This document provides an overview of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), including their advantages over other lipid nanoparticles, types of NLCs, composition, preparation methods, characterization techniques, marketed products, and conclusions. NLCs are produced from blends of solid and liquid lipids that form a solid matrix at body temperature with an imperfect structure allowing for high drug loading. They can be prepared using methods like homogenization, solvent evaporation, and melting dispersion. NLCs show potential for delivery of both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs via various administration routes.

1. FORMULATION APPROACHES AND
DEVELOPMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURED
LIPID CARRIER
Presented By
Mr. Rahul S. Dalvi
M. Pharm. (SEM – II)
Dept. of Pharmaceutics
Guided By
Dr. A. J. Shinde
Asso. Professor
Dept. of Pharmaceutics
BHARATI VIDYAPEETH
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, KOLHAPUR
2015-2016
Date:12/03/2016
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2.  Contents
 Introduction
 Types of NLC
 Composition
 Method of preparation
 Characterization methods
 Marketed products
 Conclusion
 References
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3.  Introduction
 Lipid nanoparticles.
 Second generation lipid nanoparticles.
 Produced from blends of solid lipids and liquid lipids.
 The blends obtained are also solid at room temperature and body
temperature.
 Solid lipids are mixed with liquid lipids preferably in the ratio of
70:30 up to a ratio of 99.9:0.1.
 Has lipid matrix with a special nanostructure which improve drug
loading and firmly incorporate the drug during storage.
 Can be administered via oral, ocular, topical and intravenous
route.
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ( NLC )
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4.  Limitations
 Poor drug loading capacity.
 Drug expulsion after polymeric transition during storage.
 Relatively high water content of the dispersions (70-99.9%)
 The low capacity to load water soluble drugs due to
partitioning effects during the production process.
NLC overcome these limitations
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5.  Advantages
 Better physical stability.
 Ease of preparation and scale-up.
 Increased dispersability in an aqueous medium.
 High entrapment of lipophilic drugs and hydrophilic drugs.
 Controlled particle size.
 An advanced and efficient carrier system in particular for
substances.
 Increase of skin occlusion.
 Extended release of the drug.
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6.  Types of NLC
Type 1: Imperfect type NLC
 Solid and liquid lipids are blended.
 Small amount of liquid lipid.
 The difference in the structures of the lipids and special
requirements in the crystallization process lead to a highly
disordered, imperfect lipid matrix structure offering space for drug
molecules and clusters of drugs.
Drug
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7. Type 2: Multiple type NLC
 The multiple oil/fat/water, drug can be accomodated in the solid,
but at increased solubility in the oily parts of the lipid matrix.
 At high oil concentrations a miscibility gap of two lipids occurs
during the cooling phase, leading to phase separation, that means
precipitation of tiny oily nano compartments.
Drug
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8. Type 3: Amorphous type NLC
 Lipids are mixed in a way that prevents them from crystallizing.
 The lipid matrix is solid but, in a amorphous state.
 e g. Hydroxy octacosanylhydroxystearate.
Drug
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9.  Composition
Lipids
Water
Emulsifier
Main
Components of
NLC
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10.  Components
Ingredients Materials
Solid lipids Tristearin, stearic acid, cetyl palmitate, cholesterol, Precirol® ATO 5,
Compritol® 888 ATO, Dynasan®116, Dynasan® 118, Softisan® 154, Cutina®
CP, Imwitor® 900 P, Geleol®, Gelot® 64, Emulcire® 61
Liquid lipids Medium chain triglycerides, paraffin oil, 2-octyl dodecanol, oleic acid,
squalene, isopropyl myristate,vitamin E, Miglyol® 812, Transcutol® HP,
Labrafil Lipofile® WL 1349, Labrafac® PG, Lauroglycol® FCC,
Capryol® 90
Hydrophilic
emulsifier
Pluronic® F68 (poloxamer 188), Pluronic® F127 (poloxamer 407), Tween
20, Tween 40, Tween 80,polyvinyl alcohol, Solutol® HS15, trehalose,
sodium deoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium oleate,polyglycerol
methyl glucose distearate
Lipophilic
emulsifier
Myverol® 18-04K, Span 20, Span 40, Span 60
Amphiphilic
emulsifier
Egg lecithin, soya lecithin, phosphatidylcholines,
phosphatidylethanolamines, Gelucire® 50/13
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11.  Method of Preparation
 Homogenization technique
 Solvent evaporation technique
 Microemulsion technique
 Melting Dispersion Technique
 Double emulsion technique
 Spray Drying
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12.  Homogenization techniques
Constant stirring
with high shear
device
Cool at room
temperature
Use of piston gap
homogenizer
Hot homogenization
Drug dispersed
in lipid melt
Then rapid
refrigeration
Use of ice or
liquid nitrogen
Cold homogenization
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13. Factors Affecting technique
 High temperature, low viscosity of lipid melt, lower particle size,
can lead to degradation of drug and carrier.
 High homogenization, high kinetic energy of particles, particle
coalescence, higher particle size.
