We explore methodologies that allow conclusions to be drawn from the large Poverty Environment Network (PEN) dataset. First, we characterize the diverse parts of the tropics in terms of factors that influence forest resources, access and livelihoods. Secondly, for the conclusions drawn from the site-based analysis to be useful for roader policy recommendations, we need to know the extrapolation domains. We compared the characteristics of landscapes where PEN studies took place with overall tropical landscapes, and those of PEN villages with 'random' villages. Both methods rely on variables derived from global data sets using spatial analysis. Thirdly, we study the relationships of livelihoods and forests using multilevel regression analysis. Our study suggests that for global comparative analysis, it is necessary to identify the overall variation of the system of interest, to define the extrapolation domain of the samples/study sites, and to address relationships that by nature involve multiple scale processes. Available global data set, advances in spatial techniques and relatively cheap computer storage and computational power allow such analysis to be done, adding value through global comparative analysis of the interesting site-level findings.
By Kate Lazarus. As part of a CPWF September 2011 workshop in Thailand regarding global drivers. We have divided driver types into five categories: 1. Demographic/Social, 2. Economic, 3. Political/Institutional/Legal, 4. Environmental/Climate change, 5. Technological/ Innovations
A review of few researches of conifer adaption and survival in Israel. according the data that showed here we can estimate the following:
Pinus Brutia and P. pinea usually have an high and stable survival.
P. halepensis can be survive better than the other species in certain years in part of the sites
Cupressus sempervirens have quite good survive in the north and can be less in other regions.
C. atlantica get the higher rank on rendzina
לצפייה באתר ולהורדת הקובץ ראה בקישור הבא:
Look in the site: http://nirforestecosoil.com/
Remote sensing application in agriculture & forestry_Dr Menon A R R (The Kera...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr A R R Menon, Emeritus scientist, CED on Remote Sensing applications in agriculture and forestry was made at at the Kerala Environment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Environment and Development
Nechisar park gis based conservation assesmentAsaye Nigussie
ANALYSIS OF LAND AND VEGETATION COVER DYNAMICS
USING REMOTE SENSING & GIS TECHINIQUES,A CASE
STUDY OF NECHISAR NATIONAL PARK
Abstract
The research aims to analyze the trend of land and vegetation cover dynamics over the period from 1976, 1986 2000 and 2007 thus examine the conservation status of the area and generate
up-to-date land cover map. Information is extracted from various Satellite images of multidated Landsat, ASTER and MODIS images. The Landsat images are the basic remote sensing data to generate the thematic maps which are further analyzed to show the cover dynamics in the park for 24years. All datas from the satellite images are processesed and analyzed using digital image processing techniques. Besides, different vector data are extracted from the images as well as other thematic maps. MODIS-NDVI images are analyzed for the different land cover classes and each vegetation cover seasonal response is compared for the year 2000 and 2005.
The land cover classes identified in the study area from 1976, 1986, 2000 and 2007 are water body, riparian and ground water (GW) forest, wood land, dense bush land, bushy shrubbed grass land, open grass land, degraded grass land, cultivated land, swamp vegetation and bare
land. Rate of land cover change and fragmentation of habitat were discussed for the different
land cover classes. Rate of land cover change, fragmentation index and land cover conversion
matrix clearly shows the dynamics of the different cover classes has happened for the past decades and generally the park conservation status is found to be poor. Bush encroachment in the study area is a major challenge to the park particularly for the grass land and overgrazing
on the Nechisar plain has caused expansion of invasive plants erosion and land degradation.
The community livelihood dependency both in the rural and urban setting is concluded and discussed as a challenge to the park from biodiversity conservation point of view.
Key Words: Land cover dynamics, National park, Vegetation cover, Remote sensing and GIS,
Habitat fragmentation, degradation, biodiversity conservation.
Global forest land-use change from 1990 to 2005: Initial results from an FAO ...FAO
Results of a new study by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the world’s forest resources conducted using satellite imagery, which provides updated information on the extent and rate of global forest losses. The figures are based on the most comprehensive use yet of high-resolution satellite data to provide a sample of forests worldwide.
