Projektielbeweging
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Projektiel beweging, vryval, gravitasie versnelling, bewegingsvergelykings
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Basics
This document describes a method for simplifying numbers by moving the decimal point and multiplying by powers of ten. It explains that for numbers smaller than one, the decimal point moves to the right and the power is negative. For numbers larger than one, the decimal point moves to the left and the power is positive. It then provides examples of converting numbers between standard and scientific notation.
Magnetism e
The document discusses the earth's magnetic field and how it protects the planet. It describes how the earth's magnetic field deflects charged particles from the sun's wind away from earth, protecting life and infrastructure. These particles enter the magnetic field at the poles, where the field is strongest, and collide with gas molecules, ionizing them and causing them to emit light in the form of the auroras.
Introduction to Electrostatics
This document discusses how objects become charged by gaining or losing electrons, and defines positive and negative charges. It explains that like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Methods for charging objects include friction, touch, and induction. The key rules are that charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred, and that when two charged objects touch, their total charge is distributed equally between them. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the new charges and number of electrons transferred when two charged spheres touch.
Atom e
This document provides information about the structure of atoms including:
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- Atoms can gain or lose electrons to become ions with a positive or negative charge.
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Periodic table e
This document discusses the development of the periodic table and periodic trends. It explains that early scientists like Aristotle proposed that matter is made of earth, water, air and fire. [It then summarizes key contributors like] Dmitri Mendeleev who published the first recognizable periodic table and organized elements by atomic mass, noticing that elements with similar properties recur at regular intervals. The document also discusses how the periodic table is arranged based on the atomic structure of elements and how properties vary periodically based on proton number and the filling of electron shells.
Current electricity
1) The document describes electrical circuits and their components, including batteries, resistors, switches, and how voltage, current, and resistance are related.
2) Key concepts covered include series and parallel circuits, and how voltage and current are distributed in each. Formulas for calculating total resistance, voltage, and current are also provided.
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States of matter e
This document discusses the key concepts of melting point, boiling point, phase changes, and the particle model of matter. It defines melting point as the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid, and boiling point as the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. It also discusses how particle kinetic energy and intermolecular forces relate to phase changes, and how the states of matter differ in terms of particle arrangement and motion.
Recommended
Basics
This document describes a method for simplifying numbers by moving the decimal point and multiplying by powers of ten. It explains that for numbers smaller than one, the decimal point moves to the right and the power is negative. For numbers larger than one, the decimal point moves to the left and the power is positive. It then provides examples of converting numbers between standard and scientific notation.
Magnetism e
The document discusses the earth's magnetic field and how it protects the planet. It describes how the earth's magnetic field deflects charged particles from the sun's wind away from earth, protecting life and infrastructure. These particles enter the magnetic field at the poles, where the field is strongest, and collide with gas molecules, ionizing them and causing them to emit light in the form of the auroras.
Introduction to Electrostatics
This document discusses how objects become charged by gaining or losing electrons, and defines positive and negative charges. It explains that like charges repel and opposite charges attract. Methods for charging objects include friction, touch, and induction. The key rules are that charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred, and that when two charged objects touch, their total charge is distributed equally between them. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the new charges and number of electrons transferred when two charged spheres touch.
Atom e
This document provides information about the structure of atoms including:
- The basic subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Atoms can gain or lose electrons to become ions with a positive or negative charge.
- Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Electrons occupy different energy levels in an atom according to specific rules. Atoms seek to fill their outer electron shells in order to achieve a stable noble gas configuration.
Periodic table e
This document discusses the development of the periodic table and periodic trends. It explains that early scientists like Aristotle proposed that matter is made of earth, water, air and fire. [It then summarizes key contributors like] Dmitri Mendeleev who published the first recognizable periodic table and organized elements by atomic mass, noticing that elements with similar properties recur at regular intervals. The document also discusses how the periodic table is arranged based on the atomic structure of elements and how properties vary periodically based on proton number and the filling of electron shells.
Current electricity
1) The document describes electrical circuits and their components, including batteries, resistors, switches, and how voltage, current, and resistance are related.
2) Key concepts covered include series and parallel circuits, and how voltage and current are distributed in each. Formulas for calculating total resistance, voltage, and current are also provided.
3) Examples problems are given to demonstrate calculating various circuit values for series, parallel and combination circuits.
States of matter e
This document discusses the key concepts of melting point, boiling point, phase changes, and the particle model of matter. It defines melting point as the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid, and boiling point as the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. It also discusses how particle kinetic energy and intermolecular forces relate to phase changes, and how the states of matter differ in terms of particle arrangement and motion.
Properties of matter e
This document discusses the properties and classifications of metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, can be molded, and have high melting points. Non-metals are poor conductors, brittle, and have low melting points. Metalloids have properties in between metals and non-metals, and their conductivity increases with temperature. The document also covers magnetic, thermal, and electrical properties and applications of different materials.
Projektielbeweging e
1) Gravitational acceleration is the acceleration experienced by objects due to gravity in the absence of other forces like air resistance. On Earth, gravitational acceleration is approximately 9.8 m/s2 directed downward.
2) Formulas are provided for gravitational acceleration based on Newton's law of universal gravitation, as well as kinematic equations of motion involving displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time.
3) Several example problems are worked through applying the kinematic equations to situations like objects being dropped, thrown upwards, or moving upwards/downwards together to calculate values like time, velocity, displacement, and maximum height reached.
