This document provides an overview of microencapsulation and microencapsulation drug delivery systems (MDDS). It discusses various microencapsulation processes including coacervation, solvent evaporation, polymer-polymer incompatibility, interfacial polymerization, and in situ polymerization. It also covers characterization techniques, drug release measurement methods, applications of microencapsulation in drug delivery and recent research advances in the field.
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation including its classification, fundamental considerations, morphology, coating materials, reasons for use, release mechanisms, techniques, evaluation, applications, and disadvantages. Microencapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles with thin coatings to form microparticles, microcapsules, or microspheres ranging from 100-5000 microns. It allows for controlled release, masking of tastes, and protection of unstable or volatile materials. Common techniques include coacervation, pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization.
The document defines microencapsulation as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles using thin coatings, describes various methods for microencapsulation including phase separation, spray drying, and solvent evaporation, and explains that microencapsulation aims to control the release of core materials through rupturing of the capsule wall via different mechanisms.
Micro-encapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within microscopic particles coated with thin walls. It allows for controlled release of substances like drugs. Various methods are used including air suspension, coacervation, and spray drying. Coacervation involves separating a coating material from solution to form liquid droplets that coat core materials. This process protects substances and allows targeted, timed delivery for applications like pharmaceuticals.
This document defines microencapsulation as a process where tiny liquid or solid particles are surrounded by a continuous polymeric film. It lists advantages like increased bioavailability and targeted drug delivery. Methods of preparation include physical techniques like air suspension and spray drying, and chemical techniques like solvent evaporation and polymerization. Microcapsules are evaluated based on properties like particle size, density, isoelectric point and in vitro release studies. Applications include improving flow properties, enhancing stability, and reducing gastric irritation.
Microencapsulation involves coating solid, liquid, or gaseous active ingredients within thin polymeric coatings to produce microcapsules 1-1000 microns in size. It offers several advantages including protecting active ingredients, controlling release rates, and masking tastes/odors. Common techniques include solvent evaporation, pan coating, spray drying, and polymerization. Coacervation involves separating a hydrocolloid coating from solution and depositing it around active ingredient droplets. Microencapsulation has applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and other industries by improving product shelf life, stability and delivery properties.
“It is define has an substance or Pharmaceutical material is encapsulated over the surface of solid, droplet of liquid and dispersion of medium is known has Microencapsulation”
This presentation includes information related to the different technologies used for preparation of micro-capsules and also their evaluation parameters.
Easy & to the point Topics are clearly given in this presentation..
Thanks & Best Regard
(Anurag Pandey) B.Pharm
Contact :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com (Facebook & Gmail both)
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation including its classification, fundamental considerations, morphology, coating materials, reasons for use, release mechanisms, techniques, evaluation, applications, and disadvantages. Microencapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles with thin coatings to form microparticles, microcapsules, or microspheres ranging from 100-5000 microns. It allows for controlled release, masking of tastes, and protection of unstable or volatile materials. Common techniques include coacervation, pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization.
The document defines microencapsulation as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles using thin coatings, describes various methods for microencapsulation including phase separation, spray drying, and solvent evaporation, and explains that microencapsulation aims to control the release of core materials through rupturing of the capsule wall via different mechanisms.
Micro-encapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within microscopic particles coated with thin walls. It allows for controlled release of substances like drugs. Various methods are used including air suspension, coacervation, and spray drying. Coacervation involves separating a coating material from solution to form liquid droplets that coat core materials. This process protects substances and allows targeted, timed delivery for applications like pharmaceuticals.
This document defines microencapsulation as a process where tiny liquid or solid particles are surrounded by a continuous polymeric film. It lists advantages like increased bioavailability and targeted drug delivery. Methods of preparation include physical techniques like air suspension and spray drying, and chemical techniques like solvent evaporation and polymerization. Microcapsules are evaluated based on properties like particle size, density, isoelectric point and in vitro release studies. Applications include improving flow properties, enhancing stability, and reducing gastric irritation.
Microencapsulation involves coating solid, liquid, or gaseous active ingredients within thin polymeric coatings to produce microcapsules 1-1000 microns in size. It offers several advantages including protecting active ingredients, controlling release rates, and masking tastes/odors. Common techniques include solvent evaporation, pan coating, spray drying, and polymerization. Coacervation involves separating a hydrocolloid coating from solution and depositing it around active ingredient droplets. Microencapsulation has applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and other industries by improving product shelf life, stability and delivery properties.
“It is define has an substance or Pharmaceutical material is encapsulated over the surface of solid, droplet of liquid and dispersion of medium is known has Microencapsulation”
This presentation includes information related to the different technologies used for preparation of micro-capsules and also their evaluation parameters.
Easy & to the point Topics are clearly given in this presentation..
