Gestalt psychology focuses on the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. It was developed in 1910 by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka. Some key principles of Gestalt psychology include the laws of proximity, similarity, closure, good continuation, pragnanz (good form), and figure/ground. These laws describe how humans naturally perceive and group visual elements as a whole. Gestalt psychologists also studied insight learning through Wolfgang Kohler's experiments with apes solving problems using tools.
It covers a lot of aspects of psychology like what is learning, definition of learning classical conditioning, operant conditioning, Ivon Pavlov experiment on dogs and a lot of other aspects.
This videos describes the key points of Gestalt school. The points mentioned in slides are core points. These points are important for paper point of view.
Link is given below
https://youtu.be/PDQeKtSrNq4
Inshallah after watching these complete slides you will understand Gestalt school of thought in psychology, Its thinkers, its laws, its experiments and much more... if you watch full video please follow this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IN3TjyDp3To
Its a reflective presentation on Insightful Learning Theory. The basic principles/features of gestalt school of psychology is highlighted through the explanation of the theory of insightful learning. It reveals the implication for classrooms. Perception of the whole situation, perceptual reorganization and aahaa experience are clearly mentioned by explaining the experiments with Sultan
It covers a lot of aspects of psychology like what is learning, definition of learning classical conditioning, operant conditioning, Ivon Pavlov experiment on dogs and a lot of other aspects.
This videos describes the key points of Gestalt school. The points mentioned in slides are core points. These points are important for paper point of view.
Link is given below
https://youtu.be/PDQeKtSrNq4
Inshallah after watching these complete slides you will understand Gestalt school of thought in psychology, Its thinkers, its laws, its experiments and much more... if you watch full video please follow this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IN3TjyDp3To
Its a reflective presentation on Insightful Learning Theory. The basic principles/features of gestalt school of psychology is highlighted through the explanation of the theory of insightful learning. It reveals the implication for classrooms. Perception of the whole situation, perceptual reorganization and aahaa experience are clearly mentioned by explaining the experiments with Sultan
Points:
1. Introduction and meaning of Cognitive Processes
2. Attention(Meaning and Definition)
3. Aspects of Attention
4. Perception(Meaning and Definition)
5. Phenomena Associated with Perception
6. Thinking( Definition and Core Elements of Thinking)
7. Types of Thinking
8. Learning (Meaning and Definition)
9. Processes of Learning
a. Learning by Classical Conditioning
b. Learning by Operant Conditioning
c. Learning by Assimilation and Accommodation
d. Learning by Observation
10. Conclusion
Points:
1. Introduction and meaning of Cognitive Processes
2. Attention(Meaning and Definition)
3. Aspects of Attention
4. Perception(Meaning and Definition)
5. Phenomena Associated with Perception
6. Thinking( Definition and Core Elements of Thinking)
7. Types of Thinking
8. Learning (Meaning and Definition)
9. Processes of Learning
a. Learning by Classical Conditioning
b. Learning by Operant Conditioning
c. Learning by Assimilation and Accommodation
d. Learning by Observation
10. Conclusion
A collection of learning theory vignettes. Constructivism, Behaviourism, Piaget, Neuriscience, Brain-based learning, learning styles, multiple intelligences, control theory .... A useful PDF to succintly be introduced to the different theories. Reading links are provided also.
Johnny Depp Long Hair: A Signature Look Through the Yearsgreendigital
Johnny Depp, synonymous with eclectic roles and unparalleled acting prowess. has also been a significant figure in fashion and style. Johnny Depp long hair is a distinctive trademark among the various elements that define his unique persona. This article delves into the evolution, impact. and cultural significance of Johnny Depp long hair. exploring how it has contributed to his iconic status.
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Introduction
Johnny Depp is an actor known for his chameleon-like ability to transform into a wide range of characters. from the eccentric Captain Jack Sparrow in "Pirates of the Caribbean" to the introspective Edward Scissorhands. His long hair is one constant throughout his evolving roles and public appearances. Johnny Depp long hair is not a style choice but a significant aspect of his identity. contributing to his allure and mystique. This article explores the journey and significance of Johnny Depp long hair. highlighting how it has become integral to his brand.
The Early Years: A Budding Star with Signature Locks
1980s: The Rise of a Young Heartthrob
Johnny Depp's journey in Hollywood began in the 1980s. with his breakout role in the television series "21 Jump Street." During this time, his hair was short, but it was already clear that Depp had a penchant for unique and edgy styles. By the decade's end, Depp started experimenting with longer hair. setting the stage for a lifelong signature.
1990s: From Heartthrob to Icon
The 1990s were transformative for Johnny Depp his career and personal style. Films like "Edward Scissorhands" (1990) and "Benny & Joon" (1993) saw Depp sporting various hair lengths and styles. But, his long, unkempt hair in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993) began to draw significant attention. This period marked the beginning of Johnny Depp long hair. which became a defining feature of his image.
