This document provides a classification of joints based on their structure and function. It first defines joints as the junction between two or more bones. Structurally, there are three main types of joints: fibrous joints like sutures, cartilaginous joints which are either primary or secondary, and synovial joints which include ball-and-socket, hinge, and others. Functionally, joints are classified as synarthrosis (fixed), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), or diarthrosis (freely movable synovial joints). The document also provides regional and complexity-based classifications of joints.
Slideshow: Cubital Fossa
The Funky Professor videos can be viewed here;
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?doi=10.1308%2Fvideo.2016.1.10&videoTaxonomy=FUNK
Classification and Applied Aspects of JointsMathew Joseph
The structural classification divides joints into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints depending on the material composing the joint and the presence or absence of a cavity in the joint. The functional classification divides joints into three categories: synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses
Bones of lower limb (Human Anatomy)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
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Slideshow: Cubital Fossa
The Funky Professor videos can be viewed here;
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?doi=10.1308%2Fvideo.2016.1.10&videoTaxonomy=FUNK
Classification and Applied Aspects of JointsMathew Joseph
The structural classification divides joints into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints depending on the material composing the joint and the presence or absence of a cavity in the joint. The functional classification divides joints into three categories: synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses
Bones of lower limb (Human Anatomy)
by DR RAI M. AMMAR
www.facebook.com/drraiammar
www.twitter.com/drraiammar
www.instagram.com/drraiammar
www.linkedin.com/in/drraiammar
www.themedicall.com/blog/auther/drraiammar/
For Any Book or Notes Visit Our Website:
www.allmedicaldata.wordpress.com
www.drraiammar.blogspot.com
YOUTUBE CHANNEL :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu-oR9V3OdFNTJW5yqXWXxA
ANY QUESTION ??
Get in touch with us at Any of the Above Social Media or Email at
drraiammar@gmail.com
allmedicaldata@gmail.com
synovial joint, definition of synovial joint, diarthrodial joints, components of synovial joint, types of synovial joints, hinge joint with examples, pivot joint with examples, condyloid joint with examples, saddle joint with examples, ball and socket joint with examples, gliding joint with examples, features of synovial joint, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, components of synovial membrane, meniscus, true and accessory ligament of synovial joint, bursae, blood supply of synovial joint, innervation of synovial joint
elbow joint , type of joint, articular surface of elbow joint, joint capsule of elbow joint, articulating bones of elbow joint, cubital articulation, ligaments of the elbow joint, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, relation of elbow joint, action of elbow joint, blood supply and nerve supply of elbow joint, dislocation of elbow joint, carrying angle, cubital varus, cubital vulgus, subluxation of head of radius, tennis elbow, students or minors elbow,
BONE – AN INTRODUCTION
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
There are around 270 to 300+ bones in Infants which gets reduced to 206 bones in adults.
Bones are dynamic structures that are undergoing constant change and remodelling in
response to the ever-changing environment.
Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells,
store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.
It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.
The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in
the middle ear.
synovial joint, definition of synovial joint, diarthrodial joints, components of synovial joint, types of synovial joints, hinge joint with examples, pivot joint with examples, condyloid joint with examples, saddle joint with examples, ball and socket joint with examples, gliding joint with examples, features of synovial joint, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, components of synovial membrane, meniscus, true and accessory ligament of synovial joint, bursae, blood supply of synovial joint, innervation of synovial joint
elbow joint , type of joint, articular surface of elbow joint, joint capsule of elbow joint, articulating bones of elbow joint, cubital articulation, ligaments of the elbow joint, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, relation of elbow joint, action of elbow joint, blood supply and nerve supply of elbow joint, dislocation of elbow joint, carrying angle, cubital varus, cubital vulgus, subluxation of head of radius, tennis elbow, students or minors elbow,
BONE – AN INTRODUCTION
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
There are around 270 to 300+ bones in Infants which gets reduced to 206 bones in adults.
Bones are dynamic structures that are undergoing constant change and remodelling in
response to the ever-changing environment.
Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells,
store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.
It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.
The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in
the middle ear.
A joint is the site at which any two or more bones articulate or come together, meaning the ends or edges of the bones are held together by connective tissues.
It may allow flexibility and movement of the skeleton.
With the exception of the Hyoid bone, every bone in the body is connected to or form joints.
There are total 230 joints in the body.
Structural Classification of joints:
FIBROUS JOINT/ FIXED JOINT
CARTILAGENOUS JOINTS
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility found between the adjacent bones.
Joints are thus functionally classified as a
Synarthrosis or immobile joint,
Amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint,
Diarthrosis, which is a freely moveable joint
Joint, types of joint By M Thiru murugan.pptxthiru murugan
Joints and Types of Joints
By, M. Thiru murugan
Joint:
A joint or articulation is the connection between bones in the body which link the skeletal system.
Most joints are mobile, allowing the bones to move
Types: 3 types
Fibrous joint - immovable joint (synarthrosis),
Cartilaginous joint - slightly moveable joint (amphiarthrosis)
Synovial joint - freely movable (diarthrosis )
1. Fibrous joint:
Immovable joints, also known as synarthrosis
Theses are fixed & because they do not move.
Fibrous joints have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue.