Thanks & Best Regard
(Anurag Pandey) B.Pharm
Contact :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com (Facebook & Gmail both)
This document discusses microencapsulation in pharmacy. It defines microencapsulation as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles by forming thin coatings around them. Reasons for microencapsulation include isolation, controlled release, and masking tastes/odors. Key considerations in microencapsulation are the core and coating materials, as well as the encapsulation method used. Common methods described are coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, solvent evaporation, and extrusion. The document outlines various polymers, core materials, and mechanisms that can be used for microencapsulation and controlled drug delivery.
Microencapsulation is a process where core materials are surrounded by a continuous film of polymeric material to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in size. There are various techniques to microencapsulate such as spray drying, pan coating, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can increase bioavailability, alter drug release, and provide targeted drug delivery. Evaluation of the microcapsules involves measuring yield percentage, particle size, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release.
The document discusses microencapsulation and microcapsules. It defines microencapsulation as the process of coating solid or liquid core materials on a very small scale, usually 1-1000 microns in size. The core materials can be drugs, flavors, or fragrances. The coating materials are typically polymers that act as shells to provide controlled release or stabilization. Several microencapsulation methods are described in detail, including pan coating, solvent evaporation, phase separation, spray drying, and polymerization. The mechanisms of drug release from microcapsules and some applications of microencapsulation technology are also summarized.
Microencapsulation may be defined as the packaging technology of solids, liquid or gaseous material with thin polymeric coatings, forming small particles called microcapsules .
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation. It defines microencapsulation as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles using thin coatings. Reasons for microencapsulation include controlled release of drugs or masking tastes/odors. Key considerations are the core and coating materials and their stability/release characteristics. Common methods include coacervation, pan coating, spray drying, and solvent evaporation. Microencapsulation has applications in pharmaceuticals, food, and other industries.
The document presents information on microencapsulation including definitions, reasons for microencapsulation, release mechanisms, coating materials and their properties, manufacturing techniques such as air suspension coating and coacervation, and applications. Microencapsulation is described as applying a thin coating to small particles or droplets to form microcapsules or microspheres ranging from less than one micron to several hundred microns in size. Common techniques for manufacturing microencapsulates include physical methods like pan coating and spray drying as well as chemical processes like solvent evaporation and polymerization.
Microencapsulation involves coating tiny liquid or solid particles with a polymeric film. It has advantages like increasing bioavailability, altering drug release, and improving compliance. Common techniques include coacervation, solvent evaporation, spray drying, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can protect ingredients, mask tastes, and provide targeted delivery for applications like food, pharma, and agriculture.
Microencapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules, of many useful properties. In general, it is used to incorporate food ingredients, enzymes, cells or other materials on a micro metric scale.
Microencapsulation is the process of coating solid or liquid materials in a polymeric film. It has advantages like sustained drug release, masking taste/odor, and protecting unstable drugs. Common coating materials are water soluble/insoluble resins, waxes, and lipids. Microencapsulation techniques include air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. The drug release kinetics depend on factors like coating thickness, porosity and permeability. Microcapsules are evaluated for characteristics, morphology, viscosity, density and in vitro drug release.
This document discusses microencapsulation. It begins by defining microencapsulation as coating small particles of solids, liquids, or gases to form microcapsules. It then discusses the core material to be coated, coating materials, and dimensions of microcapsules. Advantages and disadvantages of microencapsulation are provided. Various applications are mentioned including immobilizing bioactive compounds and protecting compounds from degradation. The key components and methods for microencapsulation are described at a high level. Finally, release mechanisms and references are briefly touched upon.
Microencapsulation is a process of coating solid, liquid, or gaseous materials in tiny capsules or spheres ranging from 1 micron to 1000 microns in size. There are several methods of microencapsulation including air suspension, pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and spray congealing. These methods involve dispersing an active core material in a coating solution or melt and applying the coating as it solidifies through solvent evaporation, cooling, or thermal congealing to form microcapsules. Microencapsulation is used for various purposes like taste masking, controlled release, protecting unstable materials, and targeted delivery of drugs or nutrients.
Microencapsulation is a process that coats solid or liquid active ingredients with polymers to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in diameter. It can be used to increase bioavailability, control drug release, improve compliance, and enable targeted delivery. Common techniques include spray drying, pan coating, polymerization, and emulsion methods. Microcapsules have a core surrounded by a coating, while microspheres have the active ingredient dispersed throughout the polymer. Microencapsulation offers benefits like controlled release, taste masking, and protecting unstable ingredients.
Microencapsulation:
Is a process by which very tiny droplets or particles of liquid or solid material are surrounded or coated with
a continuous film of polymeric material.
Why to do it? How? what are its applications?
The document provides information on microencapsulation. It discusses the core and coating materials used, advantages and disadvantages of microencapsulation, and various methods for microencapsulation preparation including air suspension, coacervation, multi-orifice centrifugal process, and solvent evaporation techniques. The fundamental considerations for microencapsulation and evaluation of microcapsules are also covered.
