Ecosystems
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This document defines key terms related to ecology and ecosystems. It explains that an organism is a single living thing, a population is a group of the same organism in an area, and a community is multiple interacting populations in the same place. An ecosystem is defined as a community interacting with both biotic and abiotic elements of their environment. The document also defines habitat, biodiversity, succession, biomes, climate, and provides examples of different land and water biomes.
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Chpt.2.1
Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments. It reveals the interrelationships between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) parts of the world. Key concepts in ecology include the biosphere, biotic factors, abiotic factors, levels of organization (organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere), habitats, niches, and symbiosis (commensalism, mutualism, parasitism). Ecology combines information from various sciences to understand these relationships.
Assignment
1. A biotic community describes interacting organisms living together in a habitat and comprises populations of different species in a common environment that exhibit direct or indirect relationships.
2. Characteristics of biotic communities include stratification, ecological dominance by certain species, interdependence between members, high species diversity, and varying relative abundance of species.
3. A pond community contains biotic factors like microorganisms, zooplankton, crustaceans, insects, fish, and birds, as well as abiotic factors including water depth, turbidity, salinity, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen.
8 1-components of-an_ecosystem
An ecosystem is comprised of all the living and non-living components that interact in an area. It includes biotic factors like plants, animals, fungi and bacteria, as well as abiotic factors such as temperature, water, oxygen, sunlight and soil. Organisms obtain food, shelter and other necessities from their habitat within the ecosystem. Populations of the same species interact, and multiple populations together with the abiotic environment form a biological community. Ecologists study how living things and their environment interact at different levels of organization, from organisms to populations to communities and entire ecosystems.
9. ecosystems
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Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments. It reveals the interrelationships between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) parts of the world. Key concepts in ecology include the biosphere, biotic factors, abiotic factors, levels of organization (organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere), habitats, niches, and symbiosis (commensalism, mutualism, parasitism). Ecology combines information from various sciences to understand these relationships.
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1. A biotic community describes interacting organisms living together in a habitat and comprises populations of different species in a common environment that exhibit direct or indirect relationships.
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An ecosystem is comprised of all the living and non-living components that interact in an area. It includes biotic factors like plants, animals, fungi and bacteria, as well as abiotic factors such as temperature, water, oxygen, sunlight and soil. Organisms obtain food, shelter and other necessities from their habitat within the ecosystem. Populations of the same species interact, and multiple populations together with the abiotic environment form a biological community. Ecologists study how living things and their environment interact at different levels of organization, from organisms to populations to communities and entire ecosystems.
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Introduction to Ecology (www.bioguruindia.com)
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Ecosystems
- 2. What is an organism? Organism: A single living thing A fish A dog A pine tree A bacterium A human
- 3. What is a population? A population is a group of organisms living in the same area. 10 caterpillars in my backyard 5400 deer in Oregon 17,500 people in Troutdale 1,000,000 bacteria on/in my body
- 4. What is a community? A community is a group of various populations that live in the same place and interact with one another: In a pond snails, plants, bugs, small fish, big fish, ducks and beavers all interact with each other
- 5. What is an ecosystem? A community of organisms in their physical environment. Basically it is a community interacting with each other AND the non living parts of their environment
- 6. Ecosystem Example In the pond all of the organisms (fish, bugs, ducks…) interact with the pond water, sun, oxygen, soil, rocks and other non living parts of the environment
- 7. Biosphere Allof the ecosystems together on the planet. Bio means life and sphere is a round “ball” Biosphere is the Earth
- 8. Biotic Something that is biotic is living or once was living. Tree Frog Paper A dead flower Fungus Bone
- 9. Abiotic Something that is abiotic is not living and never has been alive. Rock Concrete Oxygen Water Sun
- 10. What is a habitat? A habitat is the place where an organism lives A pond for a fish The rain forest for a monkey House for me The mountains for a mountain lion The ocean for a whale
- 11. Suppose you counted all the species in a Biodiversity pine forest and then counted all the species in a tropical rain forest. Do you think the number of specie would be the same for both? NO! The rain forest has a lot more species than the pine forest… The rain forest has greater biodiversity.
- 12. biodiversity The variety of organisms in an area is called biodiversity Abiotic factors can have a big influence on biodiversity Limited food can also have an influence on biodiversity
- 13. Biodiversity Ecosystems that have greater biodiversity are often more able to resist damage. Damage can be caused by: severe weather events (fire, flood, hurricane) or human activities (pollution, clear cutting, building cities)
- 14. Succession When a disaster happens (fire, flood, clear cutting, volcano, tornado) happens and an ecosystem is destroyed… it slowly rebuilds itself The rebuilding of an ecosystem is called succession
- 15. Biomes A biome is a large region characterized by a specific kind of climate and certain kinds of plant and animal communities
- 16. Biomes Climate average is the weather conditions in an area over a long period of time. Climate includes average temperature and average precipitation (rain)
- 17. Land Biomes Polar Ice Tundra Taiga Temperate forest Tropical forest Temperate grasslands Savanna Desert
- 18. Water Biomes Freshwater (rivers, streams, ponds, lakes) Wetlands Estuary Marine (oceans and seas) Coral reefs Open Ocean Deep Ocean