This document discusses the classification of matter. It defines pure substances as substances with constant composition and properties, including elements and compounds. Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down, while compounds contain two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures contain two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means. Mixtures include homogeneous solutions and heterogeneous mixtures. Homogeneous solutions appear uniform while heterogeneous mixtures contain identifiable components in two or more phases.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

2. CLASSIFICATION OF MATTERCLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

3. PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCES
pure substance = a substance that has
constant composition and properties
(contains only one kind of particle)

4. ELEMENTSELEMENTS
element = a pure substance that cannot
be broken down by ordinary means.

5. eg) Any example from the periodic table

6. COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
compound = a pure substance
that contains two or more
different elements in a fixed
proportion. The elements are
chemically bonded.

7. COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS
H2O NaCl C12H22O11

8. ATOMSATOMS
atom = a particle in an element and the
smallest unit of an element

9. MOLECULESMOLECULES
molecule = the combination of two or
more atoms

10. MOLECULESMOLECULES

11. MIXTURESMIXTURES
mixture = a substance that contains two or
more different pure substances that are
NOT chemically combined

12. MIXTURESMIXTURES
Components can be separated by physical
means (e.g. filtration, evaporation, distillation)

13. HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTIONHOMOGENEOUS SOLUTION
homogeneous solution = a mixture that has
“uniform” composition - i.e. one phase. The
components within the solution are not
identifiable with the eye.

14. SOLUTESOLUTE
solute = the particle that is present in smaller
proportions. The dissolved particle.

15. SOLVENTSOLVENT
solvent = the particle in
larger proportion. The
substance in which the
solute is dissolved.

16. ALLOYALLOY
alloy = a homogeneous mixture of one or
more metals
sterling silver steel
bronzesilver + copper iron + carbon
copper + tin + zinc

17. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTUREHETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
heterogeneous mechanical mixture
= a substance in which the different
components are identifiable. Has two
or more phases.

18. MECHANICAL MIXTUREMECHANICAL MIXTURE
ordinary mechanical mixture = a substance in
which the particles are not uniformly scattered

19. SUSPENSIONSUSPENSION
suspension = suspended particles can be seen
with the unaided eye. If left undisturbed, gravity
will cause the particles to separate.

20. COLLOIDCOLLOID
colloid = suspended
particles cannot be seen
with the unaided eye.
Gravity will not cause them
to separate (they appear to
be homogeneous)

21. EMULSIONEMULSION
emulsion = a suspension
of liquids where separation
of particles is prevented
through the use of an
emulsifying agent. An
emulsion is a type of
colloid (liquid/solid or
liquid/liquid)

22. TYNDALL EFFECTTYNDALL EFFECT
tyndall effect = the scattering of a beam of
light caused by particles in a colloid. Allows
homogeneous solutions and colloids to be
distinguished.

23. References and Practice
Questions
Nelson Textbook Page 175-177
w/b 20/21/22