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-orally administered drugs. Some marketed formulations that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
Microencapsulation is a process where liquid or solid materials are coated with a continuous polymeric film to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in diameter. There are several techniques for microencapsulation including spray drying, solvent evaporation, pan coating, and emulsion methods. The techniques can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release profiles, improve patient compliance, and provide targeted drug delivery.
The document discusses microencapsulation, including its definition as surrounding a substance within a miniature capsule that can release contents at controlled rates. Various techniques for microencapsulation are described, such as coacervation, solvent evaporation, and spray drying. The mechanisms of drug release from microcapsules include degradation controlled systems, diffusion controlled systems, and erosion.
Microencapsulation is a process where core materials are surrounded by a coating to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800 μm in size. It can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release, improve compliance, enable targeted delivery, and mask tastes. Various techniques like coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and pan coating can be used. Polymers are common coating materials and microencapsulation can protect core materials, control reactivity, and convert liquids to solids. The microparticles are evaluated based on morphology, drug content, particle size, and dissolution studies.
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-oral therapeutics. Some commercial products that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-oral therapeutics. Some commercial products that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
This document discusses microencapsulation in pharmacy. It defines microencapsulation as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles by forming thin coatings around them. Reasons for microencapsulation include isolation, controlled release, and masking tastes/odors. Key considerations in microencapsulation are the core and coating materials, as well as the encapsulation method used. Common methods described are coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, solvent evaporation, and extrusion. The document outlines various polymers, core materials, and mechanisms that can be used for microencapsulation and controlled drug delivery.
Microencapsulation is a process where core materials are surrounded by a continuous film of polymeric material to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in size. There are various techniques to microencapsulate such as spray drying, pan coating, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can increase bioavailability, alter drug release, and provide targeted drug delivery. Evaluation of the microcapsules involves measuring yield percentage, particle size, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release.
The document discusses microencapsulation and microcapsules. It defines microencapsulation as the process of coating solid or liquid core materials on a very small scale, usually 1-1000 microns in size. The core materials can be drugs, flavors, or fragrances. The coating materials are typically polymers that act as shells to provide controlled release or stabilization. Several microencapsulation methods are described in detail, including pan coating, solvent evaporation, phase separation, spray drying, and polymerization. The mechanisms of drug release from microcapsules and some applications of microencapsulation technology are also summarized.
Microencapsulation may be defined as the packaging technology of solids, liquid or gaseous material with thin polymeric coatings, forming small particles called microcapsules .
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation. It defines microencapsulation as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles using thin coatings. Reasons for microencapsulation include controlled release of drugs or masking tastes/odors. Key considerations are the core and coating materials and their stability/release characteristics. Common methods include coacervation, pan coating, spray drying, and solvent evaporation. Microencapsulation has applications in pharmaceuticals, food, and other industries.
The document presents information on microencapsulation including definitions, reasons for microencapsulation, release mechanisms, coating materials and their properties, manufacturing techniques such as air suspension coating and coacervation, and applications. Microencapsulation is described as applying a thin coating to small particles or droplets to form microcapsules or microspheres ranging from less than one micron to several hundred microns in size. Common techniques for manufacturing microencapsulates include physical methods like pan coating and spray drying as well as chemical processes like solvent evaporation and polymerization.
Microencapsulation involves coating tiny liquid or solid particles with a polymeric film. It has advantages like increasing bioavailability, altering drug release, and improving compliance. Common techniques include coacervation, solvent evaporation, spray drying, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can protect ingredients, mask tastes, and provide targeted delivery for applications like food, pharma, and agriculture.
Microencapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules, of many useful properties. In general, it is used to incorporate food ingredients, enzymes, cells or other materials on a micro metric scale.
Microencapsulation is the process of coating solid or liquid materials in a polymeric film. It has advantages like sustained drug release, masking taste/odor, and protecting unstable drugs. Common coating materials are water soluble/insoluble resins, waxes, and lipids. Microencapsulation techniques include air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. The drug release kinetics depend on factors like coating thickness, porosity and permeability. Microcapsules are evaluated for characteristics, morphology, viscosity, density and in vitro drug release.
This document discusses microencapsulation. It begins by defining microencapsulation as coating small particles of solids, liquids, or gases to form microcapsules. It then discusses the core material to be coated, coating materials, and dimensions of microcapsules. Advantages and disadvantages of microencapsulation are provided. Various applications are mentioned including immobilizing bioactive compounds and protecting compounds from degradation. The key components and methods for microencapsulation are described at a high level. Finally, release mechanisms and references are briefly touched upon.
Microencapsulation is a process of coating solid, liquid, or gaseous materials in tiny capsules or spheres ranging from 1 micron to 1000 microns in size. There are several methods of microencapsulation including air suspension, pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and spray congealing. These methods involve dispersing an active core material in a coating solution or melt and applying the coating as it solidifies through solvent evaporation, cooling, or thermal congealing to form microcapsules. Microencapsulation is used for various purposes like taste masking, controlled release, protecting unstable materials, and targeted delivery of drugs or nutrients.
