Brain physiology-1-

11. = ANT-MED (limbic) = ANT-LAT (EPS) = POST (sensory) = NON-SPECIFIC (relay)

14. = ANT-MED (limbic ) = ANT-LAT (EPS) = POST (sensory) = NON-SPECIFIC (relay) VA/VL (GP+SN) Ant+MD (Papez) VPL (sensory--body) VPM (sensory--head) LGN (vision) MGN (hearing) Pulvinar (visual sensory association) Intralaminar CM (very diffuse to cerebral ctx, ends in layer I for cortical excitability) Reticular (GABA- to thal)

15. Mamillary bodies Cingulate gyrus Prefrontal ctx

16. Area 6 Area 4 GP, SN (EPS) Area 4 + EPS GP, SN, cerebellum (EPS + dentatothalamic tract)

17. Areas 3,1,2 Sensory--body Sensory--face Vision Hearing Area 17 Areas 41,42 Integration of somesthetic, visual, & auditory Areas 18,19

32. Suprachiasmatic nuc (direct retinal input, circadian rhythms ) Preoptic area (Medial Preoptic Nuc) (sexually dimorphic, regulates Gonadotropic hormones) Ant Hypothal Nuc (dissipates heat, parasympathetic) Lat Nuc (appetite center, stim. induces eating, destruction causes starvation) Ventromedial Nuc (satiety center, stops eating) Dorsomedial Nuc (stim causes obesity & savage behavior) PVN & SON (produce oxytocin & ADH/vasopression H,) contain SUPRAOPTICO-HYPOPHYSIAL TRACT –and- Magno cellular Neuron Post Hypothal Nuc (conserves heat, sympathetic) P arvocellular PVN supraoptic nucleus SON

41. HUNGER LACK OF FOOD REDUCED AVAILABILITY OF GLUCOSE CONTRACTIONS OF EMPTY STOMACH LOW TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN FAT CELLS GLUCOSE RECEPTORS IN HYPOTHALAMUS (Satiety center) MECHANO- RECEPTORS IN STOMACH PANCREAS HUNGER LONG TERM SHORT TERM

43. THIRST WATER DEFICIENCY OSMORECEPTORS IN SUPRAOPTIC AND SUPRA- VENTRICULAR NUCLEI OF HYPOTHALAMUS THIRST ADH SERETION BY PITUITARY WATER RETENTION BY KIDNEY