Ecosystem and Stability - Population Dynamics, Population density, Spatial Distribution patter, Population range, reproduction pattern, Limiting population Growth - Dependent and independent Factor Population Growth Rate Ecosystem Stability - Resistance and Resilliance Reference : Exploring Life Through Science 10

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EcosystemPopulation and Ecosystem Stability

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•Ecosystem – A biological community of
interacting organisms and their physical
environment.
•Habitat – A place where an organism or a
community of organisms lives, including all
living and nonliving factors or conditions of
the surrounding environment
•Community - An interacting group of
various species in a common location
Vocabulary

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•Population - Is all the organisms of the
same group or species, which live in a
particular geographical area, and have the
capability of interbreeding
•Keystone species- is a plant or animal that
plays a unique and crucial role in the way an
ecosystem function.
•Niche – the role or function of an organism
or species in an ecosystem

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Review

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Review

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One-way flow
of energy
Cycling of
matter
Population
Sustain a

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P o p u l a t i o n D y n a m i c s

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•The study of life can extend from the global
scale of the biosphere to the microscopic
component of an organism.
•Different ecosystem house different
organisms, an entire array of which make
up a community.
•A group of organisms having the same
characteristic belong to a population
Population Dynamics

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•Population ecologists study the unique
characteristics of populations that
distinguish them from one another.
•The different studies about populations of
organisms belong to an umbrella of
knowledge known as population ecology.
Population Dynamics

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•Population ecologists are concerned not
only with the number of members of a
certain population, but also the population
density, which is the number of individual
occupying a certain area.
Population Density

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•The capability to spread and occupy a
specific area is another characteristic of
population of a species. This specific
pattern of spacing among members of a
population within a specified area is called
dispersion
Spatial Distribution Pattern

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Scientist classify dispersion pattern into three
types:

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•Some species can only occupy a specific are
because of their inherit adaptive traits, but
some can expand their range and live in many
habitats.
•Other condition can limit population range is the
abiotic factor such as the amount of rainfall,
sudden changes in temperature and biotic factor
like presence of predator, competitors or
parasites.
Population Range

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•Species have unique reproduction patterns that
ensure their survival. In order to adapt to
environmental factors that affect population growth,
species are naturally equipped with different
reproductive strategies.
•Some organism produce many, small-size offspring
all at once, with little or no parental care or
protection
Reproduction Patterns

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•Other organism, tend to produce a small number of
offspring with fairly long life span to give them
optimum protection.
Reproduction Patterns

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Limiting
Population
Growth

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How population in your
community control?

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•We expect populations to flourish when
favorable condition, such as adequate
food, are present.
•Normally, the environment possesses
abiotic and biotic factors that may reduce
population size
•Two categories pf limiting factors exist:
density-independent and density-
dependent factors

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Density-Independent Factors
•Affect the population regardless of its density.
These are usually abiotic factors, such as
extreme weather conditions, which can affect
the survival of a species.

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•Depend on the number of members in a
population. These factors include exposure
to infectious diseases and parasites,
predation and competition for food, water
supply and breeding ground.
Density-Dependent Factors

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•The number of organisms that can
supported by a given environment refers to
its carrying capacity. When an organisms
exceed the carrying capacity, the
population will suffer a dieback or
population crash, wherein many members
of the population will die

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•Aside from the death or birth, moving in
and out of habitats can also alter
population size.
•Immigration – refers to the movement of
individual members of a population into
another group of population
•Emigration - happens when some
members leave the group.

26. 4THCOFFEE •Ecologist use mathematical model to
better understand how population grow un
their habitats and to predict the size of a
particular population will change over
time.
•Exponential Growth Model – refers for the
steady, continuous growth
•Logistic Growth Model – as the number of
population rise and reach the carrying
capacity then the growth will slow down.

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•Population of organism can change their size as
a response to certain limiting conditions in the
environment. One way to increase population
size is through the birth of new members.
•Birth rate (natality) – refers to the number of
individual births in a population in a certain
period of time.
•Death rate (mortality) – indicates the number
of deaths in a certain population in a given
time.
Population Growth Rate

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Biodiversity
and Ecosystem
Stability

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•Majority of natural ecosystems experience
constant disturbances or environmental
changes
•An ecosystem is stable when it has the
ability to maintain its structure and
function over long period of time despite
disturbances
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability

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•An ecosystem shows resistance when its
structure and all functions stay normal
despite changes in the environment
•An ecosystem has resilience when it can
regain its normal structure and function
after a disturbance
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability

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•To day, no ecosystem is stable because of
massive disruption from human
intervention.

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“An ecosystem can support only a
limited number of organisms.”