Microencapsulation is a process that coats solid or liquid active ingredients with polymers to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in diameter. It can be used to increase bioavailability, control drug release, improve compliance, and enable targeted delivery. Common techniques include spray drying, pan coating, polymerization, and emulsion methods. Microcapsules have a core surrounded by a coating, while microspheres have the active ingredient dispersed throughout the polymer. Microencapsulation offers benefits like controlled release, taste masking, and protecting unstable ingredients.
Microencapsulation:
Is a process by which very tiny droplets or particles of liquid or solid material are surrounded or coated with
a continuous film of polymeric material.
Why to do it? How? what are its applications?
The document provides information on microencapsulation. It discusses the core and coating materials used, advantages and disadvantages of microencapsulation, and various methods for microencapsulation preparation including air suspension, coacervation, multi-orifice centrifugal process, and solvent evaporation techniques. The fundamental considerations for microencapsulation and evaluation of microcapsules are also covered.
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-orally administered drugs. Some marketed formulations that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
Microencapsulation is a process where liquid or solid materials are coated with a continuous polymeric film to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in diameter. There are several techniques for microencapsulation including spray drying, solvent evaporation, pan coating, and emulsion methods. The techniques can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release profiles, improve patient compliance, and provide targeted drug delivery.
The document discusses microencapsulation, including its definition as surrounding a substance within a miniature capsule that can release contents at controlled rates. Various techniques for microencapsulation are described, such as coacervation, solvent evaporation, and spray drying. The mechanisms of drug release from microcapsules include degradation controlled systems, diffusion controlled systems, and erosion.
Microencapsulation is a process where core materials are surrounded by a coating to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800 μm in size. It can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release, improve compliance, enable targeted delivery, and mask tastes. Various techniques like coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and pan coating can be used. Polymers are common coating materials and microencapsulation can protect core materials, control reactivity, and convert liquids to solids. The microparticles are evaluated based on morphology, drug content, particle size, and dissolution studies.
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-oral therapeutics. Some commercial products that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-oral therapeutics. Some commercial products that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and environmental protection. Some applications of microencapsulation include modified release dosage forms, enteric coatings, and replacement of therapeutic agents.
Polymers are commonly used to coat pharmaceutical tablets and dosage forms. There are various types of coatings including conventional and enteric coatings. Conventional coatings can improve aesthetics, mask tastes, and modify drug release. Enteric coatings only dissolve in the intestines above pH 5.5-7 to protect acid-sensitive drugs. Common polymers for coatings include cellulose derivatives, acrylates, and polyvinyl derivatives. New techniques like hot melt extrusion can be used to produce enteric coatings. Coatings can provide benefits like targeted drug release and protection of actives or gastric mucosa.
This document provides an introduction to polymer science and its applications in pharmaceutical formulations. It begins by defining polymers as high molecular weight compounds composed of repeating monomer units connected by covalent bonds. Common polymers are then classified based on their source (natural, synthetic, semi-synthetic), biodegradability, interaction with water, and polymerization mechanism (addition, condensation). Examples of important polymers for drug delivery discussed include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, guar gum, and polyethylene glycol. The characteristics of an ideal polymer system for drug delivery are also outlined.
Nanoparticles are sub-nanosized colloidal structures composed of synthetic or semi synthetic polymers.
The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a nanoparticle matrix.
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation. It defines microencapsulation as coating solid, liquid, or gas core materials that are 5-5000 μm in size. Reasons for microencapsulation include sustained release, taste/odor masking, separating incompatible materials, and protecting materials from environmental conditions. Key considerations are the core and coating materials and the release characteristics. Common techniques include solvent evaporation, spray drying, pan coating, and interfacial polymerization. Microencapsulation has various applications and advantages such as converting liquids to powders and preventing gastric irritation, but also has disadvantages like potential toxicity.
Microencapsulation involves coating solid or liquid core materials with a polymeric shell on a small scale, typically 1-1000 microns. It can be used to mask tastes, sustain drug release, stabilize compounds, and convert liquids to powders. Common coating materials are polymers, waxes, carbohydrates and proteins. Microcapsules are manufactured using various physical and chemical methods like pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation and polymerization. They have applications in food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and more to enhance product stability, delivery and performance.
Nanocrystals are pure drug particles in the nanometer size range that can increase drug solubility and bioavailability without using surfactants. Various "bottom up" and "top down" methods are used to produce drug nanocrystals including precipitation, cryo-vacuum processing, wet milling, and high pressure homogenization. Drug nanocrystals have potential applications for oral, transdermal, and targeted cancer delivery and imaging. Further research is still needed to reduce nanocrystal toxicity before clinical use.
This document provides an overview of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), including their advantages over other lipid nanoparticles, types of NLCs, composition, preparation methods, characterization techniques, marketed products, and conclusions. NLCs are produced from blends of solid and liquid lipids that form a solid matrix at body temperature with an imperfect structure allowing for high drug loading. They can be prepared using methods like homogenization, solvent evaporation, and melting dispersion. NLCs show potential for delivery of both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs via various administration routes.