Presented by Mohammed Said, Shem Kifugo, Tom Otieno, Enoch Ontiri and Bernard Bett at the Workshop on Dynamics Drivers of Diseases in Africa, Nairobi, 24–26 June 2014
Indonesia has grown to become the world’s largest exporter of steam coal. Its production has increased from 77 million tons in 2000 to 353 million tons in 2011. The Indonesian part of Borneo Island (Kalimantan) has become the main coal producing center in the country. Between 2000 and 2011, coal mining concessions in Kalimantan expanded from 1.5 million ha to about 13 million hectares. So far, the extent of forest loss because of coal mining has been limited and is much lower than that caused by oil palm. However, this is largely because small scale mining concessions, which form the majority of the mining concession area allocated, are yet to be activated. Because the legal framework encourages expansion and growth in coal production, the pressure on forest may increase if small mining concessions become fully operational. This may happen if the demand for coal in China and India, currently the main driving force behind the growth of coal mining in Indonesia, expands as predicted. Domestically, the privileged treatment of the coal mining sector as a strategic part of Indonesia’s long term development plan is a potential threat to forests as well. New policies limiting the intensity of coal mining, seeking to add value, and limit environmental damage are needed to guard against long term environmental and social damage.
Smallholders represent a significant portion (38%) of oil palm cultivation in Indonesia, and represent a critical component of the palm oil industry, as well as constitute a significant opportunity to improve livelihoods in resource-poor settings. Smallholders’ engagement in oil palm cultivation began as part of Indonesian government to promote tree plantation crops in the late 1970s. The initial programme consisted basically of direct state investments through state-owned companies (PTPN) and was integrated with government-sponsored transmigration programmes to provide a labor force for the new plantations. This integration was embryonic for smallholder engagement in state-led agribusiness. The emergence of smallholder oil palm planters constituted a spread effect of plantation development led by the government. The state agribusiness-driven policy has transformed rural areas and settlement development was started in the surrounding of large-scale oil palm plantation.
More Related Content
Similar to Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Analysis of forest-livelihoods nexus global data set by SDewi
By Kate Lazarus. As part of a CPWF September 2011 workshop in Thailand regarding global drivers. We have divided driver types into five categories: 1. Demographic/Social, 2. Economic, 3. Political/Institutional/Legal, 4. Environmental/Climate change, 5. Technological/ Innovations
A review of few researches of conifer adaption and survival in Israel. according the data that showed here we can estimate the following:
Pinus Brutia and P. pinea usually have an high and stable survival.
P. halepensis can be survive better than the other species in certain years in part of the sites
Cupressus sempervirens have quite good survive in the north and can be less in other regions.
C. atlantica get the higher rank on rendzina
לצפייה באתר ולהורדת הקובץ ראה בקישור הבא:
Look in the site: http://nirforestecosoil.com/
Remote sensing application in agriculture & forestry_Dr Menon A R R (The Kera...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr A R R Menon, Emeritus scientist, CED on Remote Sensing applications in agriculture and forestry was made at at the Kerala Environment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Environment and Development
Nechisar park gis based conservation assesmentAsaye Nigussie
ANALYSIS OF LAND AND VEGETATION COVER DYNAMICS
USING REMOTE SENSING & GIS TECHINIQUES,A CASE
STUDY OF NECHISAR NATIONAL PARK
Abstract
The research aims to analyze the trend of land and vegetation cover dynamics over the period from 1976, 1986 2000 and 2007 thus examine the conservation status of the area and generate
up-to-date land cover map. Information is extracted from various Satellite images of multidated Landsat, ASTER and MODIS images. The Landsat images are the basic remote sensing data to generate the thematic maps which are further analyzed to show the cover dynamics in the park for 24years. All datas from the satellite images are processesed and analyzed using digital image processing techniques. Besides, different vector data are extracted from the images as well as other thematic maps. MODIS-NDVI images are analyzed for the different land cover classes and each vegetation cover seasonal response is compared for the year 2000 and 2005.
The land cover classes identified in the study area from 1976, 1986, 2000 and 2007 are water body, riparian and ground water (GW) forest, wood land, dense bush land, bushy shrubbed grass land, open grass land, degraded grass land, cultivated land, swamp vegetation and bare
land. Rate of land cover change and fragmentation of habitat were discussed for the different
land cover classes. Rate of land cover change, fragmentation index and land cover conversion
matrix clearly shows the dynamics of the different cover classes has happened for the past decades and generally the park conservation status is found to be poor. Bush encroachment in the study area is a major challenge to the park particularly for the grass land and overgrazing
on the Nechisar plain has caused expansion of invasive plants erosion and land degradation.
