This document provides an overview of joints in the human body. It begins by classifying joints into four main categories: functional, regional, based on the number of articulating bones, and structural. The structural classification includes four types of joints - bony, fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. Synovial joints are then described in more detail based on the shape of the articular surfaces and type of movement allowed. Examples are provided for each type of joint. The document concludes with descriptions of the structure, blood supply, nerve supply, and clinical relevance of synovial joints.

1. General
Anatomy
JOINTS
DR. Danyal khattak
BDS (SBDC)
M Phil (IBMS-KMU)
Anatomy KMU-IDS

2. General Anatomy
JOINTS

3. Objectives
By the end of this lecture student will be able to
classify different joints of the body.
Be
Student will be able to differentiate various
types of joints in the body
Be
Student will be able to recognize a single joint
which can be placed under different
classifications
Be
students will get idea of different
terminologies used for joints
Get

4. Definition….
•The site of junction or
union between 2 or more
bones
•Responsible for
movement and
stability

5. Classification Of Joints

7. Classification Of Joints
A:- Functional classification:
(degree of mobility)
1)Synarthrosis – immovably fixed joint
2)Amphiarthrosis - slightly movable
3)Diarthrosis - freely movable

8. B:- Regional
classification
1) Skull type- immovable
2) Vertebral type- slightly
movable
3) Limb type- freely movable

9. C:- No Of Articulating Bones
1. Simple joint:
2 bones articulate e.g
interphalangeal joints
2. Compound joint:
more than 2 bones within 1
capsule e.g elbow joint,
wrist joint
3. Complex joint:
joint cavity divided by an
intra articular disc e.g TMJ

10. D:- Structural classification
(tissue binding the bones and presence or
absence of joint cavity)
1) Bony joints
2) Fibrous joints
3) Cartilaginous joints
4) Synovial joints

11. 1.Bony joints (type of str. classification)
• Gap between 2 bones ossifies
• Examples:-
• Frontal bones in infants
• Mandibular bones in infants
• Epiphyseal lines
• Can occur in fibrous or
cartilaginous joints

12. 2.Fibrous joints (type of str.
classification)
Bones connected by fibrous tissue
No joint cavity
Immovable or slight degree of movement
Types
• Sutures
• Syndesmosis
• Gomphosis

13. SUTURES
Bind skull bones together
Are named according to bony
margins
1) serrate- interlocking lines
e.g coronal, sagittal,
lambdoid
2) Lap - overlapping beveled
edges
e.g temporoparietal suture
3) Plane- straight,
nonoverlapping edges(e.g
internasal suture)

14. Syndesmosis
Bones united by interosseous
ligament
Most movable of fibrous joint
Examples
• Mid radioulnar joint
• Midtibiofibular joint
• Inferior tibiofibular joint

15. Gomphosis
Peg and socket joint
 Peg shaped root of tooth fits
into the bony socket either in
maxilla or mandible
The fibrous tissue intervening is
periodontal ligament
Tooth in its socket is only
example of gomphosis
Slight movement during
chewing

16. 3.Cartilaginous joints (type of str.
Classification)
Bones are joined by cartilage
No joint cavity
Slightly movable
Types
• primary - synchondrosis
• secondary - symphyses

17. Synchondrosis
Hyaline cartilage
Immovable
Temporary
Examples
• Epiphyseal plate
• Costochondral joints
• First chondrosternal joint

18. Symphyses
Fibrocartilage
Slightly movable
Examples
• Intervertebral discs
• Pubic symphysis
• Manubriosternal
joint

19. 4.Synovial joints (type of str.
Classification)
• A synovial joint/ diarthrosis,
• Has five distinguishing features:
• (1) articular cartilage(Hyalain type)
• (2) joint cavity,
• (3) articular (fibrous) capsule,
• (4) synovial membrane
• (5) synovial fluid.

20. Classification of synovial joints
(by shape of articular surfaces and movement)
• Translations-plane joints
• Uniaxial
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
• Biaxial
Condylar/ellipsoid joints
• Multiaxial
Saddle joints
Ball and Socket joints

21. Plane/gliding joint
• Articular surfaces plane/flat
• Gliding movements
• Examples
• Intercarpal joints
• Intertarsal joints

22. Hinge joints
• Articular surfaces pulley shaped
• Movements in 1 plane-transverse axis
• Examples
• Elbow joint
• Interphalangeal joints
• Knee joint
Uniaxial joint

23. Pivot/Trochoid joints
• A central bony pivot surrounded by an osteocartilaginous ring
• Movements in 1 plane-vertical axis
• Examples
• Atlantoaxial joint
• Radioulnar joints(sup and inferior)
Uniaxial joint

25. Condylar/Ellipsoid joints
• 2 distinct condyles
• Convex surface fitting into a concave
surface
• Flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,ci
rcumduction
• Examples
• Wrist joint
• Metacarpophalangeal joints
• Metatarsophalangeal joints
Biaxial joints

26. Saddle(sellar) joints
• Articular surfaces-reciprocally
concavoconvex
• Movements similar to
ellipsoid
• With addition of some
rotation
• Examples
• First carpometacarpal joint
Multiaxial joint

27. Ball and socket(spheroidal) joints
• A globular head fitting into cup
shaped socket
• Multiaxial,permits movement in
several axes
• Examples
• Hip joint
• Shoulder joint
Multiaxial joint

28. Structure of synovial joint
• Articular cartilage- hyaline
• Joint(synovial) cavity
• Articular capsule-fibrous
• Reinforcing ligaments
1. Capsular/true
2. Accessory
• Synovial membrane

29. Blood supply of synovial joint
• Periarticular arterial plexus
• Articular
• Epiphysial arteries
• Rich blood supply
• Extensive capillary beds in
synovial membrane

30. Nerve supply of synovial joint
• Sensory - some proprioceptive
• Autonomic
• Capsule and ligaments - rich nerve supply
• Synovial membrane - poor nerve supply
• Articular cartilage - non nervous

31. Clinical anatomy
• Injuries
• Sprains
• Dislocations
• Subluxation
• Inflammatory and degenerative conditions
• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Gout