This document discusses targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles and liposomes. It provides an introduction to nanoparticles and describes different types including nanospheres and nanoencapsules. It then discusses various natural and synthetic polymers used to prepare nanoparticles, as well as preparation techniques such as solvent evaporation and high-pressure homogenization. The document also briefly introduces solid lipid nanoparticles and describes their advantages. Purification techniques for nanoparticles like dialysis and freeze drying are also mentioned.
Microencapsulation is a process where core materials are surrounded by a coating to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in size. There are various techniques to produce microcapsules including air suspension, solvent evaporation, spray drying, pan coating, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release profiles, improve patient compliance, produce targeted drug delivery, and protect core materials. Some example applications are improving stability, reducing volatility, avoiding incompatibilities, and masking tastes.
This document summarizes a presentation on novel solid oral drug formulations. It discusses advances in controlled drug delivery including oros and matrix/reservoir systems. It also discusses bioavailability enhancement techniques for poorly soluble drugs such as nanocrystals and solid dispersions. Nanocrystals are defined as nanoparticles composed entirely of drug with improved dissolution and saturation solubility. Methods for preparing nanocrystals include milling, homogenization and precipitation. Solid dispersions involve dispersing a drug in a carrier to improve solubility and can be classified as eutectic mixtures, solid solutions, or amorphous precipitations.
Formulation and evaluation of sustained release microspheres ofReshma Fathima .K
This document describes the formulation and evaluation of fenofibrate microspheres for sustained drug release. Fenofibrate microspheres were prepared using the emulsion-coacervation method with gelatin as the polymer. The microspheres were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and stability. The results showed the microspheres had spherical morphology and successfully entrapped fenofibrate, providing sustained release over 12 hours. Thus, the fenofibrate microspheres developed in this study could be a promising approach for controlled delivery of this drug.
Hot melt extrusion is a process that converts raw materials into a uniform product by forcing it through a die under controlled conditions. It can be used to create solid dispersions of drugs to improve solubility and bioavailability. The key materials used are active pharmaceutical ingredients, polymers, and additives. Extruders provide mixing and agitation to uniformly disperse ingredients. The extruded material can be used to produce various dosage forms like tablets, pellets, and implants after characterization. Hot melt extrusion is an emerging drug delivery technique for solubility enhancement and modified drug release.
This document provides an overview of amorphous solid dispersions. It discusses glass transition temperature and how polymers can inhibit drug crystallization as a carrier matrix. Preparation methods like hot melt extrusion and solvent evaporation are described. Characterization techniques involve thermal analysis, spectroscopy and diffraction to analyze phase composition and molecular arrangement. In vitro tests examine the "spring and parachute" effect where drug dissolution increases initially before precipitation occurs without proper inhibition. Amorphous solid dispersions provide a formulation strategy for improving solubility of poorly water soluble drug candidates.
The document discusses nanoparticles and resealed erythrocytes. It begins by introducing the concepts of nanoparticles and their ideal characteristics. Some advantages include improved stability and targeting ability, while disadvantages include potential toxicity. Various methods are described for preparing different types of nanoparticles using polymers, lipids, or other materials. The document discusses characterization, fate in the body, and applications of nanoparticles, such as drug delivery.
Similar to Chapter on Microencapsulation and mdds (20)
Transdermal drug delivery systems are formulations that deliver active drugs through the skin for systemic circulation. They provide advantages like avoiding first-pass hepatic metabolism and allowing extended therapy. The document discusses the definition, advantages, limitations and components of transdermal drug delivery systems. It describes the different routes of drug penetration through the skin, ideal drug properties, types of systems and factors affecting their design like skin permeation. Evaluation methods for transdermal patches including adhesion, release and permeation tests are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of sonophoretic drug delivery. It defines sonophoresis as the enhancement of drug migration through the skin using ultrasonic energy. The document discusses the history, mechanisms, safety considerations, applications and advantages of sonophoresis. It notes that sonophoresis increases kinetic energy and disrupts lipid bilayers in the skin to enhance permeation of various drugs including corticosteroids, local anesthetics and salicylates. Proper selection of ultrasound parameters and synergistic use with other enhancers can optimize transdermal drug delivery using this technique.
This document discusses self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS). It begins with an introduction to SMEDDS and explains they are isotropic mixtures that can form microemulsions upon mild agitation and dilution in the GI tract. It then covers the definition of SMEDDS, the difference between SMEDDS and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), the composition of SMEDDS including oils, surfactants, co-solvents and polymers. The document discusses the mechanism of emulsification for SMEDDS and factors affecting SMEDDS. It provides details on characterizing and solidifying SMEDDS before concluding with advantages and recent advances.