The Iconic Roles: Hair as a Character Element
Edward Scissorhands (1990)
In "Edward Scissorhands," Johnny Depp's character had a wild and mane that complemented his ethereal and misunderstood persona. This role showcased how long hair Johnny Depp could enhance a character's depth and mystery.
Captain Jack Sparrow: The Pirate with Flowing Locks
One of Johnny Depp's iconic roles is Captain Jack Sparrow from the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series. Sparrow's long, dreadlocked hair symbolised his rebellious and unpredictable nature. The character's look, complete with beads and trinkets woven into his hair. was a collaboration between Depp and the film's costume designers. This style became iconic and influenced fashion trends and Halloween costumes worldwide.
Other Memorable Characters
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Off-Screen Influenc
Have you ever wondered about the lost city of Atlantis and its profound connection to our modern world? Ruth Elisabeth Hancock’s podcast, “Visions of Atlantis,” delves deep into this intriguing topic in a captivating conversation with Michael Le Flem, author of the enlightening book titled “Visions of Atlantis.” This podcast episode offers a thought-provoking blend of historical inquiry, esoteric wisdom, and contemporary reflections. Let’s embark on a journey of discovery as we unpack the mysteries of ancient civilizations and their relevance to our present existence.
Is your favorite ring slipping and sliding on your finger? You're not alone. Must Read this Guide on What To Do If Your Ring Is Too Big as shared by the experts of Andrews Jewelers.
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From Stress to Success How Oakland's Corporate Wellness Programs are Cultivat...Kitchen on Fire
Discover how Oakland's innovative corporate wellness initiatives are transforming workplace culture, nurturing the well-being of employees, and fostering a thriving environment. From comprehensive mental health support to flexible work arrangements and holistic wellness workshops, these programs are empowering individuals to navigate stress effectively, leading to increased productivity, satisfaction, and overall success.
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La transidentité, un sujet qui fractionne les FrançaisIpsos France
Ipsos, l’une des principales sociétés mondiales d’études de marché dévoile les résultats de son étude Ipsos Global Advisor “Pride 2024”. De ses débuts aux Etats-Unis et désormais dans de très nombreux pays, le mois de juin est traditionnellement consacré aux « Marches des Fiertés » et à des événements festifs autour du concept de Pride. A cette occasion, Ipsos a réalisé une enquête dans vingt-six pays dressant plusieurs constats. Les clivages des opinions entre générations s’accentuent tandis que le soutien à des mesures sociétales et d’inclusion en faveur des LGBT+ notamment transgenres continue de s’effriter.
2. Gestalt psychology
• Gestalt is a German word that means “shape”,
“form”, or “whole”.
• Gestalt is a psychology term which means
"unified whole".
• It was developed about 1910by Max Wertheimer
and carry on by Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Koffka
at Frankfurt University.
• Max Wertheimer – developed Gestalt principles
• Kurt Koffka – developed laws of perception
• Wolfgang Kohler – worked with apes on insight
3. Gestalt psychology
Gestalt focuses on the belief that human
consciousness cannot be broken down
into its elements.
Gestaltists pointed out that perception
has meaning only when it is seen as a
whole
Perceptions are shaped by our thoughts
4. Perceptual process
learners do not just collect information as
is but they actively process and
restructure data in order to understand it.
This is the Perceptual Process
Certain factors impact on this
perceptual process.
Factors like past experiences, needs,
attitudes and one’s present situation can
affect his perception
5. Gestalt Principles
• They believed learning is the result from
good perception, which enable an
individual to form correct concept in their
mind. Later on they proposed the
principles or law for perceptual
organization
1. Law of Proximity
2. Law of Similarity
3. Law of Closure
4. Law of Good Continuation
5. Law of Good form or Pragnanz
6. Law of Figure/Ground
7. Law of Proximity
Proximity means nearness in space,
time, or relationship
The law of proximity states that when
objects appear close to one another they
tend to be perceived as a group .Things,
which are close together in space or
time, tend to be perceived as grouped
together
Thus, if you want to perceive two ideas
as associated, present them in close
proximity.
8. • In the Food mobile logo we can see a
group of single objects, representing
types of food (bread, fish, vegetables are
clearly recognizable) which, grouped for
proximity, create a car shape
11. Law of Similarity
• The law of similarity captures the idea that
when we look at objects that are similar to
each other, we tend to group them together.
Our brains quickly identify patterns faster
than the separate parts of the pattern.
1. The way we group things together based on
similar aspects (look, sound, texture, taste,
etc.)
2. We group things that are alike.
3. We tend to group similar shapes together
and often times, we try to attach some
type of meaning to them
13. Law of Closure
The law of closure captures the idea that
when we see incomplete elements in a
visual, our brains tend to fill in the gaps
and see it as a whole.
