The document discusses the structure and function of the hip joint. It describes the hip joint as a ball and socket joint formed by the acetabulum of the pelvis and the head of the femur. The hip joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation. Weight bearing through the hip joint results in compressive and tensile forces that the bone adapts to through trabecular architecture. The primary weight bearing areas are the superior portion of the acetabulum and femoral head.

1. HIP JOINT
D R . K R U PA R A I T H AT H A
A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R ,
S C H O O L O F P H Y S I O T H E R A P Y, R K U N I V E R S I T Y.
R A J K O T, G U J R AT, I N D I A .

2. Index
Introduction
Structure of Hip joint
oStructural adaptation in weight bearing
Function of Hip joint
Hip joint forces and muscle function in stance
Hip joint pathology

3. INTRODUCTION

4. COXOFEMORAL JOINT
• Acetabulum of pelvis and head of femur
• Ball and socket joint
• 3 degree of freedom
• Primary function: to support HAT in static
and dynamic posture.
• Open chain- close chain

6. STRUCTURE OF
HIP JOINT

7. PROXIMAL ARTICULAR SURFACE
• Acetabulum- concave, at lateral aspect
of hip.
• Acetabulum=1/5 pubis+2/5 ischium
+remaining illium
• Ossification at 20-25 years
• Roundness decreases with age
• (lunate surface, acetabular notch,
acetabular fossa, acetabular labrum)

8. CENTRAL EDGE ANGLE

9. ACETABULAR ANTEVERSION
• Angle of acetabular anteversion
• Increase in angle- decrease stability-
increase ant.dislocation

10. ACETABULAR LABRUM
• Grasps head of femur
• Concavity- increases
• Not load bearing
• Free nerve endings present
• Lubrication
• Transverse acetabular ligament: serve
as tension band.

11. DISTAL
ARTICULAR
SURFACE

12. HEAD OF FEMUR
• Circular in shape.
• Radius of curvature of the femoral
head is smaller in women than in men
in comparison with dimension s of
pelvis.
• Fovea/fovea capitis- not covered with
cartilage, ligament of head of femur.
• Femoral head-
medialy,superiorly,anteriorly
• Femoral neck-5 cm long.

13. ANGLE OF INCLINATION

14. ANGLE OF TORSION

16. ARTICULAR
CONGRUANCE

17. • Congruent joint
• Art.surface- head of
femur>acetabulum
• In neutral standing position: head
remains exposed anteriorly and
somewhat superiorly.
• Maximum contact- non wt bearing ,flx,
abd, lat rotation
• Acetabular fossa- non articular and
non weight bearing but stabilizes by
creating vaccum.

18. HIP JOINT
CAPSULE AND
LIGAMENT

20. CLOSE PACK POSITION

21. MAXIMUM ARTICULAR CONGRUANCE

22. MAXIMUM CHANCES OF INJURY

23. FUNCTIONS OF
HIP JOINT

24. MOTION OF
FEMUR ON
ACETABULUM

25. • Hip Joint Range of Movement - 3D Medical Animation -- ABP ©.mp4
• Anatomy of Movement Of The Hip - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil
Ebraheim.mp4

26. Points to remember…
Movements of hip joint and its ROM
Gliding/spinning movements
2 joint muscles
ROM of Normal gait

27. MOTION OF
PELVIS ON
FEMUR

28. • Weight bearing,femur fixed-
movement is produced by pelvic
movement.
• distal lever and proximal lever in
opposite direction to produce same
movement.

32. • Movement of entire pelvic ring in
sagittal plane around coronal axis.

33. Lateral pelvic tilt

34. • Frontal plane, anteroposterior axis.
• Unilateral stance and bilateral stance.
• If both feet are on ground and one
side is more weight bearing =
unilateral stance.
• Bilateral stance – pelvic shift.

37. PELVIC SHIFT
• Pelvic shift, pelvic cannot hike but
drop. Because there is close chain
between two weight bearing feet and
the pelvis.
• If shifted to right, right side adduction
and left side abduction.

38. PELVIC ROTATION

39. • Transverse plane , vertical axis
• In bilateral stance-middle of pelvis
• In unilateral stance- axis of suppoting
hip joint.

40. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PELVIC
ROTATION

41. INTERACTION
OF PELVIS AND
LUMBAR SPINE

44. HIP
JOINTS TRUCTURAL
A DA PTATION TO
W E IGHT -BEARING

46. • The internal architecture of pelvis and
femur reveal the remarkable
interaction between mechanical
stresses and structural adaptation
created by transmission of forces
between femur and pelvis.

47. • Trabeculae line up along lines of stress
and forms systems that normally adopt
to stress requirements.
• It can be seen in bony cross section.

49. • Line of weight bearing :
Vertebrae of spinal column sacral
promontory and SI Joint mostly SI
Joint to acetabulum .

50. • In standing:
Atleast half of weight of HAT
(gravitational force) passes down
through pelvis to femoral head,
ground reaction force (GRF) travels
upto the shaft.

51. • These 2 forces are nearly parallel and
in opposite direction  creates force
couple with moment arm(MA) 
bending force  tensile force
superiorly(laterally)
& compressive force
inferiorly(medially).

53. • A complex set of forces prevents the
rotation and resists the shear forces
that the force couple causes; among
these forces are the structural
resistance of 2 major and 3 minor
trabecular systems.

54. • The areas in which trabecular systems
cross each other that offer the greatest
resistance to stress and strain .
• The area where trabeculae are thin 
femoral neck  zone of weakness 
easily get #.

56. • Primary weight bearing surface of
acetabulum- superior portion of
lunate surface.
• Directly over centre of rotation or
related to CE Angle.
• Peak contact area is smaller in women
but peak contact force is higher in
women.

57. • Primary weight bearing surface of
femoral head-
is its superior portion
• But degeneration is common-Around
or just below fovea or around the
peripheral edges od head’s articular
surface.

58. THANK YOU..