This document discusses supercritical and subcritical fluid technology for drug delivery applications. It begins with definitions of critical temperature and pressure as well as supercritical fluids. It then describes various processes that use supercritical fluids like CO2 as solvents or antisolvents to precipitate drug particles, including RESS, PGSS, SAS, ASES, GAS, and SEDS. It provides details on the equipment and operating parameters for each process. The document discusses how these techniques can be used for particle engineering applications like size reduction and modifying solid state properties. Finally, it outlines other applications of supercritical fluids like extraction, sterilization and chromatography.
The document discusses pellets as a drug delivery system. It defines pellets as small, spherical particulates produced by agglomerating fine powders or granules using suitable equipment. Pellets have uniform shape and size, good flow properties, and can be coated for controlled drug release. The document describes various pelletization techniques like direct pelletization, layering, extrusion-spheronization, and sugar spheres. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of pellets and recent innovations like melt pelletization, spray drying, and freeze pelletization that allow high drug loading and different release profiles.
This document provides an overview of osmotic drug delivery systems. It defines key terms related to osmosis and osmotic pressure. It describes the need for controlled release drug delivery and lists advantages of osmotic systems like zero-order delivery and predictable release rates. The document discusses various types of osmotic pumps including elementary, multi-chamber, controlled porosity and monolithic systems. It also covers formulation, evaluation and marketed products using osmotic technology.
This document discusses niosomes, which are non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles used for drug delivery. Niosomes are formed through the self-assembly of non-ionic surfactants and can encapsulate drugs in their aqueous core. They have advantages over liposomes like lower cost, greater stability, and not requiring special storage conditions. The document describes the structure of niosomes and factors that affect their size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release. Various preparation methods are outlined, along with characterization techniques and potential therapeutic applications of niosomes.
This document provides an overview of nanotechnology and nanoparticles. It defines nanotechnology as the design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale. It then discusses various types of nanoparticles like polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and their applications. The document also covers methods for preparing nanoparticles, materials used, characterization techniques, drug release, and some commercial nano-pharma products.
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. They offer several advantages for drug delivery such as protection of encapsulated drugs, controlled release, targeted delivery, and improved pharmacokinetics. There are various methods for preparing liposomes of different sizes and compositions, with the most common being lipid hydration, sonication, and extrusion. Liposomes must be characterized based on their size, lamellarity, drug encapsulation efficiency, and stability to ensure quality for pharmaceutical applications such as drug delivery.
This document provides an overview of iontophoresis drug delivery systems. It begins with definitions and the historical development of iontophoresis. Some key advantages include enhanced drug penetration, control of transdermal rates, and avoiding infection. Disadvantages include the need for drugs to be in aqueous solution and ionized. The document discusses the electrical properties of skin, pathways of ion transport, and mechanisms of iontophoresis. Factors affecting the process and common equipment are also outlined. The document concludes with applications and examples of drugs studied for iontophoretic delivery.
Hydrogels are water-swollen polymer networks that can absorb large amounts of water. They have numerous pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their unique bulk and surface properties. Hydrogels can be designed to respond to environmental stimuli like pH, temperature, and ionic strength. This allows for controlled drug release in response to changes in the surrounding conditions. Hydrogels find use in various drug delivery applications like oral, ocular, and subcutaneous delivery due to their biocompatibility and ability to encapsulate and release bioactive compounds.
Chapter on Search Results Web results Gastro retentive drug delivery system ...Dr. RAJESH L. DUMPALA
The document summarizes a seminar on gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS). It discusses the merits of GRDDS, including delivering drugs to the small intestine and improving bioavailability. Various gastroretentive technologies are described, including floating, expanding, bioadhesive, and high density systems. Factors affecting GRDDS performance and methods for evaluating different GRDDS are also outlined.
This document discusses films and strips for pharmaceutical formulations. It begins by introducing oral dissolving and transdermal films, then discusses the advantages of oral soluble thin films which include larger surface area, precision dosing, and improved patient compliance. Manufacturing methods for films are also covered, such as solvent casting and hot melt extrusion. The document provides examples of drugs that can be formulated into films and lists technologies used to produce oral delivery films. It concludes by discussing formulation aspects of orodispersible films including active ingredients, sweetening agents, and flavors.
This document provides an overview of colon targeted drug delivery systems. It discusses the anatomy of the colon, challenges in delivering drugs to the colon, and various pharmaceutical approaches for colon targeted delivery including pH dependent systems, time dependent systems, microflora activated systems, and multiparticulate systems. Several market formulations that use these approaches are also summarized, including Pentasa, Dipentum, Colazal, and Egalet.
This document provides information on hard gelatin capsules, including their production process, equipment used, quality control tests, and sizes. It discusses the preparation of gelatin, molding capsule halves, drying, trimming, joining, filling, sealing, and packaging processes. Key equipment for filling capsules are also outlined, including elevators, filling machines for powders, granules and liquids, air displacement units, metal detectors, and sorting machines. Standard operating procedures and environmental conditions for capsule filling are also provided.
