shows how information passes through a simple
computer system.
A Simple Computer System
Processor
 The processor is known as ‘the Brain’ of the computer. It’s full title is the
Central Processing Unit (CPU).
 The processor carries out instructions. Billions of instructions are executed
every second by the processor.
 Processor speed is measured in GigaHertz (GHz, billions of clock cycles per
second).
 A set of instructions that control the operation of the computer is called a
program.
Memory
 Computer memory is made up of millions storage locations.
 These locations are used to store programs and data.
 The amount of information that can be stored depends on the number of memory
locations available.
RAM and ROM
 Computer memory is made up of two different types of memory:
 RAM (Random Access Memory) – Used to store all programs and data, and the
Operating System. This is temporary storage, all information stored will be lost
when the computer is switched off.
 ROM (Read Only Memory) - Used to store the instructions which start the
computer up. Data stored in ROM is permanent and will not be lost when the
computer is switched off.

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Computer Hardware

  • 2. What is Hardware?  All physical parts (you can touch) of a computer are called hardware.  When all components fit together they are called a computer system.  The following diagram shows how information passes through a simple computer system.
  • 4. Processor  The processor is known as ‘the Brain’ of the computer. It’s full title is the Central Processing Unit (CPU).  The processor carries out instructions. Billions of instructions are executed every second by the processor.  Processor speed is measured in GigaHertz (GHz, billions of clock cycles per second).  A set of instructions that control the operation of the computer is called a program.
  • 5. Memory  Computer memory is made up of millions storage locations.  These locations are used to store programs and data.  The amount of information that can be stored depends on the number of memory locations available.
  • 6. RAM and ROM  Computer memory is made up of two different types of memory:  RAM (Random Access Memory) – Used to store all programs and data, and the Operating System. This is temporary storage, all information stored will be lost when the computer is switched off.  ROM (Read Only Memory) - Used to store the instructions which start the computer up. Data stored in ROM is permanent and will not be lost when the computer is switched off.