The document provides an overview of metapopulations, including their definitions, dynamics, and models. It distinguishes between local populations and metapopulations, outlining the four conditions necessary for a metapopulation to exist. The significance of metapopulation in conservation biology and genetic structure is also emphasized.

1. Presented by: Glory Borah
M.Phil, Department of Botany
Gauhati University
Guided by- Dr. Hemen Deka
METAPOPULATION

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• POPULATION V/S METAPOPULATION
• METAPOPULATION
• 4 CONDITION FOR METAPOPULATION
• ITS DYNAMICS
• MODELS OF METAPOPULATION
• CONLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.  Metapopulation is known as “Population of
population”
 A metapopulation is a group of same individual
living in different places forming “patches” , but
movement of individuals from one population to
another occurs regularly.
INTRODUCTION
 The term was coined by Richard
Levins in 1969.

4. POPULATION V/S METAPOPULATION
Local Population:
 Closed population
 Group of same individuals
living in same places at a same
time
 Here the individuals are
added only through birth and
loses through death.
 Interact takes place within
the a subpopulation
Metapopulation:
 Open population
 Group of same individual
living in different places
at a same time.
 Here the individuals are
added through
immigration and loses
through emigration
 For interaction,
migration from one local
population to other
patches is possible.

5. Defination of “METAPOPULATION”
 “Any assemblages of discrete local
populations with migration among
them”---Hanski and Gilpin (1997)
 “Set of local populations within some
larger area, where typically migration
from one local population to at least
some other patches is possible”----
(Hanski and Simberloff 1997)
* Species are linked to form
metapopulation via a dynamic process of
extinction and recolonization

6. Examples on
Metapopulation…

7. Aquatic organisms in
lakes
Same species of Swallowtail
butterfly live in different
places

8. Four Conditions define a Metapopulation
(Hanski)
1.Suitable habitat only found in
discrete patches
2.All subpopulation have a risk of
extinction
3.Patches close enough to be
recolonized
4.Local populations growth
dynamics not synchronized

9. Dynamics of Metapopulation
• It is governed by two sets of processes operating
at two distinctive spatial scales.
1.Local scale
– Within patch
– Individuals move
– Population changes and regulation
– Governed by demographic processes (birth and death)
2. Regional scale
– Interaction between patches
– Governed by dispersion and colonization

10. Harrison (1991) types of spatially
dynamic population
• Classical levins metapopulation
• Mainland island metapopulation
• Patchy population
• Non equilibrium population

11. 1. Levin’s model:
 Classical model- A large network of
populations with similar dynamics
 Higher level of interaction between
the individuals within a patch than
between patches
 Equal probabilities of extinction
and recolonization
 All patches relatively small

12. 2. Mainland model
 A large population with smaller
satellite(island) populations found from the
big one(mainland)
 Large population is often treated here as a
source and the satellite population is treated as
sink
 Assumed that mainland population does not
go extinct
 Helps to understand the dynamics of Rescue
Effect
(reduction in the extinction rate as the
population on an island is recolonized from
the source)

13. 3.Patch Occupying Model
• Patches are interconnected through
migration
• Some sub populations might go extict ,
but the metapopulation persists and can
recolonize empty patches
• Clumped population, interbreeding
between patches is frequent.
• Effect of spactial structure is through
behaviours:
 Spatially explicit model
 Spatially implicit model
 Spatially realistic model

14. Spatially explicit model: Assume that local populations
interact only with nearby local populations, thus migration
is distance dependent .
Spatially implicit model: All local populations are
equally connected and have independent local dynamics
Spatially realistic model: Account for variation in size of
patches, total patch number and their spatial
arrangement. Models are often complex and rely on
detailed data.

15. 4.Non Equilibrium Model
• Independent, no migration occurs
• Long term extinction rates exceed
colonization
• Vacant patches are rarely or never
recolonized
• Not considered a functional
metapopulation
• Divergent evolution takes place
Since no interaction is there, new
species is evolve

16. intermediate Model
• Combination of two or more
model

17. conclusion
• Metapopulation helps in Conservation biology: If
a species got extinct in a metapopulation, it is
recolonixed by the other subpopulation
• Metapopulation structure imposes genetic
stucture on a population: it influence the genetic
viability, rate of evolution and what traits evolve

18. BIBLIOGRAGHY…
Smith & Smith ,Ecology
Biotecnika ,Life Science
Internet (Google,wikipedia, youtube videos)