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This document discusses various topics in community ecology, including factors that structure communities, species interactions, succession, and sustainability. It covers hypotheses about community organization, including the individualistic hypothesis which emphasizes chance assemblage and the interactive hypothesis which views communities as superorganisms linked by biotic interactions. Other topics include community variables, species roles, invasive species, island biogeography, indicator and keystone species, competition and other interspecific interactions, predator-prey dynamics, parasites, and mutualism.



















































































