The skull bones are connected by fibrous joints called sutures. Example: sutures of the skull
2. Cartilaginous joint:
Slightly moveable joint, also known as amphiarthrosis
Cartilaginous joints are a type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
These joints generally allow for slight movements
Example: intervertebral joints
3. Synovial joint:
Freely movable joints, also known as diarthrosis & Bones separated by synovial cavity
A synovial joint is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled joint cavity contained within a fibrous capsule.
It is the most common type of joint found in the human body
The 3 main features: (i) articular capsule, (ii) articular cartilage, (iii) synovial fluid.
i) Articular capsule: It surrounds the joint and is continuous with the Periosteum
It consists of 2 layers:
Fibrous layer (outer) - It holds together the connecting bones
Synovial layer (inner) - It absorbs and secretes synovial fluid, and is responsible for the nutrient exchange between blood and joint. Also known as the synovium.
Types of synovial joints:
Pivot joint
Hinge joints
Saddle joint
Plane joints
Condyloid joint
The ball & socket joint
A) Pivot joint:
Pivot joint, also called rotary joint, or trochoid joint, that allows only rotary movement around a single axis.
The moving bone rotates within a ring that is formed from a second bone and adjoining ligament.
Ex: joint between the atlas and the axis (first and second cervical vertebrae), directly under the skull, which allows for turning of the head from side to side. Pivot joints also provide for the twisting movement of the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) against the upper arm,
B) Hinge joints:
It serves to allow motion primarily in one plane.
The hinge joint is made up of two or more bones with articular surfaces that are covered by hyaline cartilage and lubricated by synovial fluid.
Stabilization of each hinge joint is by muscles, ligaments, & other connective tissues, such as the joint capsule.
The hinge joints of the body include the elbow, knee, interphalangeal (IP) joints of the hand and foot and the tibiotalar (ankle) joint of the ankle.
C) Saddle joint:
The saddle joint gets its name because the bone forming one part of the joint is concave (turned inward) at one end and looks like a saddle.
The other bone’s end is convex (turned outward), and
In this presentation, detail theoretical description about joints are omitted. Using figure briefly discuss about joint is given with correlation of radiology. This presentation gives basic knowledge about joint . Try to make easy for beginners.
summary of joint classification which made it easy to understand for m.b,b.s ,postgraduate student of anatomy,orthopedics,neurosurgery ,b.p.t and m.p.t.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
1. CLASSIFICATION
OF JOINTS
D R . K R U PA R A I T H AT H A
A S S I S T A N T P R O F E S S O R ,
S C H O O L O F P H Y S I O T H E R A P Y , R K U N I V E R S I T Y .
R A J K O T , G U J R A T , I N D I A .
7. 1 . S U T U R E
• Only in skull.
• Sutural side-
osteogenic.
• Area between bone
decreases with age.it
synostose and
obliterated.
• According to Shape of
bony margin:
1. Plane
2. Serrate
3. Squamous
4. Denticulate
8. C O N T…
S U T U R E
“frontanelles”
Allows brain to
increase in size.
Anterior frontanelle-
used to check
hydration of infants.
Becomes bones by
18 months.
9. 2 . S Y N D E S M O S I S
Fibrous union
between bones.
10. 3 . G O M P H O S I S
Peg and socket
junction between
tooth and its socket.
Peridontal ligament
connects dental
element to alveolar
bone.
12. 1 . P R I M A R Y
C A R T I L AG I N O U S
J O I N T
Temporary
Synostosis
Immovable and
strong
13. 2 . S E CO N DA R Y
C A R T I L AG I N O U S
J O I N T
Permanent
ROM depends on
size of fibrocartilage.
14. SYNOVIAL JOINT
• Ball and socket
• Saddle/sellar
• Condylar
• Ellipsoid
• Hinge
• Pivot
• plane
15. 1 . P L A N E
Articular surfaces are
more or less flat.
Permits gliding
movements.
16. 2 . H I N G E
Articular surfaces are
pulley shaped.
One plane –
transeverse axis
Strong collateral
ligaments
17. 3 . P I V OT ( T R O C H O I D )
Articular surfaces
comprise central
bony pivot(peg),
surrounded by
osteoligamentous
rings.
One plane- vertical
axis.
18. 4 . CO N D Y L A R
( B I CO N D Y L A R )
Articular surfaces include two
distinct condyle.
One plane- transverse axis
Partly in another plane –verticle
axis.
19. 5 . E L L I P S O I D
Articular surfaces include
oval concave surface and
elliptical concave surface.
2 axes- flexion-extension
and abduction-adduction.
Combination of
movement-
circumduction.
20. 6 . S A D D L E ( S E L L E R )
Articular surfaces
are reciprocally
concavoconvex.
movements
similar to ellipsoid
joint + some
rotation around
3rd axis.
21. B A L L A N D S O C K E T
J O I N T
Globular head
and cup like
socket
24. AMPHIARTHROSIS
• Slightly movable
• Covered by hyline cartilage
and pad of fibrocartilage
inbetween.
• Shock absorber.
• Remains in place by
ligaments
25. DIARTHROSIS/SYNOVIAL
• Freely movable
• Fluid filled cavity between articular
surface(which is covered by articular
cartilage)
• Fluid=synovial fluid
• - produced by synovial membrane
• -acts as lubricants
• Movements possible in synovial joint:
• ANGULAR: flexion,extension,abduction,
adduction
• ROTATORY: rotation, circumduction
• GLIDING: Sliding.