The community livelihood dependency both in the rural and urban setting is concluded and discussed as a challenge to the park from biodiversity conservation point of view.
Key Words: Land cover dynamics, National park, Vegetation cover, Remote sensing and GIS,
Habitat fragmentation, degradation, biodiversity conservation.
Global forest land-use change from 1990 to 2005: Initial results from an FAO ...FAO
Results of a new study by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the world’s forest resources conducted using satellite imagery, which provides updated information on the extent and rate of global forest losses. The figures are based on the most comprehensive use yet of high-resolution satellite data to provide a sample of forests worldwide.
Presented by Mohammed Said, Shem Kifugo, Tom Otieno, Enoch Ontiri and Bernard Bett at the Workshop on Dynamics Drivers of Diseases in Africa, Nairobi, 24–26 June 2014
Indonesia has grown to become the world’s largest exporter of steam coal. Its production has increased from 77 million tons in 2000 to 353 million tons in 2011. The Indonesian part of Borneo Island (Kalimantan) has become the main coal producing center in the country. Between 2000 and 2011, coal mining concessions in Kalimantan expanded from 1.5 million ha to about 13 million hectares. So far, the extent of forest loss because of coal mining has been limited and is much lower than that caused by oil palm. However, this is largely because small scale mining concessions, which form the majority of the mining concession area allocated, are yet to be activated. Because the legal framework encourages expansion and growth in coal production, the pressure on forest may increase if small mining concessions become fully operational. This may happen if the demand for coal in China and India, currently the main driving force behind the growth of coal mining in Indonesia, expands as predicted. Domestically, the privileged treatment of the coal mining sector as a strategic part of Indonesia’s long term development plan is a potential threat to forests as well. New policies limiting the intensity of coal mining, seeking to add value, and limit environmental damage are needed to guard against long term environmental and social damage.
Smallholders represent a significant portion (38%) of oil palm cultivation in Indonesia, and represent a critical component of the palm oil industry, as well as constitute a significant opportunity to improve livelihoods in resource-poor settings. Smallholders’ engagement in oil palm cultivation began as part of Indonesian government to promote tree plantation crops in the late 1970s. The initial programme consisted basically of direct state investments through state-owned companies (PTPN) and was integrated with government-sponsored transmigration programmes to provide a labor force for the new plantations. This integration was embryonic for smallholder engagement in state-led agribusiness. The emergence of smallholder oil palm planters constituted a spread effect of plantation development led by the government. The state agribusiness-driven policy has transformed rural areas and settlement development was started in the surrounding of large-scale oil palm plantation.
The development of oil palm cultivation followed very different paths across continents. Originating from Central Africa where palm oil was first collected from the wild in the forest, oil palm has since become a typical agro-industrial crop especially in South-East Asia and Latin America. More recently smallholders have increased their share in the production, while with some differences. Nowadays the problem that the oil palm sector faces is no longer related to either choose agro-industries or smallholders, but to find the best way to associate agro-industries and smallholders in mutually beneficial schemes. Examples from Indonesia, Cameroon and Colombia show the limits and opportunities of such associations.
Payment for environmental services (PES) is a conservation policy option that its implementation in Asian developing countries demands integrating environmental service provision and livelihood enhancement. The analysis of a payment for carbon service in Indonesia revealed that tensions between PES design rules and land managers’ practices existed. It can shed light onto PES positive and negative impacts on land managers, including their performance in accomplishing their contractual agreements with the carbon buyer. This empirical case overall emphasizes the importance of examining PES beyond conventional economic analysis, i.e. micro- and meso-analysis. Consequently, PES research from developing countries might consider the involvement of other scales targeting pico-economics, where decision making, interpretation of observations and construction of perceived causal mechanisms influence PES performances and ensure balance of tradeoff between ES provision and multidimensional poverty alleviation. Moreover, the macroeconomic context of national development and giga economic scale of global issues imply direct relevance to effectiveness and fairness of PES schemes.