This document discusses quality control testing for hard and soft gelatin capsules. It outlines the raw material testing, finished product testing, and industrial standards for capsules. Raw material testing includes parameters like bloom strength, viscosity, pH, moisture, and microbial limits for gelatin. Finished product tests cover weight variation, content uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution. Additional industrial standards address dimensions, shape, solubility, and odor. Pellicle formation testing examines for microbial film growth on liquid media.
This document provides an overview of tablets, including their definition, advantages, disadvantages, types, additives, granulation processes, equipment used, tableting procedure, and evaluation. Tablets are defined as a compressed solid dosage form containing medicaments with or without excipients. Their advantages include dose precision, low cost, stability, and masking of taste, while disadvantages can include difficulty swallowing and formulation challenges for some drugs. The document discusses various tablet types, additives used, granulation technologies and equipment, the tableting process, and methods for evaluating tablets.
This document outlines the stages involved in product development from identification to commercialization at an industrial research center. It discusses 26 stages from initial literature review and active sourcing to process validation and technology transfer. The objective is to understand the product flow and roles of different departments like R&D, quality assurance, clinical trials, and production in bringing a product from concept to market.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
1. Seminar On
MICROENCAPSULATION AND MDDS
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By:Rajesh L. Dumpala
(B.Pharm, M. Pharm.) PhD. ( Pursuing)
Research Scientist,
Alembic Research Centre. Vadodara
E.Mail:-rdumpala64@gmail.com
2. Contents:
Introduction
Methods for microencapsulation
Characterization and evaluation
Drug release measurement
Applications
Recent advances
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4. What is Microcapsule &
Microsphere?
Encapsulation involves surrounding drug molecules with a
solid polymer shell
Entrapment involves the suspension of drug molecules
within a polymer matrix.
drug
polymer
Drug
Polymer
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5. Selection of a coating material:
Objectives of the dosage form or
product requirements.
Identifying and selecting the coating
material which will satisfy these product
requirements.
Microencapsulation method used to
accomplish the coated product
requirements.
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6. Ideal requirements of a coating
material:
Capable of forming a cohesive film with
the core material.
Chemically compatible and non reactive
with the core material.
Provide the desired coating properties,
like, strength, flexibility, impermeability,
optical properties and stability.
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13. Limitations of coacervate microcapsules:
Produced only at specific pH values.
Toxicity problems.
Addition of chemical cross linking agents and
application of heat are harmful to the encapsulant
materials, such as thermo and chemically labile drugs
and live cells.
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18. Principal mononer combinations investigated for the
encapsulation of pharmaceuticals by polymerization:
Aqueous phase
monomer A
Non-aqueous phase
monomer B
Poly AB wall material
found
Polyamine:
e.g. L-lysine
Polybasic acid halide
Sebacoyl chloride,
Terephthaloyl chloride
Polyamide,
Nylon 6-10,
Polyterephthalamide
Polyphenol:
e.g. 2,2-bis(4-
hydroxyphenyl) propane
Polybasic acid halide
Sebacoyl chloride
Polyester
Polyphenyl ester
Polyamide:
e.g. 1,6- hexamethylene
diamide
Bischloroformate
2,2-dichloro diethyl ether
Polyurethrane
Polyurethrane
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19. In situ polymerization:
No reactive agents are added to the
core agent.
Process:
1. Polymerization of monomers into low
mol. wt. Prepolymer.
2. Formation of solid capsule shell by
polymerization and cross linking.
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24. Representative coating materials and applicable microencapsulation
process:
Coating materials Multiorifice
centrifugal
Coacervation
phase
separation
Pan
coating
Spray drying
and
congealing
Air
suspension
Solvent
evaporation
Water soluble resins:
Gelatin
X X X X X X
Gum arabic X X X X X
Starch X X X X
PVP X X X X X
CMC X X X X
HEC X X X X X
MC X X X X
Arabinogalactan X X X X
PVA X X X X X X
Polyacrylic acid X X X X X
Water insoluble resins:
E.C.
X X X X X
Polyethylene X X X
Polymethacrylate X X X X X
Polyamide X X
Poly (ethylene-vinyl-acetate) X X X X X
Cellulose nitrate X X X X X
Silicones X X
Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) X X X
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25. Coating
materials
Multiorifice
centrifugal
Coacervatio
n phase
separation
Pan coating Spray
drying and
congealing
Air
suspension
Solvent
evaporation
Waxes and
lipids:
Paraffin
X X X X X
Carnauba X X X
Spermaceti X X X X
Bees wax
stearic acid
X X X
Stearyl
alcohol
X X
Glyceryl
stearate
X X X
Enteric
resins:
Shellac
X X X X
CAP X X X X X
Zein X X
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26. Microencapsulation processes and their
applicabilities:
Microencapsulation
process
Applicable core
material
Approximate particle
size(μm)
Air suspension solids 35-5000
Coacervation phase
separation
Solids and liquids 2-5000
Multiorifice centrifugal Solids and liquids 1-5000
Pan coating solids 600-5000
Solvent evaporation Solids and liquids 5-5000
Spray drying and
congealing
Solids and liquids 600
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27. Drug loading
Total mass of
drug and polymer
Ratio of dispersed
to continuous phase
Ratio of drug
To polymer
Mol. Wt. of
The polymer
Particle size
and
P.S.D.