Factors
Temperature Homogenization speed
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14.  Solvent Evaporation Technique
Drug Lipid
_-_-_-_-
_-_-_-_-
_-_-_
H2O immiscible
organic solvent
-_-_-_-
_-_-_-
_-_-_-_
Emulsification
with HPH
Micro fluidizer
Evaporation of organic
solvent (at room temperature
and reduced pressure)
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15.  Concentration of lipid in organic solvent dictates particle size
 Low lipid load, small particle size
 Incorporation of thermolabile drugs
 Disadvantages: use of organic solvent may interact with drug,
limited solubility of lipid in organic solvent.
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16.  Microemulsion Technique
 The lipids are melted
 Drug incorporated in molten lipid
 A mixture is heated
 Adding the melted lipid
 Stirring
 Transparent and thermodynamically are mixed
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17.  Melting Dispersion Technique
 Melting of drug and lipids in organic solvent(oil phase)
 Simultaneous heating of water at same temperature.
 Addition of oil phase in small volume of water with stirring at
higher rpm for few hours.
 Cooling down to room temperature.
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18.  Double Emulsion Technique
 Drug dissolved in aqueous phase.
 Then emulsification in melted lipids: Primary emulsion.
 Add stabilizer: stabilized primary emulsion.
 Dispersion in aq. phase containing hydrophilic emulsifier.
 This double emulsion is stirred and filtered.
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19.  Spray Drying
 Colloidal dispersion of NLC is spray dried
 Cheaper than lyophilization
Disadvantages:
 Particle aggregation due to high temperature
 Shear forces
 Partial melting of particles
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20.  Characterization
 Particle Size: Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
 Zeta potential
 Electron microscopy: SEM, TEM, AFM
 Surface tension: Wilhemy plate method
 DSC: Crystallinity
 X-Ray Diffraction: Crystallinity
 NMR: Mobility of materials in inner core of NLC
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21.  Drug entrapment efficiency: Ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation,
filtration by sephadex and dialysis
 Drug release: Franz cell
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22.  Case Study
Title : ‘Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Gel for Topical Delivery of
Ketoconazole’
API : Ketoconazole
Other excipients : Compritol 888@ ATO, Precirol@ ATO 5, Stearic
acid, Clove oil, Tween 80, Transcutol P, Ethanol, Carbopol 934, etc.
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23. Experimental and Evaluation Parameters
 Preformulation study
 Screening of surfactuctant and co-surfactuctant system
 Preparation of NLC
Formulation concentrations for NLC
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24.  Factorial design
 Formulation development
Preparation of KNLC
KNLC were prepared by using mechanical agitation method. Method uses
ketoconazole in 200 mg and 400 mg concentration, 40 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml of
clove oil and 160 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml of solid lipid compritol 888 ATO.
Surfactant, co-surfactant system included tween 80 (0.3% w/v) and triton X-
100 (0.1% w/v) were used for KNLC. Antisolvent volume was 50 ml.
Preparation of KNLC Gel
KNLC gel was prepared by using mechanical agitation method. Method uses
KNLC system of volume 50 ml and carbomer 934 was used as gelling agent at
concentration 1.5%.
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25.  Evaluation and optimization of Ketoconazole NLC
 Crystallographic investigations
 Evaluation of Ketoconazole NLC Gel
 Accelerated stability studies
Accelerated stability study carried out for three months period at 250C ±
2˚c/ 75 % ±5% RH. Sampling has been done after three months period.
These gels were evaluated for in vitro drug release study (ICH Q1A (R2) .
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26.  Marketed Products
Products Producer
Cutanova Dr. Rimpler
SuperVital cream IOPE
Surmer Isabella Lancray
NanoLipid Restore CLR Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter
GmbH
NanoLipid Q 10 CLR Chemisches Laboratorium Dr. Kurt Richter
GmbH
NanoRepair Q 10 Dr. Rimpler
NanoVital Dr. Rimpler
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27.  Conclusion
 The lipid nanoparticles – NLC are carrier systems with good
perspectives to be marketed very successfully.
 The reason for this is that they were developed considering
industrial needs e.g. scale up, qualification and validation,
simple technology, low cost, tolerability
 NLCs can generally be applied where solid nanoparticles
possess advantages for the delivery of drugs.
 NLCs are used in topical drug delivery, oral and parenteral
administration. They also have used in cosmetics, food and
agricultural products.
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28.  References
 Mishra B, Patel BB, Tiwari S, Colloidal nanocarriers: a
review on formulation technology, types and applications
toward targeted drug delivery, Nanomedicine. 2010; 6: 9– 24.
 Muller, R. H. et al., Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for
controlled drug delivery – a review of the state of the art, Eur.
J. Pharm. Biopharm. 50, 161-177, 2000.
 Carli, F., Physical Chemistry and Oral Absorption of the
Nanoparticulate Systems, 1999,158-160.
 Joshi, M., Patravale, V., Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)
based gel of celecoxib, Int J Pharm, 2008, 346(1-2):124-32.
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