Much of the literature on food security implies that future food production will need to come either at the expense of forests or from intensification of land in ecosystems other than forest. When the definition of food security embraces the concept of nutrition in addition to adequate energy (calorie) supply, then the prevailing attitude that we need to replace forests or ignore them in the food security debate becomes an open research question. This paper questions the view that increased forest conservation compromises food security and investigates the relationship between tree cover and child nutrition. We integrate food consumption data for ca. 140,000 children from 21 African countries with data on vegetation cover to examine the relationship between tree cover and three indicators of nutrition. We find that for the majority of children in our sample, there is a statistically significant positive relationship between tree cover and dietary diversity; a statistically significant positive relationship between tree cover and fruit and vegetable consumption; but no relationship between animal source food consumption and tree cover. Overall our findings suggest that children in Africa who live in areas with more tree cover, up to a certain threshold, have more nutritious diets.
We have developed generic and replicable tools to assess hydrological, carbon, biodiversity and hydrological functions of a landscape. The Rapid Hydrological Appraisal (RHA) identifies and reconciles local, public/policymakers and scientist perspectives on hydrological issues in a landscape. Using a parsimonious hydrological model we can assess the current hydrological situation and prospect impact of possible land cover change on hydrological function. The Rapid Carbon Stocks Appraisal (RACSA) assesses landscape ability to store carbon. The tool entails measuring plot-level carbon stocks for forest and tree based systems, and performing land cover/land cover change analysis to produce landscape carbon/carbon loss map. Further integration with land use profitability data and a land change model, we can perform trade-off analysis on carbon versus livelihood for various plausible development pathways. The Quick Biodiversity Survey (QBS) provides an initial estimate of the biodiversity value of a landscape. Using indicator animal groups and plants, the approach surveyed a 1-km long transects in which the layout and frequency of sample points are determined by the animal groups being surveyed. The survey uses local guide who is knowledgeable about local plants and animals. Species identifications are carried out in consultation with experts. The outcome of three appraisal tools can further be used as the basis for PES schemes development. We had applied these tools in various regions in Southeast Asia. The tools potentially can be applied in other regions as well.
Reducing deforestation and implementing sustainable land-use are major challenges in the Peruvian Amazon, where the socio-economic development of smallholder migrant farmers and the attraction of private investment forlarge-scale agriculture, oil extraction and mining, together with the construction of roads, are part of government strategy to integrate the region in the growing national economy. This study considers the potential of intervening in the configuration and structure of the agricultural mosaic, combining avoided deforestation, reforestation and tree enrichment in the landholdings of smallholder cacao farmers of the Ucayali region. Due to favorable international prices and public and private investments, the last 10 years has seen a rapid proliferation of producers’ associations that have become important players in local development. Besides connecting farmers to the market and providing agricultural services, associations are important in the process of land allocation and titling, in lobbying for infrastructure and services for settlers, and ultimately in determining land-use trajectories, including deforestation and forest degradation. Cacao producers’ associations have also played an important role in promoting the certification process and, more recently, access to the voluntary carbon market. For all these reasons, such associations are a suitable entry-point for interventions affecting land-use at the landscape-level.
China initiated the largest forest conservation programs in the world. Chinese forest policies also contributed to increasing forest/tree cover in Yunnan province, Southwest China. We mapped forest cover in Yunnan, Mekong region using satellite imagery. We reconstructed the forest transition curve through narratives since the Great Leap Forward that started in 1958, as well as data from socioeconomic census since 1990s. Our results suggest that the increase in tree cover at the end of the last century was initiated by government policies that encompass regulative approaches as well as incentive payments for tree planting on sloping land, as well as market-driven plantation economy. Local trajectories of forest cover change hence resulted from a combination of exogenous policy-induced incentive payments and endogenous adaptation of land use strategies to changing market conditions. While policies facilitated the increase of tree cover in Yunnan, the degradation of natural forests often continued unabated. Local differences in factor endowments and the uneven geographic distribution of policy support contributed to considerable variation in the pathways to the forest transition, the shape of the forest transition curve, and the environmental and economic outcomes among villages. A better understanding of these processes is paramount to design incentive schemes that stimulate sustainable land use transitions.
