Ecology - Negative Interaction - PREDATION (KMB)

Ecology - Negative Interaction - PREDATION (KMB)

• 2.
  P PREDATION PREDATOR PPREY
• 3.
  Theinteraction betweentwo speciesin which onespecie,the predator,feedson the otherspecie,the prey.
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  Predator and prey relationships
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  A predator isan organism that eats another organism. The prey is the organism which the predator eats.
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  lion and zebra
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  bear and fish
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  fox and rabbit
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  Bear and berry
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  rabbit and lettuce
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  grasshopper and leaf
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  Predation, in thebroadest sense, describes interactions thathave a positive influenceon onespecies, anda negativeinfluenceon the other species.
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  whenprey are numeroustheir predators increase in numbers, reducingthe prey population, which in turn causes predator number to decline.
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  Predator-prey population dynamics
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  Predators kill prey affectspreydeathrate • prey population size depends on number of predators • withfew predators, prey population grows • withmany predators, prey population shrinks Predator-prey population dynamics are connected
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  Predators eat prey affectspredatorbirthrate • predator population size depends on number of prey • with many prey, predator population grows • with few prey, predator population shrinks Predator-prey population dynamics are connected
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  Predators kill andeat prey affectspreydeathrate  affectspredatorbirthrate • with few predators, prey population • with many prey, predator population • with many predators, prey population • with few prey, predator population Predator-prey population dynamics are connected grows grows shrinks shrinks
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  Prey numbers increase,predator numbers increase…
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  5 Types Of
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  HERBIVORES CARNIVORES INSECT PARASITOIDS PARASITES ANDDISEASE CANNIBALISM 5 TYPES OF PREDATION
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  Animals that preyon green plants, seeds or fruits
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  Typicalpredation, where oneanimal consumes another
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  Insects lay eggson or in host, and host is consumed by larvae
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  Dependon host for nutrition
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  Predator and prey arethe same species
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  TACTICS OF THE
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  Tactics of thePREDATOR camouflage
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  Hide and Wait Tactics ofthe PREDATOR
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  POISONING Tactics of thePREDATOR
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  TRAP Tactics of thePREDATOR
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  BIGGER, WILDER, FASTER Tactics of thePREDATOR
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  700 lbs &built to kill
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  200 mph
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  17,000lbs
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  RESPONSES OF THE PREY
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  RESPONSES OF THEPREY camouflage
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  There are two majortypes of camouflage: Cryptic Camouflage Disruptive Camouflage
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  When an organismconceals itselfby appearing like parts of its surrounding environment Cryptic Camouflage
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  chameleon cuttlefish octopus 3 organismsthatcan controlthe coloration CrypticCamouflage
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  When patterns orcolors are used to confuse predatorsto hide the head or tailareasof an organism Disruptive Camouflage
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  Disruptive camouflage confusespredators. Disruptive Camouflage
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  Other organisms havefake eye spots orother patterns so predators attack the wrong end
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  ESCAPE RESPONSES OF THEPREY
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  POISON RESPONSES OF THEPREY
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  Poison dart frogsare small, brightly colored rainforest frogs that have very poisonous skin. Poison dart frog
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  Poison dart frogs
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  Its skinsecretes a nervetoxinthat can paralyze a potential predator fire salamander
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  Itsbody contain toxins whichtaste terrible to potential predators. monarchbutterfly
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  ARMOR RESPONSES OF THEPREY
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  PLAY DEAD RESPONSES OF THEPREY
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  MIMICRY RESPONSES OF THEPREY
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  Mimicry is whenone species closely resembles another species to gain some advantage
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  Therearetwo types ofmimicry: Batesian Mimicry Muellerian Mimicry
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  When a speciesthatis NOT dangerous mimicsa species that IS dangerous Batesian Mimicry
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  When two dangerous speciesmimiceach other Muellerian Mimicry
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  STRENGTH IN NUMBERS RESPONSES OFTHE PREY
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  Thank you for listening!