The document defines key concepts in chemistry including physical and chemical properties of matter, types of mixtures and solutions, separation techniques like chromatography, and characteristics of pure substances and impure mixtures. It provides examples to illustrate concepts like homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, emulsions and suspensions, and explains processes like distillation and melting point determination that are used to separate or identify unknown substances.

2. Anything that has mass and
occupies space

3. Chemical Physical
Relating to how
chemicals react
with each other
Properties we
can observe
with our senses

4. 1) Strength
Ability to withstand great load
2) Thermal Conductivity
Ability to conduct heat
3) Electrical Conductivity
Ability to conduct electricity

5. 4) Brittleness
How easily it breaks
5) Malleability
Ability to be made into sheets
6) Ductility
Ability to be made into wire

6. 7) Elasticity
How easily it can be stretched
8) Density
Mass per unit volume

7. 9) Melting and Boiling point
Temperature where substance
melt and boil
10) Magnetic
Whether it attracts
ferromagnetic substances

8. A combination of two or more
pure substances that are not
chemically bonded together

9. 1) Substances can be mixed in any
relationship
2) Substances keep their separate
properties
3) Substances can be separated
mechanically

10. Homogeneous Heterogeneous
 Uniform
composition
 Substances
aren’t easily
differentiated
 Non-uniform
composition
 Substances are
easily
differentiated

11. Saltwater
 Solutions
 Substances are in the
same phase
 Differentiation between
particles cannot be
done using the senses

12. Sand and water
 Substances are
probably not in the
same phase
 Differentiation between
particles can be done
using the senses

13. Oil and water
Multiple
liquid phases

14. Emulsions Suspensions

15. Compounds Elements
Two or more
DIFFERENT
elements
chemically
bonded together
Cannot be divided
into simpler
substances
Molecules of multiple
atoms of the same element
are NOT compounds

17. Atoms of
an element
Molecules of
an element

18. Molecules of
a compound
Mixture

19. A
B
C

20. D
E
F

21. A method of separating a
mixture by carrying it in a
solution (or gas stream)
across an absorbent material.

22.  Based on the principle
that different substances
dissolve at different rates
 Used to separate
mixtures
 Used to identify
unknown components

23. Stationary
Phase
Mobile
Phase
Analyte
Sample
Control
Samples
Chromatogram

24. 1. Cut the filter paper so it does not touch
the sides of container
2. Draw a thin pencil line 1 cm from the
bottom
3. Transfer samples onto the filter paper on
top of the pencil line and mark clearly
4. Keep the samples at least 1 cm apart

25. 5. Fill a glass beaker up to about 1 cm with
a solvent
6. Attach the filter paper to a pencil and
immerse in solvent, so that liquid level
does not reach pencil line.
7. Compare analyte to controls for
identification of components, etc.

26. 1. Stationary phase absorbs the liquid
Liquid travels upwards
2. Liquid reaches samples
Samples dissolve and travel upwards
with liquid
3. Components are retained by stationary
phase to different extents
Separation

27.  Pure substances have
unique boiling points
 Impurities raises the
boiling point
 Substances now boil over
a range of temperatures
depending on their
concentration

28.  Pure substances have
unique melting points
 Impurities lowers the
melting point
 Substances now melt
over a range of
temperatures depending
on their concentration