Momentum e
If a net force acts on an object, it will accelerate in the direction of the force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass. An object at rest or moving at constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts on it. If object A exerts a force on object B, B will exert an equal and opposite force on A.
Doppler effect e
The document discusses decreasing frequency. It suggests that as technology advances, the rate at which new products are developed accelerates. While this rapid pace of innovation benefits consumers with frequent access to new options, it may also contribute to increased electronic waste and shorter lifespans for devices. Managing expectations around how long products are designed to last could help address environmental and economic impacts of decreasing frequency.
Vektore 11 e
Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction, while scalar quantities only have magnitude. Examples of vectors include force, velocity, and displacement, while scalars include speed, distance, and mass. Vectors can be added using trigonometry and the parallelogram law to find the resultant vector, which represents the combined effect of all the individual vectors. Documents provide examples of calculating the magnitude and direction of resultant forces and displacements by resolving and drawing vectors to scale.
Kragte 11 e
- A force is a push or pull on an object due to its interaction with other objects. Common forces include gravity, normal force, tension, friction, electromagnetic force, and contact force.
- Forces are represented by arrows, with the length proportional to the magnitude. Forces can be added vectorially to find the net/resultant force. If the net force is nonzero, the object will accelerate. If it's zero, the object will maintain a constant velocity or remain at rest.
- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The forces due to interactions between two objects are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Chemical nomenclature e
This document provides information on naming and writing formulas for ionic compounds:
- Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained or lost electrons, giving them a positive or negative charge. Common ions and their charges should be memorized.
- Prefixes indicate the number of atoms in polyatomic ions or in compound names.
- To name ionic compounds, the cation (positively charged ion) is named first followed by the anion (negatively charged ion). Transition metals use Stock notation to indicate charge.
- To write formulas, the charges of ions are used to balance the total charge of the compound to be neutral, choosing ions that satisfy the smallest whole number ratio.
Classification of matter e
The document defines key concepts in chemistry including physical and chemical properties of matter, types of mixtures and solutions, separation techniques like chromatography, and characteristics of pure substances and impure mixtures. It provides examples to illustrate concepts like homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, emulsions and suspensions, and explains processes like distillation and melting point determination that are used to separate or identify unknown substances.
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Properties of matter e
This document discusses the properties and classifications of metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, can be molded, and have high melting points. Non-metals are poor conductors, brittle, and have low melting points. Metalloids have properties in between metals and non-metals, and their conductivity increases with temperature. The document also covers magnetic, thermal, and electrical properties and applications of different materials.
Projektielbeweging e
1) Gravitational acceleration is the acceleration experienced by objects due to gravity in the absence of other forces like air resistance. On Earth, gravitational acceleration is approximately 9.8 m/s2 directed downward.
2) Formulas are provided for gravitational acceleration based on Newton's law of universal gravitation, as well as kinematic equations of motion involving displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time.
3) Several example problems are worked through applying the kinematic equations to situations like objects being dropped, thrown upwards, or moving upwards/downwards together to calculate values like time, velocity, displacement, and maximum height reached.
Momentum e
If a net force acts on an object, it will accelerate in the direction of the force. The acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass. An object at rest or moving at constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts on it. If object A exerts a force on object B, B will exert an equal and opposite force on A.
Doppler effect e
The document discusses decreasing frequency. It suggests that as technology advances, the rate at which new products are developed accelerates. While this rapid pace of innovation benefits consumers with frequent access to new options, it may also contribute to increased electronic waste and shorter lifespans for devices. Managing expectations around how long products are designed to last could help address environmental and economic impacts of decreasing frequency.
Vektore 11 e
Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction, while scalar quantities only have magnitude. Examples of vectors include force, velocity, and displacement, while scalars include speed, distance, and mass. Vectors can be added using trigonometry and the parallelogram law to find the resultant vector, which represents the combined effect of all the individual vectors. Documents provide examples of calculating the magnitude and direction of resultant forces and displacements by resolving and drawing vectors to scale.
Kragte 11 e
- A force is a push or pull on an object due to its interaction with other objects. Common forces include gravity, normal force, tension, friction, electromagnetic force, and contact force.
- Forces are represented by arrows, with the length proportional to the magnitude. Forces can be added vectorially to find the net/resultant force. If the net force is nonzero, the object will accelerate. If it's zero, the object will maintain a constant velocity or remain at rest.
- For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The forces due to interactions between two objects are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Chemical nomenclature e
This document provides information on naming and writing formulas for ionic compounds:
- Ions are atoms or groups of atoms that have gained or lost electrons, giving them a positive or negative charge. Common ions and their charges should be memorized.
- Prefixes indicate the number of atoms in polyatomic ions or in compound names.
- To name ionic compounds, the cation (positively charged ion) is named first followed by the anion (negatively charged ion). Transition metals use Stock notation to indicate charge.
- To write formulas, the charges of ions are used to balance the total charge of the compound to be neutral, choosing ions that satisfy the smallest whole number ratio.
Classification of matter e
The document defines key concepts in chemistry including physical and chemical properties of matter, types of mixtures and solutions, separation techniques like chromatography, and characteristics of pure substances and impure mixtures. It provides examples to illustrate concepts like homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, emulsions and suspensions, and explains processes like distillation and melting point determination that are used to separate or identify unknown substances.