This presentation focuses on sharing analysis undertaken on the growth of area cleared for, or planted with industrial plantations from 1975 to 2010 across Indonesian Borneo determined by visual inspection of >182 Landsat images. It also discusses the trajectory of land cover changes before industrial plantations establishment to identify whether plantations have been established on: 1) intact forests, 2) logged forests; 3) very degraded forests; or 4) smallholder agricultural areas. Finally, the proportion of 2000-2010 deforestation (loss of old-growth natural forest cover) caused by industrial plantations and by small farmers is analyzed. The implications of these findings for the large versus small-scale debate will be discussed.
More from Forest, Trees and Agroforestry - Component 3: Landscape Management (13)
Seminar 13 Mar 13 - Session 4 - Who drives deforestation in Kalimantan by DGa...
Seminar13 Mar 2013 - Sesion 1 - Analysis of forest-livelihoods nexus global data set by SDewi
1. Analysis of forest-livelihoods nexus:
how can global data set help?
Sonya Dewi, Brian Belcher,
Atie Puntodewo
“Tree cover transitions & investment in multicolored economy”
One Day Seminar, March 13 2013, Bogor
2. Outline
• PEN study and dataset
• Characterization of the diverse parts of the
tropics
• Extrapolation domain of large scale,
comparative studies
• Multilevel analysis of relationships of
livelihoods and forests
4. The PENis a…set
PEN data
• Large (360 villages, 10,000+ households)
• pan-tropical (25 countries, 3 regions)
• collection of detailed and (intended) high-quality
data by
• 38 PhD student partners on the
• poverty-forest (environment) nexus at the household
level,
Aim: produce the most comprehensive (breadth and
depth) analysis of poverty-forest links
6. Global dataset
Spatial analysis of global maps clipped for the tropics only:
• Global land cover: JRC, 2006. The Global Land Cover 2006
• Ecoregion: WWF, 2005. WWF Terrestrial Ecoregions
• Population density: CIESIN, 2005. Estimated Population Density
2005 from Gridded population of the World (GPW) version 2
• Settlement locations: World Gazeteer – population figures for cities,
places, regions, countries (http://world-gazeteer.com/)
• Roads: DMA, 2006. Digital Chart of the World, Roads
• Protected areas: UNEP, 2010. World Database on Protected Areas
(WDPA)
• Elevation: GTOPO30
• Watersheds: WWF Conservation Science Program, 2009.
Hydrological basins derived from HydroSHEDS.
7. Ecosystem
Scale 1:10,000,000
Source: WWF, 2005. WWF Terrestrial
Ecoregions
17. - Multi-level
o Hh characteristics
o Resource base
o Access to market
o Access to
resources
o …
- Policies should
address multiple-
level issues
18. Coeff Signif. Coeff Signif.
Total income (ln) Watershed-level variables
Intercept 0.805 Dry broadleaved forest
Household-level variables compared to Moist broadleaved
Members -0.159 ** forest -0.356 **
Age of head -0.003 ** Grassland, savanna, shrubland -0.747 **
Number of adults eq 0.162 ** Coniferous forest 0.733 **
Female headed -0.235 ** Montane grassland -0.737 *
Percent of forest land managed -0.001 Desert and xeric shrubland -1.240 **
Percent of agricultural land Distance to core forest 0.154 **
managed -0.04 % Core forest 1.125 **
Total land (ln ha) 0.183 ** Mean Population dens 0.632 **
Herfindahl index (diversity of FT x dry broadleaved forest -0.077
source of income) ** FT x grassland, savanna,
Village-level variables shrubland -0.217 **
Road density 0.443 ** FT x coniferous forest -0.275 **
Population density 2.84 ** FT x montane grassland -0.474 **
Road dens x Population dens -0.298 ** FT x Desert and xeric shrubland -0.133
Distance to Protected Areas 0.079 ** Village x WS-level
Sub-montane compared to Population density -0.197 **
lowland -0.227 **
Montane compared to lowland -0.018 **
Sub-alpine compared to lowland -0.675 **
Alpine compared to lowland -0.445 **
19. Global dataset can help …
• Providing context to case studies and
comparative studies at different scales
• Finding the sampling frame and population
• Analysis of typologies; finding extrapolation
domain
• Generating data for multiple and cross-scale
analysis, e.g., with multiple level regression
analysis