Manufacturing
variables
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39. Conc. Gradient
existing across the
coating membrane
Coating thickness
Permselectivity of
coating to
core material
Permeability of
coating to
the extraction fluid
Dissolution rate
of core material
Factors
affecting
Drug release
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41. To control
The release
Organ targeting
Passive, Active,
Diversional,
physical
Bioavailability
improvement
Separation of
Incompatible
substances
Handling of
Toxic materials
Ease of
handling
Taste
masking
Protection
Of reactive
materials
Applications
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42. APPLICATIONS OF MICROENCAPSULATION:
Core material Characteristic properties Purpose of
encapsulation
Final product form
Acetaminophen Slightly water soluble solid Taste masking Tablet
Activated charcoal Adsorbent Selective sorption Dry powder
Aspirin Slightly water soluble solid Taste masking, sustained
release, reduced gastric
irritation
Tablet or capsule
Islet of langerhans Viable cells Sustained normalization
of diabetic condition
Injectable
Isosorbide
dinitrate
water soluble solid Sustained release Capsule
Liquid crystals Liquid Conversion of liquid to
solid, stabilization
Flexible film for thermal
mapping of anatomy
Methanol/methyl
salicylate camphor
mixture
Volatile solution Raduction of volatility Lotion
Projesterone Slightly water soluble solid Sustained release Varied
KCl Highly water soluble solid Reduced gastric irritation capsule
Urease water soluble enzyme Permselectivity of
enzyme, substrate, and
reaction products
dispersion
Vit. A palmitate Nonvolatile liquid Stabilization to oxidation Dry powder
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43. Research work (recent):
Encapsulation of DNA in
nanoengineered polymer(disulfide cross
linked poly(methacrylic acid))
microcapsules.- 284707n
Preparation of floating microspheres of
Eudragit E 1oo for fish farming by
solvent evaporation method of
josamycin.-248781g
CA- sept-24, vol 147, no. 13, 2007
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44. Vol. 146, no. 23, June-4, 2007:
Microcapsule gel formulation of Promethazine HCl for controlled nasal
delivery.(468224p)
Microcapsules comprising active ingredients and isopropylamide(467920a)
Combining electrochemistry and high resolution microscopy to trigger and
monitor release process from individual polymeric microspheres(468095x)
Polyelectrolyte assembling for protein microencapsulation(468170t)
Cartilage regeneration using a novel gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronal hybrid
scaffold containing bFGF- impregnated microspheres.(468404x)
Phagocytosis of poly(L-lysine)- graft-PEG coated microspheres by antigen
presenting cells.(468189f)
Multilayer coated microspheres containing pancreatin and pepsin and other
digestive enzymes.(468498f)
Decrease in protein aggregation on oil-water interface by pluronic F
127.(79222j)
Colon targeting of carboxy methyl chitosan microspheres containing
levofloxacin.(79161p)
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45. Research work done:
DRUGS COATING MATERIAL METHOD
Adriamycin E.C. Coacervation
Ascorbic acid E.C., E.C.+CAP, PEG 6000 Coacervation, pan coating
Aspirin E.C., E.C.+CAP,Eudragit E Coacervation
Bitolterol mesylate E.C. Coacervation
Caffeine E.C.+PEG 4000 Fluid bed coating
Carbaquone E.C. Coacervation
Chloramphenicol E.C., Na-alginate, CAP Coacervation
Clofibrate Gelatin Coacervation
Dexamethasone E.C., Gelatin Coacervation
Flufenamic acid Acrylic resin Fluid bed coating
Hemoglobin E.C. Coacervation
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49. Research work on mucoadhesive microspheres
and microcapsules:
drug polymer route
acyclovir chitosan ocular
Methyl prednisolone Hyaluronic acid ocular
Gentamycin DSM+LPC nasal
Insulin DSM+LPC nasal
Human growth hormone DSM+LPC Nasal
desmopressin Starch Nasal
beclomethasone HPC Nasal
gentamycin chitosan Nasal
amoxycillin carbopol GI
vancomycin PGEF coated with
Eudragit S 100
colonic
insulin HYAFF vaginal
50. References:
Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical Technology.10,1-29.
Controlled drug delivery- by J.R. Robinson.
The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy- by Leon
Lachman.
Sustained release injectable products- by Michael L.
Randomsky, Judy H. Senior
‘M. Pharm’ thesis of Archana Surati August 2000.
‘Microencapsulation’, by Simon benita, Marcel Dekkar
publications
J Pharm Sci 93(4) 831-837.
J Pharm Sci 93(4) 943-955.
J Pharm Sci 93(5) 1100-1109.
J Pharm Sci 93(10) 2573-2584.
J Pharm Sci 93(10) 2624-2634.
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