For example When an object is not
complete, but there is still enough
information for the shape to be indicated,
the brain will complete the missing info.
The brain does this in order to increase
consistency
14. Law of Good Continuation
• Continuation occurs in the example
below, because the viewer's eye will
naturally follow a line or curve. The
smooth flowing crossbar of the "H" leads
the leaf directly
15. Law of Good Continuation
• Continuity: To
maintain order, the
brain will carry on
any visual patterns .
Also, continuation
happens when the
viewer’s eye moves
(whether smoothly or
disjointedly) through
an object into
another
16. Law of Good Continuation
• When you see a figure
like this, you are much
more likely to see it as
consisting of two lines
(1a)rather than of the
two shapes(1b).
• This is the Gestalt
principle of continuity
which saw a single
unbroken line is likely
to be seen as an
entity.
18. Law of Good form or Pragnanz
• The word pragnanz is a German term meaning
"good figure." The law of Pragnanz is sometimes
referred to as the law of good figure or the law of
simplicity, which says that we tend to order our
experience in a manner that, is regular, orderly,
symmetric, and simple our perceptions are
influenced by our past experiences. This principle
is also called Pragnanz Law. (Tan Oon Seng et
al., 2003).
• This law holds that objects in the environment are
seen in a way that makes them appear as simple
as possible
21. Law of Figure/Ground
• Figure–ground organization is a type of
perceptual grouping which is a vital
necessity for recognizing objects through
vision.
• This law explains that the source of a
message determines one’s perception.
• The concept of figure-ground perception
is often illustrated with the classic "faces
or vases" illusion, also known as the
Rubin vase.
22. Law of Figure/Ground
• we see the two forms
of equal importance.
The problem here is
a confusion of figure
and ground.
Young Lady or Old Lady? (From Spooncer,
1992 p.35)
23. Insight Learning
• Wolfgang kohler was the first
psychologist who developed the insight
learning in which he described an
experiment with apes that could use
boxes and sticks as tools to solve the
problem
24. Insight Learning
• In his experiment, Kohler hung a piece of
fruit just out of the reach of each chimp. He
then provided the chimps with either two
sticks or three boxes, then waited and
watched. Kohler noticed that after the
chimps realized they could not simply reach
or jump up to retrieve the fruit, they stopped
and thought about how they might solve the
problem. Then after a few moments, the
chimps stood up and proceeded to solve the
problem
25. Insight Learning
• In the first scenario, the
problem was solved by
placing the smaller
stick into the longer
stick to create one
very long stick which
could be used to
knock the hanging fruit
down
26. Insight Learning
• In the second scenario,
the chimps would solve
the problem by stacking
the boxes on top of
each other, which
allowed them to climb to
the top of the stack of
boxes and reach the
fruit.
27. Insight Learning
• Insight learning is the abrupt realization
of a problem's solution. Insight learning is
not the result of trial and error It is a
completely cognitive experience, which
requires the ability to visualize the problem
and the solution internally, in the mind,
before giving a behavioral response.
• The important aspect of learning was
not reinforcement, but the coordination
of thinking to create new organizations.
Kohler referred to this behavior as
insight or discovery learning.
28. Implications of the Gestalt principles
in the teaching and learning process
1. Law of Proximity
Related concepts or lessons
should be taught aligned or closely
to each other.
This is the reason why subtraction is
taught after addition, multiplication after
subtraction then division after
multiplication
29. 2. Law of Similarity
• Similar lessons or contents should be grouped
together to make learners develop Understanding
more efficiently and effectively.
• This is the reason why lessons are Grouped into
units: Unit I is for human body, Unit II is for
energy and motion, So on and so forth.
30. 3. Law of Closure
When a concept or topic is incomplete thus
isn't "closed", incomplete information May
make
learners want to discover what’s missing,
rather
than concentrating onThe given instruction.
If students find a math algorithm confusing
because a certain Question is left
unanswered or a step isn't clear, they will
tend to concentrate on That confused part of
the process rather than the total process as
a whole. This is why students get
"lost". Thus, make the lesson complete.
Present it clearly, Simply and always be
ready for students' clarifications.
31. 4. Law of Good
Continuation
Lessons should be presented in such a
way that learners will see these as
connected
an
d continuous.
Now you know why we have the "review"
part
of the lesson plan. This way, students will
realize that their new lesson actually has
continuity and isrelated to what they
32. 5. Law of
Pragnanz
Pragnanz states that when things are
grasped as wholes, the minimal amount
of energy is exerted in thinking. In short,
make your lesson holistic, complete and
most of all simple.
33. 6. Law of
Figure/Ground
• For a figure to be perceived, it must stand out from
the background.
•Emphasis should be done on important aspects of
the lesson. For example, teachers should vary the
tone of their voice or write boldly or underline the
important key words of the lesson.