The document discusses the cognitive perspective in psychology. It focuses on gestalt psychology, which emphasized the importance of sensory wholes and the dynamic nature of visual perception. Gestalt psychologists like Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka established principles of perception including proximity, similarity, closure, continuation, and figure/ground perception. They believed perception is organized according to the simplest form possible, in contrast to behaviorism which had an external and mechanistic focus. The cognitive perspective highlighted the importance of mental processes and products in learning.

1. COGNITIVE
PERSPECTIVE
ERLYN G. MANGADLAO
Reporter
Modul
e 9:
PSYCHOLO
GY
Unit
3.2

2. • the forefront of the cognitive
psychology.
–The foundation of the cognitive perspective
to learning.
– The external and mechanistic focus of
behaviorism.
– The mental processes and products of
perception.

4. OLD MAN OR TWO PEOPLE

5. LADY OR OLD WOMAN

6. BIRD OR LEAVES

7. HORSE OR LADY

8. OLD COUPLE OR YOUNG PEOPLE

9. Was your experience in figuring
Out the picture? WHAT
WHAT Helped you perceived the
interesting pictures?
Did you go about examining the
pictures? HOW

11. THEORY
Was the initial
cognitive
responded to
behaviorism.
Emphasized the
importance of sensory
wholes and the
dynamic nature of
visual perception.
Term gestalt
means:
“Form” or
“Configuration”

12. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS
Max Wertheimer
(1880 – 1943)
Wolfgang
Köhler
(1887 - 1967 )
Kurt Koffka
(1887 – 1941)
Kurt Lewin
(1890 – 1947)

13. Certain Factors Impact on this
perceptual process.
• Past experiences
• Needs
• Attitudes
• and One’s Present
situation
– can affect his
perception.

15. PRINCIPLES

16. PRAGNANZ

17. Law of Proximity
Elements that
are closer
together will
be perceived
as a coherent
object.

18. Law of Similarity
Elements that
look similar
will be
perceived as
part of the
same form.

21. Law of Closure
occurs when an
object is
incomplete or a
space is not
completely
enclosed.

23. Law of Continuation
occurs when the
eye is compelled to
move through one
object and
continue to
another object.

24. Law of Pragnanz
Reality is organized or reduced to the simplest
form possible.

25. Law of Figure/Ground
We pay attention
and perceive things
in the foreground
first.

27. The important aspect of learning was
not reinforcement, but the coordination of
thinking to create new organizations.
Kohler referred to this behavior as
insight or discovery learning.
Creative
thought
Gestalt
laws
Good
learning

28. Thank
you!