Ecological niche refers to an organism's role and position in its environment, including where it finds food and shelter and what environmental conditions it requires. An organism's niche is influenced by biotic factors like availability of food and predators as well as abiotic factors like temperature, soil nutrients, and light levels. Earthworms are an example of niche construction, as they physically and chemically modify soil in a way that allows them to survive on land. Niches can be fundamental, representing all possible resources an organism could use, or realized, reflecting the niche an organism actually occupies due to competition. The competitive exclusion principle states that two species with identical niches cannot coexist long-term. Resource partitioning allows similar species to co
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
presentation contain different type of interactions, competition-intra and inter-specific, mechanism of competition-Exploitation and Interference, Mathematical models of Competition i.e. Hutchinson Ratio, Exponential Growth, Logistic Model, Lotka-Volterra Competition Model, Tilman's Resource Model, Results of Competition i.e. Range restriction, Competitive Displacement, Competitive Exclusion , Competitive Displacement Hypothesis, Ecological Niche, Evolution of new species, Factors Affecting Competition, Case studies
you will learn about the primary and secondary productivity involved in ecosystem and about its types. it includes gross and net primary productivity also.
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
presentation contain different type of interactions, competition-intra and inter-specific, mechanism of competition-Exploitation and Interference, Mathematical models of Competition i.e. Hutchinson Ratio, Exponential Growth, Logistic Model, Lotka-Volterra Competition Model, Tilman's Resource Model, Results of Competition i.e. Range restriction, Competitive Displacement, Competitive Exclusion , Competitive Displacement Hypothesis, Ecological Niche, Evolution of new species, Factors Affecting Competition, Case studies
you will learn about the primary and secondary productivity involved in ecosystem and about its types. it includes gross and net primary productivity also.
Age structured populations, habitat and niche, niche types, diff bw fundamental and realized niche, niche width and overlap, competitive exclusion principle, resource partioning and its types, character displacement.
In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known as a biocoenosis. The term community has a variety of uses.
Introduction, measurement of uncertainty, Heisenberg microscope, challenges to Heisenberg principle, examples of Heisenberg uncertainty principle, applications of uncertainty principle
water shed management, its objectives ,factors effecting water shed management, perspective of watershed management ,organizational setup, steps in water shed management, classification of watershed, component and practices of water shed management
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3. Ecology
Two Greek words “Oikos’
meaning home, place to live;
and ‘Logos’ meaning study.
“Study of relationship of an
organism to their environment
and other organism”
4. Ecological niche
It is the role and position of
specie in environment
Niche of any specie include all
the attribute to animal
lifestyle
where it look for food ,
what it eat ,where it nest and
what condition of temperature
and moisture it require
6. Factors effecting the niche
of specie
There are two factor:
Boitic factors
Biotic factors include living
things
Food avaibility ,predators
A biotic factors
Temperature ,soil nutrients , light a
and other non-living factor
Biotic factors A biotic factors
7. Niche construction
“The process by which an organism alter its own or other specie local
environment “
Example
Earth worm physically and chemically modify the soil in which they live
only by changing the soil these primarily aquatic animal can live on land
Earthworm soil processing benefits plants specie and other boita in the
soil
8. Types of ecological niche
Fundamental niche
A niche of an organism given
that there are no limiting
factor son the environment and
resources the organism can use
Pre-competitive niche
Theoretical niche
Large in size
elaborate on various role of a
particular specie
No competition either for
resources or predator
Realized niche
A niche that is occupied by
a viable population of a
specie in the presence of
competitor specie
Post –competitive specie
Where the specie actually
live
Small in size
Elaborate on what specie
actually do
Competition occur both for
resources and predator
9.
10. Gusaes competitive exclusion
principle
The principle stated that:
“ Two species with identical niches cannot co
exist”
When two species compete ,one is more
likely to be more successful
And other specie will decrease and remove
from the environment
12. Resource partitioning
If two species are competiting for the
same resource ,they can avoid
competition by choosing different time
for feeding or different forging behavior
MacArther show five closely related
species of warblers lived on the same
tree by behavioral differences in their
foraging
13. Types of resource partition
Temporal:
Same resources but different time
Spiny mouse
Spatial:
Use of different habitat of resources
Warbler
Morphological :
Use of body shape and size
Finches
14. Importance of ecological
niche
Niches reduces competition for resources
Interspecies competition lead to evolutionary
changes
Each specie’ ecological niche include their spot
in the food chain if specie is missing from
ecosystem’ food chain Then it may cause entire
ecosystem to fail and ultimately die
Segregation of organisms into niches avoids
confusion of activities in the community and
gives a more orderly and efficient life pattern
for each species.
Segregation of different species in a particular
niche results in full exploitation of all available
resources.
15. Narrow and broad niches
Generalist specie :
Have broad niches
Live in many different areas
Eat Varity of food
Tolerate wide range of environmental condition
Specialist species:
Narrow niches
May only live in one type of habitat
Eat few type of food
Tolerate narrow range of environmental condition
16. Generalist specie
Colorado beetle
Feed on potatoes,
belladonna ,egg plant
and other plant
Live in North America
Europe ,Asia
Specialist specie
Giant panda
90 percent diet
Live only in few
mountains of china
Temprate forest at 1200-
3900m elevation
17. Difference in habitat and niche
Habitat
A habitat is a particular place
where organism e address
It is not specie specific ,many
specie can occupy the same
habitat
Habitat consist of several niches
It is superset of niche
Example
Desert , ocean,forest
Niche
A niche is a particular role played
by an organism in an ecosystem
It is specie specific ,it support only
one specie
Niche is specific to particular
specie, which may overlap with
sane niche but have distant
differences
It is subset of habitat
Example
Different tropic position occupied
by darwins finches
