1. There are various patterns of distribution for different species based on factors like habitat, geography, and climate. No two species have an identical distribution.
2. The causes of distribution patterns vary depending on the taxonomic level from broad families to specific genera.
3. Distribution patterns also vary depending on the spatial scale examined from global to local levels. Key factors that influence patterns include geological history, climate, food and habitat availability, competition, and human activities.
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
Wildlife management techniques and methods of wildlife conservationAnish Gawande
Wildlife Conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the environment and provides stability to different natural processes of nature. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGO's dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living species that is in the danger of becoming extinct because the species has a very low or falling population, or because they are threatened by the varying environmental or prepositional parameters.
Biodiversity knows no political boundaries and its conservation is therefore a collective responsibility of all nations. The historic Convention on Biological Diversity (‘The Earth Summit’) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, called upon all nations to take appropriate measures for conservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilisation of its benefits. In a follow-up, the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in 2002 in Johannesburg, South Africa, 190 countries pledged their commitment to achieve by 2010, a significant reduction in the current rate of biodiversity loss at global, regional and local levels
Biodiversity conservation A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Biodiversity conservation A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Expert KPK at Peshawar Former DG Agri Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor AUP Peshawar
Diversity of Soil Fauna and Ecosystem Function tariqulmasud12
Soils are natural resources of utmost. Importance for a number of ecosystem and biosphere processes such as plant production, cycling of organic matter and nutrients, storage of C and water, and release of nitrous oxides, CO2 and methane. Soil degradation, through various processes, is a matter of great concern, since their integrity is absolutely critical to increasing food production (FAO, 1995), and regulating atmospheric fluxes of greenhouse gases (Jenkinson, 199 1 ; Wallace, 1994).
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
3. 1. No two species are identical in their patterns of
distribution
Both species occupy the same
tree. (A) Apteryx australis
occupies the floor (B)
Rhipidura fuliginosa occupies
the canopy branches
(A)
(B)
MICROHABITAT
concept
4. Global patterns of terrestrial vertebrate diversity analyzed in the study. Each of the 32 bioregions is colored
by its vertebrate species richness (amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal richness combined; dark green
represents the lowest values and dark red represents the highest values) (Jetz & Fine, 2012)
5. 2. Causes of pattern vary according to the taxonomic
level
Distribution of the
Asteraceae Family
Distribution of the
Helianthus genus
6. 3. Causes of patterns also vary with the spatial scale
7. 4. Factors in patterns of distribution
Geological history
Climate
Availability of food Chemistry of Environment
Competition
8. 5. Species introduction led to new patterns of
distribution
Macropus eugenii was thought to be extinct in Australia
for 100 years. But it has been rediscovered in an island in
New Zealand (2000 species) where a former governor of
that country introduced the species in 1862.
Introduction of mahogany species in the Philippines led to
hectares of biodiversity-dead zones.
12. 8. Biodiversity means the full range of life on earth
Genetic Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
Species
Diversity
13. 9. Knowledge on global diversity must be established to
appreciate the increasing extinction rate of species
• Since there is no absolute idea on how many species existed
in the first place, extinction rates are vaguely estimated
• Little is known about extinction rates of microorganisms
• We can rarely be sure that a species is actually lost, that no
isolated members remain
14. 10. Out of the 30 million species on Earth, only 1.8
million species have been described
(Groombridge, 1992)
15. 11. The tropics have the highest species diversity
Latitudinal gradients of species richness for swallow tail butterflies in three parts of the world. (Collin & Morris, 1985)
High species diversity is due to:
a. high productivity and food availability
b. high biomass and hence complex structure
c. past patterns of evolution
d. survival of fragments of habitats through the cold episodes of the last 2
million years
e. degree of small-scale disturbance mosaic of successional processes
16. 12. Diversity involves species richness and evenness
and generally increases during the course of succession
Increasing diversity
17. 13. Biodiversity in a community is dynamic but there
are also stabilizing forces at work
• Neutral Theory of Biodiversity (Hubbell, 2001)
– Chance plays a great a great part in determining what
species are present in the ecosystem
• Chaos Theory
– Very small chance events can determine the ultimate
outcome of the ecosystem
18. 14. There is a tendency for human populations to be
dense in biodiversity hotspots.
The Crete Island in Greece
a. supported human populations ever since the Neolithic age
b. only 245 km long by 50 km wide and isolated for 5.5 million years
c. human population reaching 1 million yet supports a highly diverse
community (10% of the species are endemic to the island)
Anthropogenic activities lead to HABITAT DIVERSIFICATION which promotes an increase
in biodiversity. There is evidence that biological diversity and human population density
are positively related over the less extreme density range. (Cox & Moore, 2005)